后三角入路钝性刮吸法在萎缩性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的:探讨后三角入路钝性刮吸法在萎缩性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中的应用体会。方法:回顾分析2009年1月至2013年12月为97例慢性结石性萎缩性胆囊炎患者行LC的临床资料。结果:93例成功施行LC,手术时间平均(73.5±33.5)min,术中出血量平均(22.1±18.3)ml,术后平均住院(5.0±2.8)d。4例中转开腹,其中Mirizzi综合征2例,胆囊动脉出血1例,意外胆囊癌1例。患者均治愈出院,无术后并发症发生。结论:后三角入路有助于萎缩性胆囊炎患者胆囊管的解剖,仔细的术中操作及适时中转开腹是手术成功的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹胆囊切除术治疗慢性萎缩性胆囊炎的临床比较

正本研究以慢性萎缩性胆囊炎156例,比较腹腔镜手术与开腹手术(OC)的优缺点,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料2013年3月至2015年3月慢性萎缩性胆囊炎患者156例。根据手术方式分为LC组和OC组。LC组79例,男48例,女31例;年龄38~69岁,平均年龄(48±3.9)岁;慢性萎缩性胆囊炎急性发作9例,合并胆囊息肉15例,合并胆囊结石35例。OC组77例,男42例,女35例;年龄37~71岁,平均年龄(47±3.5)岁;慢性萎缩性胆囊炎急性发作15例,合并胆囊息肉28例,合并胆囊结石54例。1.2方法(1)腹腔镜胆囊切除术:硬膜外麻醉。建立气腹,     

萎缩性胆囊炎并胆囊结石的腹腔镜治疗临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗萎缩性胆囊炎合并胆囊结石的可行性和手术并发症的防治措施。方法 44例萎缩性胆囊炎合并胆囊结石患者中,28例实施腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC),16例实施腹腔镜下胆囊次全切除术(LSC)。结果 28例LC中4例中转开腹,2例胆总管损伤,2例术中出血,1例术后漏胆,2例发生继发性总胆管结石。16例LSC均顺利完成,术后漏胆1例,继发性胆总管结石1例。随访6~32个月,均未出现其他并发症。结论腹腔镜手术治疗萎缩性胆囊炎合并胆囊结石,创伤小、安全性高,合理选择术式、术中规范操作,是保证手术成功的关键。     

胆囊结石合并萎缩性胆囊炎的腹腔镜手术57例体会

目的探讨胆囊结石合并萎缩性胆囊炎的腹腔镜手术方法和注意事项。方法对2002年4月至2008年4月经腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)治疗的胆囊结石合并萎缩性胆囊炎57例的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果行LC成功51例,中转开腹手术6例,放置引流管30例。3例术后胆漏,经引流治愈;未发生术后出血、腹腔感染等近期并发症;无手术死亡病例。结论胆囊结石合并萎缩性胆囊炎行LC与手术者的经验有密切关系,必须重视经验的积累,多种手术技巧并用,把握好中转手术的时机是手术成功的关键。     

萎缩性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊Calot三角的处理

目的探讨萎缩性胆囊炎腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)术中Calot三角的处理。方法对125例慢性结石性萎缩性胆囊炎进行LC的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 125例中行LC成功117例,成功率93.6%,中转开腹8例,4例因Calot三角严重粘连、解剖不清、胆囊管无法分离,1例胆囊与周围组织致密粘连无法分离,2例因为胆囊动脉出血,1例胆囊十二指肠瘘而中转开腹。全组术后无并发症,均治愈出院。结论萎缩性胆囊炎LC手术成功的关键是Calot三角的解剖,可以通过术前B超,CT,MRI来判断三角区的情况,术中对三角区的胆囊动脉,胆囊管的正确处理可以提高手术成功率,减少手术并发症。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术术前彩色超声定位肝中静脉的临床意义

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscop ic cholecystectomy,LC)术前彩色多普勒超声波检查在避免术中损伤胆囊床肝中静脉致大出血的临床意义。方法:2003年1月~2005年1月行LC的1 100例患者术前均经彩色多普勒超声波检查,常规对胆囊床肝中静脉及属枝的解剖关系进行分析。结果:对于术前经彩色多普勒超声波检查明确的肝中静脉直接和胆囊床相贴的非萎缩性胆囊炎胆囊结石的102例患者,采用紧靠胆囊壁的浆肌层直接进行剥离;而慢性萎缩性胆囊炎胆囊结石的24例患者,采用胆囊粘膜切除,或者直接开腹手术切除,未发生因损伤胆囊床肝中静脉而大出血。结论:术前常规彩色多普勒超声波检查,明确胆囊床肝中静脉及属枝位置关系,对于肝中静脉与胆囊床相贴的病例,采用紧靠胆囊壁的浆肌层剥离,或采用胆囊粘膜切除,或直接开腹手术切除,可以避免因损伤胆囊床肝中静脉而导致大出血。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发症的预防

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)手术原则及并发症预防。方法对216例胆囊良性疾病行LC手术,并对LC临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 216例中慢性结石性胆囊炎165例,急性结石性胆囊炎27例,慢性非结石性胆囊炎4例,胆囊息肉17例,萎缩性胆囊炎3例。213例成功完成LC,无1例并发症。中转开腹3例,占1.4%。术中出血2例,无1例术后并发症,均痊愈出院。结论为了减少并发症,应严格掌握LC手术适应证,在calot三角的安全区进行解剖,遇到困难及时中转开腹,是预防并发症的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗萎缩性胆囊炎伴胆囊结石50例分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗萎缩性胆囊炎的方法.方法 选择我院2002年9月～2007年10月收治的萎缩性胆囊炎伴胆囊结石50例经LC治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 全组中转开腹2例,其余48例均通过LC获成功.手术时间平均65 min,放置引流管27例.住院时间平均5 d,全组2例胆漏.经引流治愈;无术后出血、腹腔感染等近期并发症.均痊愈出院.随访中未发现有胆管狭窄、梗阻等并发症.结论 LC治疗萎缩性胆囊炎是可行的,并可体现出创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快等优点.但应具有较高的手术技巧和术中应变能力,才能有效预防并发症.提高手术成功率.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术困难因素及其处理

目的探讨导致腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)术中操作困难的因素及其处理方法。方法总结203例困难LC的临床资料,其中胆囊炎症急性发作,胆囊与周围组织粘连87例;慢性炎症反复发作,胆囊三角纤维化无解剖层次78例;萎缩性胆囊炎15例;合并肝硬化10例;有上腹部手术史13例。结果 194例完成腹腔镜手术,9例中转开腹,中转原因为:急性化脓性胆囊炎,胆囊与周围组织紧密粘连,无法暴露胆囊2例;胆囊三角区出血,止血困难3例;胆囊三角区纤维化,难以解剖2例;术中发现胆漏,开腹探查2例。1例LC患者术后发生胆漏,术后1周开腹缝扎迷走胆管,二次手术后10 d痊愈出院。结论对于困难LC,通过提高手术技巧,采用顺逆结合、解剖紧贴胆囊壁、严密止血、必要时可行保留胆囊后壁的胆囊大部切除等方法 ,可以提高LC手术成功率。     

胆囊结石伴急性胆囊炎的腹腔镜手术时机

目的 :探讨胆囊结石伴急性胆囊炎的腹腔镜手术时机。方法 :回顾分析 12 2例患者的临床资料。结果 :115例顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC) ,7例中转开腹。全组并发胆漏 1例 ,粘连性肠梗阻 1例。结论 :只要掌握正确的手术时机 ,及时中转开腹 ,急性胆囊炎行LC是安全可行的。     

Male gender: risk factor for severe symptomatic cholelithiasis

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of male gender on the clinical presentation of symptomatic cholelithiasis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been accepted as standard procedure for the management of symptomatic cholelithiasis even when the gallbladder is acutely inflamed. With the accumulated experience in the management of acute cholecystitis, some factors including male gender were recognized to influence the clinical presentation of symptomatic cholelithiasis and increase the conversion rate during LC. This retrospective study tried to clarify the correlation between male gender and the clinical presentation of symptomatic cholelithiasis. The medical records of all patients presenting with symptomatic cholelithiasis from January 1994 to August 1999 were evaluated. These cases were divided into four groups as follows: (1) elective LC group: patients with a history of biliary colic or acute attack of cholecystitis but whose LC was performed electively without any inflammatory change in the gallbladder during operation; (2) acute LC group: patients presenting with acute cholecystitis, and LC was performed successfully without conversion; (3) acute conversion group: patients who underwent LC during the course of acute cholecystitis but the procedure were disturbed by severe inflammatory change so they were converted to open surgery; (4) acute open group: patients whose acute cholecystitis was managed by direct open surgery due to the preoperative prediction that LC would not succeed. The correlation of gender, age, and operating time were assessed among these four groups. We found that: (1) the male/female ratio increased (in the patient group sequence of simple LC, acute LC, acute open, and acute conversion group); (2) in the acute LC group male patients had significantly (p = 0.04, t-test) longer operating time than females; (3) although there was no significant difference between the mean age of male (55.7 +/- 13.4) and female (56.3 +/- 15.7) patients in the acute cholecystitis groups (i.e., all patients in the acute LC, acute conversion, and acute open groups), the distribution curve by age in male patients showed a significantly shift to a younger age compared with female patients (p = 0.009, Fisher's exact test).     

结石性萎缩性胆囊炎的腹腔镜手术治疗

目的 总结腹腔镜下结石性萎缩性胆囊炎处理的经验。方法 回顾分析1997年-2000年，56例结石性萎缩性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。结果 腹腔镜下胆囊切除52例，其中顺行切除39例，逆行切除13例；中转开腹行胆囊切除4例，其中3例胆总管切开探查T管引流。腹腔置引流管8例。56例均治愈，2例出现胆漏，经置管保守治愈。结论 解剖清晰、认准变形的壶腹与胆囊管交界部位、严格掌握腹腔镜胆囊切除术的指征和开腹时机、预防性放置引流管是结石性萎缩性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除成功的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影的临床探讨

目的 :减少腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆总管残留结石的发生率。方法 :根据病史及术前B超检查结果 ,对可疑胆总管结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影 ,明确胆道情况。结果 :同期行LC 6 5 0例 ,术中胆道造影 89例 ,成功 78例 ,成功率 87 6 4% ,术中发现胆总管结石 19例 ,占同期LC总数的 2 92 %。结论 :术中胆道造影成功率高 ,显像清晰 ,是一种良好的胆道检查方法 ,为腹腔镜胆囊切除术的成功奠定了基础 ,同时也使患者避免了二次手术的痛苦     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术的难度分级探讨

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)手术的难度分级方法及原因。方法:回顾分析1 983例经腹腔镜胆囊切除术难度分级标准(laparoscop ic cholecystectomy d ifficu lty c lassification,LCDC)评定的LC手术。结果:DC I有1 374例,DC II有470例,DC III有139例;LC最常见的困难是剥离胆囊,而最难处理的是胆囊管及胆囊三角;LCDC难度低的一般是慢性结石性胆囊炎,较难的是急性胆囊炎和慢性萎缩性胆囊炎,很难的是合并有胆囊颈、管部结石嵌顿和/或解剖变异的急性胆囊炎和慢性萎缩性胆囊炎。结论:LCDC可细化LC手术难度原因,对LC有积极意义。     

老年急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的总结老年急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）经验。方法回顾性分析279例LC临床资料，其中急性结石性胆囊炎263例，单纯胆囊腺瘤8例，单纯胆囊息肉样病变5例，无明显原因3例。结果LC手术成功率87．5％（244／279），中转开腹手术35例，无严重并发症，无手术死亡。结论老年人常合并其他脏器疾病，LC围手术期危险性增高，应严格掌握手术适应证，正确处理合并症，术中放宽中转开腹指征是预防和减少并发症的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹原因分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中转开腹的原因。方法 回顾性分析1998年4月～2002年3月本院LC术中转开腹病例的临床资料。结果 1368例LC中，中转开腹60例，中转率4．39％。中转开腹的原因：腹腔内及Calot三角粘连17例，急性胆囊炎或急性胆囊炎恢复期14例，胆囊癌2例，胆肠内瘘5例，胆总管结石2例，萎缩性胆囊炎6例，出血2例，胆道损伤2例，Minizi综合征2例，胆漏1例，黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎1例，其它原因6例。结论 Colat三角解剖不清是LC中转开腹的主要原因，也与手术的技术水平和经验有关。     

高海拔地区开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性及注意事项

目的:探讨高原地区基层医院开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的可行性及应注意的若干问题。方法:回顾总结我院LC的开展情况,同时对不同海拔高度的患者术后第1天及第3天的临床表现进行对照统计。结果:完成LC 78例,海拔高度在3 000m以下55例,3 000-4 500m23例,其中急性炎症期(急性胆囊炎、慢性胆囊炎急性发作)16例,慢性萎缩性胆囊炎(结石)3例,慢性胆囊炎(结石、息肉)59例。全组无中转开腹,无并发症,75例行腹腔引流;平均住院6.7d(4-9d),术后平均出院时间4d(2-6d)。结论:高原地区基层医院通过选择合适的病例、腔镜技能的培训、术中仔细配合操作、麻醉监测及妥善处理开展LC是完全可行的。     

Asymptomatic cholelithiasis in children with sickle cell disease: early or delayed cholecystectomy?

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Our study aimed to evaluate the role of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and asymptomatic cholelithiasis and, furthermore, to determine whether the outcome is related to the operation timing. METHODS: The records of 30 children with SCD diagnosed with cholelithiasis from June 1995 to September 2005 were retraspectively reviewed. All 30 children were asymptomatic at the time of the first visit, and an elective LC was proposed to all of them. The operation was accepted in the period of study by 16 children and refused by 14. During medical observation, 10 of the 14 children who refused surgery were admitted for severe biliary colics. Acute cholecystitis was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound in 3 cases and in 1 case choledocholithiasis, ultrasonographically suspected, was confirmed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and treated during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). All children, emergency admitted, underwent LC after the onset of symptoms. The patients were divided up into 2 groups (A: asymptomatic; B: symptomatic) depending on clinical presentation and operation timing and the respective outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Elective LC in asymptomatic children (group A) is safe with no major complications reported. During medical observation in children who refused elective surgery (group B), 6 biliary colics, 3 acute cholecystitis, and 1 choledocholithiasis were observed. Three sickle cell crises occurred in symptomatic children during biliary colics. The correlation between cholecystectomy performed in asymptomatic children (group A) and cholecystectomy performed in symptomatic children (group B) showed significant differences in the outcome. Morbidity rate and postoperative stay increased when children with SCD underwent emergency LC. CONCLUSIONS: Elective LC should be the gold standard in children with SCD and asymptomatic cholelithiasis to prevent the potential complications of biliary colics, acute cholecystitis, and choledocholithiasis, which lead to major risks, discomfort, and longer hospital stay.