基于音频内容的DWT域脆弱音频水印算法

为提高脆弱音频水印算法的安全性,实现音频内容的完整性认证,提出一种基于音频内容的可用于篡改与定位的音频水印算法.首先将音频信号分段,进行三级小波变换,然后将音频信号每段的低频小波系数的平均值映射为混沌初值,经过若干次迭代生成认证信息,并采用单个量化高频系数的方法嵌入认证水印.最后利用混沌对初值极端敏感性的特点,定位被篡改的音频位置.仿真结果表明,提出的算法对添加噪声、MP3压缩、低通滤波、重采样等常规的信号处理操作非常敏感,对恶意替换、随机剪切等去同步攻击能够报警并定位篡改位置.     

基于双重水印的音频篡改检测算法仿真研究

提出一种基于双重水印的音频篡改检测算法,利用二值图像进行降维处理作为水印信号,按照适当的分段方式,平均嵌入到音频中生成内容认证水印,利用段序号的二值数字串生成完整性水印,实现音频的版权保护和内容认证。通过提取水印并与原始水印进行比对,判断音频的完整性,并精确定位篡改区域。仿真实验表明,算法具有很好的不可感知性,且对音频篡改检测的准确性高。     

浅谈用于图像认证的可逆数字水印

采用数字水印对医学图像、军事图像进行认证时,由于这类图像对图像完整性要求极其严格.故在图像通过认证后,其中所嵌入的水印信息必须被完全清除,此时必须采用可逆数字水印方案.本文介绍了实现可逆数字水印的方法原理,在此基础上,叙述了两种分别用于图像完全脆弱认证和半脆弱认证的可逆水印算法.     

一种能进行篡改定位的音频双水印算法

提出一种音频双水印算法,解决双水印中认证水印的抗攻击鲁棒性差以及脆弱水印定位不准确的问题。鲁棒水印采用基于RBF神经网络的音频零水印方案作为版权认证水印,因为该水印方案不改变原始音频数据,所以具有良好的透明性;脆弱水印采用一种新的双极性量化方法嵌入,提高了脆弱水印的敏感性。实验结果表明,该方案认证水印具有很强的抗攻击鲁棒性,脆弱水印具有很强的敏感性,且能够对恶意篡改进行精确定位。     

抗JPEG压缩的图像篡改恢复半脆弱数字水印算法

基于JPEG压缩的特性,设计并实现了一种抗JPEG压缩的半脆弱数字水印算法,用于图像内容完整性认证,篡改定位和恢复.在嵌入方,将恢复水印信息重复嵌入到原始图像所有像素的2 bit最低有效位;认证水印利用图像块的DCT变换系数和混沌迭代系统生成,并选择DCT变换的中频系数之间的关系实现嵌入.实验结果表明,该算法具有很好的抵抗JPEG压缩的能力,对局部发生的篡改可以有效地检测、精确定位并进行内容恢复.     

基于混沌映射的图像认证技术

针对脆弱水印认证算法的篡改定位精度及安全性问题,提出了一种篡改检测和定位分离的图像认证方案.将原始图像的像素灰度值映射为混沌初值,经过若干次迭代生成检测水印和定位水印,然后将其嵌入到像素灰度值的低两位.利用混沌对初值的极端敏感性,能够精确地定位对含水印图像的篡改,并且水印提取无需宿主图像.实验结果表明本算法能够检测出任何对图像像素值的改变和对图像完整性的破坏,同时可将篡改定位到单个像素,有效地实现了对数字图像的精确认证.     

基于整数小波零嵌入的多类数字水印算法

;基于整数小波变换和SPIHT搜索小波零树理论,提出一种整数小波零嵌入的多类数字水印算法:将用于版权保护的鲁棒水印进行零嵌入,再将用于数据完整性认证的脆弱水印分别嵌入到小波域不同方向的细节子代中.通过对含水印图像的攻击实验表明,该算法兼具鲁棒性和脆弱敏感性,且篡改定位较精确,水印检测时不需要原始图像的参与,是一种有效的数字图像水印方案.     

基于图像变换域的双重数字水印方法

基于变换域的双重数字水印方法,通过嵌入鲁棒水印和脆弱水印实现了图像内容版权保护和完整性认证的双重目的.其优点是利用小波变换,分块、适应性嵌入鲁棒水印,在图像的高频和低频中分别嵌入鲁棒水印,使鲁棒水印更加强壮;同时它利用离散余弦变换,在图像的高频部分嵌入脆弱水印,使脆弱水印在遭受攻击或篡改时更易被损坏.     

一种基于DCT变换的文档图像半脆弱数字水印算法

提出了一种用于文档图像内容认证的半脆弱数字水印嵌入算法,可用于文档图像内容的篡改定位,该算法利用文档图像的纹理频域特性生成水印,并将水印嵌入到图像中,嵌入算法采用了分快的DCT变换,对文档图像进行认证时,不需要原始载体图像,也不需要额外存储水印信息.给出实验数据说明算法的有效性,实验表明,本文算法具有较好的透明性,对JPEG有损压缩具有较好的鲁棒性;对剪切、替换等恶意篡改表现出脆弱性.     

基于混沌映射的脆弱水印技术

提出了一种基于混沌映射的自适应脆弱水印算法,选取图像小波变换的低频信息作为图像特征并利用混沌映射对初值的敏感性产生两种水印,将其嵌入到随机选择的图像点的LSB（Least Significant Bit）,有效地抵抗了伪认证攻击。水印的产生和嵌入都基于宿主图像本身,因此认证时无需原始图像和水印的参与,实现了盲检测功能。实验结果表明,该脆弱水印算法对图像篡改有很强的敏感性,并具有良好地篡改定位能力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.