气相色谱法同时测定化妆品中8种多元醇

建立了同时测定化妆品中1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,2·戊二醇、甘油、1,2-己二醇、辛甘醇和乙基己基甘油8种多元醇的气相色谱分析方法。试样用甲醇提取后,经Agilent GC气相色谱仪,DB-624 (30 m×0.25 mm×1.4μm)毛细管色谱柱对样品进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,8种多元醇在给定的质量浓度下与其相应的峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数R~2 0.99。8种多元醇的检出限在1～10μg/mL,定量限为4～33μg/mL。12.5、25和50 mg/g三个加标水平下的回收率为89.4%～105.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.91%～7.04%。该法简便、快速,准确性好,可用于化妆品中多元醇的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定木糖醇及低碳多元醇氢解液的研究

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析木糖醇及其氢解液的方法,并采用外标法定量分析乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇。结果表明:最佳分析条件为流动相V(水)∶V(乙腈)=9∶1,pH为5.3,流速为0.600 mL/min,柱温为80℃,进样量为10μL。在此条件下得到木糖醇质量浓度为0.16~100.00 g/L,乙二醇为0.78~50.00 g/L,1,2-丙二醇及1,3-丙二醇为0.39~25.00 g/L,各组分的线性关系R为0.999 7~0.999 9,方法的平均回收率为98.31%~101.11%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.85%~2.35%。     

一种化妆品复配防腐体系的研究

在美国药典的基础上对防腐挑战试验方法进行改进,采用USP51的抗菌效力测试方法,探讨乙基己基甘油、甘油辛酸酯、1,2-己二醇、辛酰羟肟酸和1,3-丙二醇组成的新型复配保湿防腐剂在水剂、乳液、面膜、膏霜等护肤品中的抑菌作用。结果表明:当复配保湿防腐剂中乙基己基甘油、甘油辛酸酯、辛酰羟肟酸、1,2-己二醇和1,3-丙二醇的质量分数各为9%、13%、9%、35.5%和33.5%,其在化妆品中添加的质量分数为0.50%~0.70%时,在不同剂型化妆品中应用均可表现出良好的抑菌效果。     

新型多功能化妆品原料(POE/POP二甲基醚)的开发与应用

1.前言 通常用作为化妆品保湿剂的有:甘油、1,3丁二醇等多元醇.除此以外、还有:多肽类、透明质酸等高分子生物化学制剂、吡咯烷酮羧酸、尿素等天然保湿因子NNF(naturalmoisturizingfactor=天然保湿因子)以及植物萃取成分等.但是,高分子类或NMF成分之类的电介质在与其它成分配合而成的化妆品基质时,会出现粘度明显增加或减少的不良影响.     

兼具保湿防腐功效的多元醇抗菌效果和应用研究

考察了化妆品常用保湿剂多元醇的抗菌效果,筛选出具有强效抗菌功效的多元醇,如1,2-辛二醇、单辛酸甘油酯、异辛基甘油、1,2-己二醇。研究获得了这些多元醇在化妆品中的最佳用量,结果表明1,2-己二醇、单辛酸甘油酯和异辛基甘油用量达到2%,1,2-辛二醇达到1.5%时能通过防腐挑战。进行了多元醇复配,获得了优选的4个复方,结果表明经过复配后多元醇抗菌效果明显提升。以上述复方作为保湿和防腐成分,研制获得了保湿效果好、无刺激的润肤保湿霜。     

正交试验优选化妆品保湿剂的复配组合

通过体外称重法单因素试验测试了5种多元醇（甘油、丙二醇、丁二醇、1,3-丙二醇、甘油聚醚-26）和6种小分子保湿剂（甜菜碱、海藻糖、赤藓糖醇、D-泛醇、尿素、甲基葡糖醇聚醚-20）在恒温恒湿环境下的保湿率，从中优选保湿性能好的4种保湿剂设计正交试验进行复配。以赤藓糖醇添加量（A）、D-泛醇添加量（B）、甲基葡糖醇聚醚-20添加量（C）、甘油添加量（D）为考察因素，以净保湿率为评价指标，并对保湿率差异性进行分析。结果表明：在单因素试验测试中，甘油及甘油聚醚-26在测试的5种多元醇中保湿效果优异，赤藓糖醇、D-泛醇、尿素、甲基葡糖醇聚醚-20在测试的6种小分子保湿剂中保湿效果优异。在正交试验中，因素B、D在24 h内均对净保湿率有显著影响，而A、C仅在1 h时有显著影响。这4款保湿剂复配在短时间内（1 h）的优选组合为A3B1C2D3，若要追求长时间的最佳保湿效果且成本最低，则优选组合为A1B1C1D3。     

1,2-丁二醇

与丁二醇的其它异构体 1,3 丁二醇和 1,4 丁二醇相比 ,1,2 丁二醇的粘度和凝固点特别低。为了充分发挥 1,2 丁二醇的优势 ,其新开发的用途已经有用做生产聚氨酯的聚酯多元醇、生产不饱和聚酯类树脂、用做聚酯类增塑剂以及作为化妆品的保湿剂、农药稳定剂、医药、农药等其它精细化学品的生产原料。 2 0 0 1年日本神户工厂的产量为 2 0 0t,本文还介绍了 1,2 丁二醇的发展前景。     

有机酸对产丙二醇菌生长和生产的影响

为提高克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌厌氧发酵生产1,3-丙二醇的能力,在发酵过程中添加有机酸(OA),考察其对菌体生长、1,3-丙二醇及其他副产物合成的影响。实验表明:添加OA可促进菌体生长,加入质量浓度为0.2~0.5g/L的OA,菌体生长的菌液在590 nm处吸光度(OD)值比参照值高出30%;加入过量的OA(>1.0 g/L),则菌体生长受到抑制,OD值比参照值低37%;添加OA可促进单位细胞合成1,3-丙二醇,加入质量浓度为0.2~0.5g/L的OA,单位菌体的1,3-丙二醇质量浓度比参照高3.8%~17.5%;添加OA能提高甘油转化为1,3-丙二醇的转化速率,加入0.2~0.5 g/L的OA,甘油转化为1,3-丙二醇的最大转化速率达0.81 h-1。在15 L罐上批式发酵48 h,1,3-丙二醇最终质量浓度达42.9 g/L,甘油转化为1,3-丙二醇的平均转化率达64%。     

单质碘催化合成缩醛（酮）

以单质碘为催化剂,对以乙酰乙酸乙酯、环己酮、丁酮、苯甲醛和正丁醛与二元醇(乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇)为原料合成了2-甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、2,4-二甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、环己酮乙二醇缩酮、环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮、丁酮乙二醇缩酮、丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮、2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷10个缩醛(酮)的反应条件进行了研究,较系统地研究了醛或酮与二元醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响.结果表明,在n(醛或酮):n(乙二醇或1,2-丙二醇)=1:1.3,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的0.4%,反应时间为40～60 min条件下,10种缩醛(酮)的收率为45.2%～92.2%.     

天然多糖与多元醇复配临床保湿应用研究

目的:探究天然多糖以及与多元醇的复配后保湿性能及临床意义。方法:采用德国CK公司的CM825型皮肤水分对测试仪,对天然高分子多糖(寡聚透明质酸钠、低分子透明质酸钠、高分子透明质酸钠、β-葡聚糖和聚谷氨酸钠)和多元醇(甘油、丁二醇)复配前后皮肤水分含量值(MMV)进行测定。结果:研究结果表明,单一依靠天然多糖如透明质酸钠、β-葡聚糖或聚谷氨酸钠添量在0.1%～1%(w/w)之间是不能提供理想的保湿作用,但0.5%天然多糖与5%甘油复配后起到协同增效作用,显著增加其皮肤含水量,与5%丁二醇复配后没有显著提高其保湿效果。同时人体测试结果表明在化妆品润肤霜基质中添加0.5%寡聚透明质酸钠与5%甘油复配组合物和0.5%低分子透明质酸钠与5%甘油复配组合物时,连续使用28 d,滋润程度、保湿程度皮肤改善程度三个指标,协同增效达到33.33%以上。结论:甘油搭配搭透明质酸配具有协同增效作用,在化妆品领域中具有潜在应用价值。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。