极性有机小分子PC-Nafion膜的结构特性

从Nationll7出发，制备了H^ 、Li^ 、Na^ 3种不同阳离子类型的Nation膜，采用傅里叶转换红外光谱法研究了极性有机小分子增塑剂碳酸丙烯酯(PC)与3种阳离子型Nation膜的相互作用．结果表明，PC的加入能和阳离子发生很强的络合作用，在一定程度上破坏了Nation膜体系的离子簇结构，从而促使盐的离解，导致体系电导率的提高；此外，PC羰基与Li^ 离子之间的络合作用要强于其与H^ 离子间的相互作用．     

聚氨酯／超支化聚醚／碱金属复合体系及其离子导电性

为了进一步提高聚氨酯/盐复合体系的离子电导率,合成了聚氧化乙烯聚氨酯（PEU）和超支化聚缩水甘油（HPG）,并与高氯酸锂掺杂得到聚氨酯固体电解质,样品成膜后利用红外光谱、DSC和复阻抗谱分析进行了表征,红外分析发现,随氧锂原子比[EO]/[Li]的减小,醚氧键的吸收峰发生红移、高氯酸根谱带则向高频方向移动、DSC和复阻抗谱分析表明该体系是非晶相材料,HPG的加入提高了聚氨酯体系的电导率,室温（20℃）下,[EO]/[Li]=4～6时其最佳电导率σ达到8.5μS/cm,该体系温度和电导率的关系既不完全符合Arrhenius方程,也不完全符合VTF方程,而是呈现为复杂的曲线关系,这可能与HPG的加入有关。     

聚氨酯固体电解质的聚合物—离子相互作用及其导电作用

制备了一种结构类似于聚氨酯硬段的模型化合物,并以该模型化合物与聚氨酯和高氨酸钠盐复合,制备了一系列的聚氨酯型聚合物固体电解质,通过红外光谱和复阻抗谱分析方法对该体系的离子聚集形态、离子-聚合物相互作用进行了初步的探索,并对其离子导电性能进行了研究,结果表明,随着钠离子浓度的增加,钠离子优先与醚氧基发生络合,当其浓度达到较高水平后,转而主要与羰基发生络合;体系中盐浓度升高,自由离子和离子聚集体数目均有增加,该体系存在最佳盐程度,此时具有很高的离子导电性能,但电导率与温度关系不符合Arrhenius方程,硬段模型化合物的加入不利于体系的离子导电性能。     

凝胶电解质LiClO4—PC—PMMA体系的离子导电性研究

研究了一种新型高子固态离子导体－凝胶电解质高氯酸锂－碳酸丙烯酯－聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯体系（ＬｉＣｌＯ４－ＰＣ－ＰＭＭＡ）离子电导性和电导机理，这类离子导体的电导率与温度的关系服从ＶＴＦ方程并与体系的ｗ（ＰＭＭＡ），玻璃化温度（Ｔｇ）碱金属盐的浓度（ｃ（ＬｉＣｌＯ４）等有关，当ｃ（ＬｉＣｌＯ４）＝０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｗ（ＰＭＭＡ）＝３５％时，离子导体具有良好的粘附性，光学透明度及较高的室温离子电导率（δＲ     

聚氨酯／LiCF3SO3电解质体系的导电机理

利用FT-Raman、FT-IR和复数阻抗谱,对聚氧化乙烯聚氨酯/LiCF3SO3固体电解质样品中离子在聚合物电解质中的导电机理进行了研究,发现导电离子以自由离子、离子对和聚集体的形式存在于体系中,离子状态随盐浓度不同发生变化,自由离子比率随温度的上升而下降;对离子的存在状态与电导率之间的关系进行了研究,发现体系的电导率随自由离子的比率上升而变大;初步探讨了离子在体系中的导电机理;对Nernst-Einstein公式在聚合物电解质体系的应用做了校正,建立了合理的自由离子浓度和电导率的关系。     

尿素－金属氯化物熔体的电导特性

测定了尿素—ＬｉＣｌ、尿素—ＮａＣｌ、尿素—ｋＣｌ、尿素—ＣｕＣｌ＿２、尿素—ＮｉＣｌ＿２、尿素—ＮａＣｌ—ＣｕＣｌ＿２、尿素—ＮａＣｌ—ＮｉＣｌ＿２熔体的电导率，研究了温度、浓度、碱金属离子大小对电导的影响。在所研究的温度范围内（１００～１３６℃），上述体系的电导率与温度成直线关系，尿素一碱金属氯化物熔体的电导率随阳离子半径增大而减少，且与阳离子半径平方的倒数成线性关系。尿素—ＣｕＣｌ＿２（０．１～１．０ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ￣（－３））的电导率在０．８ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ￣（－３）附近出现最高点，在０．７４ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ￣（－３）氯化物浓度附近，摩尔电导的顺序是ＬｉＣｌ＞ＮａＣｌ＞ＫＣｌ＞。     

新型核-多臂星形聚合物电解质

采用傅里叶转换红外光谱法(FT-IR)、微分扫描量热分析(DSC)、离子阻抗谱等测试手段对以超支化聚缩水甘油(HPG)为核，线型聚氨酯(PEU)为臂的核-多臂星形聚合物进行了表征，对其分子结构与电导性能之间的关系进行了初步探索．结果表明，星形聚合物比线型聚合物有更强的溶盐能力和离子传输能力．氧锂比(氧化乙烯单元与锂离子的摩尔比)为4，共混比(质量)为30％时，体系的最高电导率可达0．2mS／cm．当星形聚合物的臂数为5时，体系的电导率高于相同条件下的其他臂数的聚合物体系．体系的电导率随温度的升高而升高，其变化规律符合Arrhcnius方程．     

尿素—金属氯化物熔体的电导特性

测定了尿素－ＬｉＣｌ、尿素－ＮａＣｌ、尿素－ＫＣｌ、尿素－ＮｉＣｌ２、尿素－ＮａＣｌ－ＣｕＣｌ２、尿素－ＮａＣｌ－ＮｉＣｌ２熔体的电导率，研究了温度、浓度、碱金属离子大小对电导的影响。在所研究的温度范围内，上述体系的电导率与温度成直线关系。尿素－碱金属氯化物熔体的电导率随阳离子半径增大耐减少，且与阳离子半径平方的倒数成线性关系。     

表面活性剂对蔗糖水解反应的影响

用旋光法测定了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（R12SO3Na）、阳离子表面活性剂3-烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（R16TAC）和非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚（POPE）对蔗糖反应速率常数的影响．结果表明：R12SO3Na对蔗糖水解起催化作用，R16TAC和POPE对蔗糖水解起抑制作用．阳离子表面活性剂的抑制作用高于非离子表面活性剂．     

新型均苯型芳香族聚酰亚胺的研究

以二步法制备了一种新型均苯型芳香族聚酰亚胺。测定了聚酰亚胺的预聚体－－聚酰胺酸特性粘度（Iυ）随反应时间的变化曲线，聚酰亚胺以N－甲基－2－吡咯烷酮（NMP）中的特性粘度在1.2dL/g左右，玻璃化温度高于250℃，在氧气中失重5％的温度在500℃以上。经红外光谱测定，样品在1780cm^-1和1380cm^-1附近观察到聚酰亚胺的特征峰。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.