阳离子瓜尔胶粘度对头发梳理性的影响

以瓜尔胶为原料,3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为醚化剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂,乙醇为溶剂,制备了阳离子瓜尔胶。利用头发梳理仪测定了洗发水中添加阳离子瓜尔胶前后,头发之间的摩擦力变化,考察了阳离子瓜尔胶对头发干、湿梳理性的影响,得出阳离子瓜尔胶能明显改善头发的梳理性:3300mPa.S以上粘度的阳离子瓜尔胶显示效果较佳。     

用于护发产品的新一代阳离子调理聚合物

爱美高公司研制推出了新一代的SoftCAT^TM SL阳离子调理聚合物。SoftCAT^TM SL调理聚合物（INCI命名：聚季铵盐-67）是一系列高黏度、以三甲基胺和月桂基二甲基胺阳离子取代的季铵化羟乙基纤维素。这种新型的聚合物能够提供强化的美感和良好的相容性,不会产生缔合增稠现象。在透明香波和含硅油的二合一香波中评估该聚合物,并与市售的聚合物,如高分子质量低电荷密度的UCARE^TM LR-30M（INCI命名：聚季铵盐-10）和瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵进行比较。评估的性能参数有湿梳性、湿感、硅油吸附和累积现象。聚季铵盐-67在香波评估中表现出优异的湿梳理和干梳理性,对不同发质有优良的触感,并帮助硅油吸附。此外,它们还保留了聚季铵盐-10结构原型的其他优良性能,如可以形成完全透明的产品及没有累积现象等。这些聚合物无论含和不含硅油都可以作为不同表面活性剂体系中的有效调理剂。     

一种新型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的合成及表征

将具有球型分子结构的超支化聚合物接枝到阳离子聚丙烯酰胺上,目的是当用阳离子聚丙烯酰胺处理油田污水时,抑制分子的卷曲速度,提高絮凝性能。作者首先以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸(AA)为单体,聚合得阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,该聚合物具有线型分子结构。再以甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)与端部氨基的超支化聚合物反应,得到端部带有阳离子的超支化聚合物,该聚合物具有类似球型的分子结构。然后将阳离子超支化聚合物接枝到线形阳离子聚丙烯酰胺上,得到一种接枝改性的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺。用红外分光光度仪分析证明得到了预期的产物结构,并测定了产物的特性粘度、阳离子度。     

絮凝技术在香波中的研究及应用

通过实验和絮凝图片比较分析,研究了絮凝的形成及其护发原理。实验结果表明,阳离子聚合物的絮凝效果随着分子量和电荷密度的增大而提升,而氢化钠的添加量对絮凝的形成具有极为关键的作用。通过筛选不同的阳离子聚合物,得出具有理想絮凝效果的阳离子聚合物为决明胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵与瓜儿胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵,而具有较高电荷密度的决明胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵具有更好的絮凝效果。     

异丁烯-co-对甲基苯乙烯的合成研究

以二枯基氯(DCC)、四氯化钛(Ti Cl4)、2,6-二叔丁基吡啶(Dt BP)为合成原料,通过活性正离子聚合成功地合成了不同异丁烯和对甲基苯乙烯进料比、不同聚合时间下的聚(异丁烯-co-对甲基苯乙烯)无规共聚物。通过TG以及DSC对产物进行表征。结果表明,无规共聚物的单体转化率与分子量呈线性关系,分子量分布窄,具有活性聚合的特征。     

阳离子瓜尔胶含氮量对洗发水梳理性的影响

研究了洗发水中调理剂瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的含氮量对洗发水梳理性的影响。利用凯氏定氮仪测定不同公司7种阳离子瓜尔胶产品中的氮含量,并将各个公司产品应用到二合一香波洗发水中进行梳理性的对比。研究表明,瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的含氮量较大者应用于洗发水中梳理性较好。     

辅助材料

201206045含烷氧基甲硅烷基封端的(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物的表面改性剂:JP2011-236403[日本专利公开]/日本:Osaka Yuki Kagaku Kogyo Co.,Ltd.(Matsuoka,Kazuyoshi等).-2011.11.24.-25页.-JP2010/91813(2010.04.12);IPCC09K3/00该表面改性剂由含烷氧基甲硅烷基(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物组成,该聚合物至少一端带有重复单元CR1(CO2R2)CH2(Ⅰ;R1为氢或甲基;R2为亲水基团、疏水基团、阳离子基团或阴离子基团)和烷氧基甲硅烷基R3SiR4R5R6(Ⅱ;R3、R4、R5分别为C1~4烷基或C1~4烷氧基,至少R3、R4、R5中的一个为烷氧基;R6为C1~4亚烃基)。用该表面改性剂对基材(如玻璃基材或树脂基材)进行表面改性。带重复单元Ⅰ和烷氧基甲硅烷基Ⅱ的含烷氧基甲硅烷     

半连续RAFT反相乳液共聚合制备星型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺

首次提出采用"臂先"方法的丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)及N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BisAM)的半连续RAFT反相乳液共聚合方法制备星型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(sCPAM),该聚合物具有阳离子链段集中在含超支化聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)核的臂末端的结构。通过控制AM和BisAM的加料以及AM与RAFT链转移剂的比例,合成了不同臂长、超支化PAM核及臂末端阳离子组成的sCPAM。研究表明在使用BisAM与AM和DMC摩尔比为2～5:1600的低二烯类单体用量条件下,高效制备了臂数为2.5～6.9、星型聚合物含量高达92.9%的sCPAM。TiO2浊液絮凝研究表明提高星型结构含量以及臂末端阳离子密度的sCPAM具有更好的絮凝效果,絮凝性能优于具有更高阳离子度与分子量的线性无规阳离子聚丙烯酰胺工业絮凝剂C535M。     

抗静电涂料

才涂料Nikolaevieh等)一2000.11.16一24页一Fll999,1050(1999.5.7);护C C08L9108 该组合物含有65%一95%乙烯基芳族化合物一(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酩一含胺的单体共聚物阳离子乳胶、以及5%一35%中空粒子聚合物填料(采用阴离子表面活性剂制成,与其他表面活性剂一起可再充电,以防.tL在制备抗静电组合物时乳胶粒子絮凝)。例如,将65份接枝共聚物(由52310.4147.3丙烯酸丁醋一乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酷一苯乙烯共聚物核,以及42.0120.0138.0丙烯酸丁醋一甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙醋一苯乙烯共聚物壳构成)与35%填料乳胶(固体分30.9%,屯电位 巧mv,用三甲基十二烷…     

洗发、护发产品功能添加剂

综述了洗发、护发二合一香波的功能添加剂。从消费者对产品的诉求着手，介绍了改善泡沫润滑感、泡沫稳定性的非离子水溶性聚氧乙烯醚聚合物，改善头发干、湿梳理性及柔软性的阳离子聚合物、阳离子表面活性剂和聚二甲基硅氧烷，维持香波在货架期内稳定的悬浮稳定剂、防腐剂，以及赋予洗发、护发二合一香波附加功能的去屑成分、防晒成分和头发营养滋润成分等。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。