云南海口磷矿浮选尾矿的工艺特性研究

对云南海口磷矿浮选尾矿的物相和化学组成、反应特性及发泡性能进行了研究.结果表明:海口浮选尾矿的主要物相为CaMg(CO3)2、Ca3(PO4)3F、SiO2,镁的质量分数为11.59%.P2O3的质量分数为9.87%;浮选尾矿的反应活性很好,抗阻缓性较差,发泡比较严重,需要加入消泡剂.     

湖北磷矿的特性研究

对比研究湖北磷矿与国内其它典型中品位磷矿的化学和物相组成、反应活性、抗阻缓性及发泡特性。结果表明 ,湖北磷矿酸解能力及抗阻缓能力并不差 ,发泡现象也不严重 ,并由此提出由于钾、钠含量高而导致的真空过滤系统氟硅酸钾 (钠 )严重结垢堵塞是该矿用于生产湿法磷酸的主要工艺问题。     

瓮福高镁低品位磷尾矿渣工艺特性的研究

研究瓮福高镁磷尾矿渣的物相和化学组成、反应特性及其发泡性能。结果表明:瓮福高镁磷尾矿渣的主要物相为CaMg(CO3)2、Ca5F(PO4)3,MgO的质量分数为18.02%,P2O5的质量分数为5.63%;其反应活性为98.08%,抗阻缓系数为6.30,该磷尾矿发泡比较严重,需要加入消泡剂。本研究可为综合利用高镁磷尾矿渣中的镁、磷提供必要的基础理论依据,对生产磷镁复合肥有一定的借鉴作用。     

磷矿浮选尾矿矿石特性研究

以贵州瓮福磷矿浮选后的尾矿资源为研究对象,研究了其反应活性、抗阻缓性及酸解反应工艺特性.得出,尾矿主要物相是白云石,其反应活性为99.65%,抗阻缓系数为12.87,最佳酸解反应工艺条件为:反应时间90 min,液固比3,浸出温度80℃,酸过量系数1.05,MgO的浸出率高于P2O5的浸出率(均高于95%).研究表明:瓮福磷矿浮选尾矿反应活性好,有一定的抗阻缓性,MgO和P2O5在酸解过程中近乎是同时浸出,只是前者略高于后者.本研究可为综合利用浮选尾矿中的镁、磷提供必要的基础理论依据,对低品位磷矿的利用有一定借鉴作用.     

逆流浸取低品位磷矿的工艺研究

本文以P2O5含量为15%的低品位磷矿为原料,不经过磷矿富集,直接进行逆流浸取实验,获得实验室条件下的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度80℃,液固比12:1,反应时间2h,磷酸质量分数(P2O5)20%.实验还探讨了逆流浸取中SO3质量浓度对低品位磷矿酸解率的影响,获得实验用矿在逆流浸取中的最佳SO3质量浓度为35～40g/L.     

磷矿中磷灰石及脉石与盐酸反应活性的研究

选用主要组分为磷灰石、石英、白云石的中低品位磷矿与盐酸溶液进行反应,考察了反应后的残渣质量、残渣中P₂O₅的含量以及残渣的X射线衍射图谱等。结果表明：原料磷矿与5%(体积分数,下同)盐酸溶液反应30 min后,白云石相基本消失,残渣中P₂O₅的质量分数由27.81%升至29.40%;采用10%的盐酸溶液,磷灰石开始参与反应;采用25%的盐酸溶液反应30 min后,残渣中P₂O₅的质量分数降至0.13%,磷灰石相基本消失。通过控制盐酸溶液体积分数,可选择性地使原料磷矿中的组分与盐酸溶液反应,达到酸法选矿、避免产生磷尾矿的目的。     

磷矿传统法制磷铵分析研究

以湿法磷酸基础理论研究分析以湖北为代表的中品位磷矿的化学和物相组成、反应活性、抗阻缓性和发泡特性及磷酸氨化中和。分析总结用此类磷矿采用传统法生产磷铵过程中主要工艺指标的操作范围。分析结果表明此类磷矿的酸解能力及抗阻缓性能力和国内其他中品位磷矿没有大的区别,由此提出此类磷矿传统法生产磷铵的工艺控制范围。     

半水/二水浓酸二步法流程制取浓磷酸

较全面地介绍了半水/二水浓酸二步法流程的中试结果.首先从理论上阐述磷矿分解和结晶转化过程;磷矿钝化现象以及(aSO4-H3PO4-H2SO4-H2O四元系统;最后介绍了磷矿分解、结晶转化和料浆过滤等过程的试验结果成品磷酸可达40%～50%P2O5,P2O5转化率可达99.26%,全系统反应时间仅为5.5 h,过滤面积为二水物流程的1.4倍,反应槽容积小于二水法,副产二水石膏极纯,含P2O5小于0.2%,磷矿中氟逸出率可达50%.     

磷酸分解磷矿的工艺条件研究

针对双槽工艺二水物湿法磷酸生产中出现的问题 ,在磷酸分解磷矿化学反应过程研究取得成果的基础上 ,研究了两步法中反应时间、反应温度、硫酸加入时段和方式及搅拌强度等 ,对磷矿分解率和所得湿法磷酸浓度的影响。用金河磷矿实验得出的原则工艺条件是 ,反应温度 80℃左右 ,磷酸分解磷矿时间 2h、总反应时间 5h ,液固比 4∶1(质量计 ) ,液相SO3浓度 3 5mg/mL ,搅拌强度随反应时间递降 ,可制得ω(P2 O5)为 2 8%的磷酸 ,磷矿分解率达 98%。     

硫酸间隙分解鹤峰磷矿的工艺条件研究

对硫酸间隙分解鹤峰磷矿的工艺条件进行了研究．考察了硫酸过量系数、液固比、搅拌转速、反应温度、反应时间等对P2O5转化率的影响。在最佳工艺条件下，P2O5的转化率为98．87％。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。