微生物生长过程中菌体浓度的软测量

菌体浓度是微生物生长过程中关键的质量指标 .作者利用RBF神经网络建立了微生物生长过程中菌体浓度的软测量模型 ,探讨了软测量模型的动态校正方法 ,通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性 .     

酵母流加发酵过程中模糊神经网络的优化

利用模糊神经网络构建了酵母流加发酵过程的网络模型.通过建立优化子网络,探讨了不同时刻的最佳底物浓度.在模拟网络的基础上,利用遗传算法对流加策略进行了优化研究.     

木糖醇发酵动力学研究

根据通用的分批发酵动力学模型,建立了莫格假丝酵母由木糖转化为木糖醇的发酵动力学模型,用遗传算法估算反应动力学模型参数.计算结果表明,该模型能较好地与实验结果相吻合.     

一株产高质量浓度酒精酵母的间歇发酵动力学初步研究

对一株产高质量浓度酒精的酿酒酵母的间歇发酵动力学进行了初步研究.分别对基质、产物和菌体对时间的变化,所得回归方程显示,3个状态参量与时间呈对数关系;而后采用比生长速率、某一时段的菌体浓度、某一时段的葡萄糖质量浓度、某一时段的酒精质量浓度来描述整个发酵过程中菌体、基质和产物之间的关系,通过二次曲面回归得到了间歇发酵动力学数学模型,与传统的Monod模型和Logistic模型相比,该模型对试验数据拟合和预测性能较好.最后,用Simplex优化方法对间歇发酵动力学进行动态模拟,得到很好的拟合结果.将得到的模型参数用于预测初糖质量浓度为24.7g/dL的间歇发酵,预测结果也较好.因此,该模型可用来预测高初糖质量浓度下间歇发酵过程.     

法夫酵母中虾青素的稳定性研究

采用贮藏试验对碱法破壁酵母类胡萝卜素的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明，不同贮藏条件下，酵母色素连续以两个速度常数不同的一级方程进行降解（k1〉k2）。第一个一级反应主要反映受损脂肪粒中类胡萝卜紊的变化，第二个反应主要反映未受损脂肪粒中类胡萝卜素的变化。比较不同贮藏条件下的试验结果及各个动力学方程的速度常数，表明采用低温、避光、隔氧及添加抗氧化剂有利于提高酵母色素的存留率，而酵母水分（〈12％）及矿物盐对之影响不大。     

靶控输注异丙酚的临床应用和准确性评价

目的 评估内嵌Marsh等报道的药代学参数的TCI系统的准确性。方法 22例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期手术患者，＜65岁（Y组）和＞65岁（E组）各11例，异丙酚靶浓度从2μg/ml开始以1μg/ml递增直至意识消失，分析血浆浓度。计算每个样本的百分比预测误差（％PE），稳定误差（％CE）和组间个体内中位数预测误差（MDPE），中位数绝对误差（MDAPE），中位稳定误差（MDCE），中位数绝对稳定误差（MDACE）。结果 升高靶浓度时系统产生明显的超射。E组异丙酚血浆浓度的PE和绝对值PE分别是63．3％和66．2％，Y组则分别是62．1％和62．7％。E组CE和绝对值CE分别是－0．3％和12．7％，Y组则分别是0．6％和13．5％，组间无差异（P＞0．05）。E组和Y组中位数MDPE（＝中位数MDAPE）分别为78．1％和66．1％，MDCE分别是－0．2％和0．8％，MDACE分别是12．5％和13．5％。实测浓度和预测浓度呈显著直线相关（P＜0．01）。结论 Marsh参数用于国人靶控输注，实测浓度和预测浓度的差异性较大，但系统能够维持稳定的血浆浓度。     

不同浓度戊二醛处理自体心包的生物学特性

目的 观察不同浓度的戊二醛(GA)处理人自体心包后的组织学特点、力学性能及钙化程度.方法 采用不同浓度(0.1％、0.5％、1.0％、5.0％、10.0％)的GA在短时间内(10 min)处理人体心包,以未处理新鲜自体心包组织作为对照.应用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检验GA对心包细胞活性的影响,采用单轴拉伸试验评估心包组织的力学性能,并用原子吸收光谱法对钙盐沉积进行定量分析.结果 MTT结果提示GA对心包的活性有明显抑制作用,以0.5％GA最为明显,仅为对照组(未用GA处理)的22.0％.力学性能显示心包组织的最大抗拉负荷及最大应变强度随GA浓度的增加而改善,至0.5％为最佳,GA浓度再升高(1.0％～10.0％)则最大抗拉负荷及最大应变强度下降.原子吸收光谱法发现0.5％ GA钙盐含量最多,比对照组(未用GA处理)高31.4倍,而再增加GA浓度(1.0％ ～10.0％)则钙盐含量呈浓度依赖性下降.结论 新鲜的心包组织细胞活性好,钙盐含量少,最大抗拉负荷及最大应变强度较差;而GA短时间处理心包组织后,细胞活性降低,最大抗拉负荷及最大应变强度较未经GA处理过的好,但在用GA处理的不同浓度中,钙盐含量均明显增加.     

基于模糊理论的酵母发酵动力学模型

在模糊理论基础上,提出了一种描述菌体生长的模糊动力学模型,将专家对发酵过程的定性经验描述和精确的数学模型联系起来.模型分析发现,对数期隶属度函数就是菌体的相对比生长速率,从而提供了一种划分菌体发酵阶段的方法.最后针对酵母发酵过程,精确地确定了划分对数生长期的开始时间和结束时间.     

庚烷中微生物脂肪酶催化酯化反应动力学的研究

对国产解脂假丝酵母脂肪酶Ｃａｎｄｉｄａｌｉｐｏｌｙｔｉｃａｌｌｉｐａｓｅ在庚烷中催化丁醇与月桂酸酯化反应的动力学进行了研究。结果发现反应不存在扩散限制，仅为动力学控制，符合米氏方程。虽然存在丁醇抑制现象，但底物浓度对反应速率的影响符合Ｐｉｎｇ－Ｐｏｎｇ反应机理，由此推导了反应动力学模型并由实验数据求得了各模型参数。     

利用神经网络对L-缬氨酸发酵建模

根据L-缬氨酸发酵过程的实验数据,利用BP神经网络进行训练,建立实验模型,实时获取生化变量的预测值并进行验证.结果表明,运用BP神经网络对L-缬氨酸发酵过程进行模拟,所建立的模型能比较精确地模拟菌体生长、底物消耗及发酵产酸过程的变化,可以为L-缬氨酸发酵生产过程提供动态模拟,具有重要的实用价值.     

巨细胞病毒对新生鼠肝胆系统FasL、bcl-2及baX基因表达的影响

目的 了解巨细胞病毒(CMV)对新生鼠肝胆系统FasL、bcl—2及bax基因表达的影响。方法 新生鼠腹腔注射不同滴度的CMV，在注射病毒后5、10、15、21及28d各处死一批动物。观察动物的体重变化及肝内外胆管的组织学改变。DNA原位末端标记法检测肝脏及肝外胆管的凋亡细胞。免疫组织化学法检测CMV晚期蛋白及FasL、bcl—2及bax蛋白在肝脏及肝外胆管中的表达。结果 病毒注射组小鼠体重的增加明显慢于对照组。病毒注射后可出现肝胆系统的急慢性炎症反应。且可见肝外胆管狭窄。病毒注射组肝脏及肝外胆管的凋亡指数明显高于对照组。FasL及bax在病毒注射组肝脏及肝外胆管中的表达均较对照组高，但bcl—2的表达降低。病毒注射5d后可在肝脏中检测到病毒晚期蛋白。结论 新生鼠腹腔注射CMV可造成鼠肝胆系统损伤，这种损伤可能是由细胞凋亡增加所致。     

Screening for scoliosis-New recommendations,old dilemmas,no straight solutions

This opinion review considers the prevailing question of whether to screen or not to screen for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. New and improved standards of people-oriented care and person-centredness, as well as improved principles of preventive screening and guideline development, have been postulated and implemented in health care systems and cultures. Recommendations addressing screening for scoliosis differ substantially, in terms of their content, standards of development and screening principles. Some countries have discontinued issuing recommendations. In the last decade, a number of updated and new recommendations and statements have been released. Systematically developed guidelines and recommendations are confronted by consensus and opinion-based statements. The dilemmas and discrepancies prevail. The arguments concentrate on the issues of the need for early detection through screening in terms of the effectiveness of early treatment, on costs and cost-effectiveness issues, scientific and epidemiologic value of screenings, and the credibility of the sources of evidence. The problem matter is of global scale and applies to millions of people. It regards clinical and methodological dilemmas, but also the matter of vulnerable and fragile time of adolescence and, more generally, children's rights. The decisions need to integrate people's values and preferences – screening tests need to be acceptable to the population, and treatments need to be acceptable for patients. Therefore we present one more crucial, but underrepresented in the discussion, issue of understanding and implementation of the contemporary principles of person-centred care, standards of preventive screening, and guideline development, in the context of screening for scoliosis.     

Inclusive social networks and inclusive schools for disabled children of migrant families

This research project (carried out between March 2008 and November 2010) aims to investigate the relationship between migrant disabled students and the Italian school system. It was commissioned by the City of Bologna – Department of Education and Anti-discrimination Policies – which aimed to adopt guidelines and tools to facilitate the inclusion of migrant disabled students aged 0–14. The scale of the migratory phenomenon and impact on the education and health systems of the host countries have given rise to new organizational, social and cultural problems; schools and education services play a key role in facilitating the process of inclusion, not only by offering appropriate responses to the cultural transformations, but also by fostering cultural exchange and dialogue among youths and educating them on global coexistence. Schools are the best environments for meeting the needs of families by making them feel welcome; this is confirmed by teachers themselves, who however seek greater support from local services, also in terms of the involvement and participation of migrant families (with the presence of cultural mediators). Here, we focus on: a presentation of the concluding stages of the research, educational commitments and a summary of the research team's draft guidelines aimed at increasing the quality of the processes of inclusion of disabled children of migrant families.     

Interaction of parathyroid hormone and of parathyroid hormone-related peptide with target cells in the skeleton

Summary Considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the interaction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHRP) with the skeleton. These have relied heavily on the tools of molecular and cellular biology and have included the identification of PTHRP, the molecular characterization of the PTH/PTHRP receptor, the pinpointing of osteoblastic and cartilaginous cell types which are targets for the action of PTH and PTHRP, and the use of gene ablation techniques to assess the role of PTH and PTHRP ligands and receptors in the growth and development of the skeleton in vivo. Further work will now be necessary to assess the role of PTH and PTHRP and their receptors in disease states and to apply our increasing knowledge of PTH and PTHRP physiology to treatment of these disorders.     

Nonantibiotic Properties of Tetracyclines in Rosacea and Their Clinical Implications

Rosacea is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases in the United States, with a complex pathophysiology. One of the major components of the pathophysiology of rosacea is an abnormal immune detection and response to stimuli. Tetracyclines and their derivatives, including minocycline and doxycycline, have anti-inflammatory properties independent of their antibacterial activity that correlate with certain aspects of the pathophysiology, and these drugs are often used by dermatologists to treat rosacea. Biological actions of tetracyclines correlating with rosacea include anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities, inhibitory effects on angiogenesis, and proteolysis. The objective of this review is to re-establish the current understanding of tetracyclines and their mechanism of action as they relate to the pathophysiology and treatment of rosacea for clinicians. This includes reviewing the inflammatory aspects of rosacea that correlate with the known nonantibiotic properties of tetracyclines and providing the most up-to-date clinical evidence supporting the use of tetracyclines to treat rosacea. Given the evolving and multifactorial nature of pathophysiology, this review offers clinicians a unified picture that includes research on the links between rosacea pathophysiology and clinical presentation, the nonantibiotic properties of tetracyclines that relate to pathophysiologic pathways in rosacea, and the potential for clinical application of tetracyclines in rosacea therapy.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.     

从日本《大肠癌处理规约》和《大肠癌治疗指南》看结直肠癌诊治发展趋势

日本大肠癌研究会基于日本多年的结直肠癌临床和组织病理学研究成果,于2018年出版了第9版《大肠癌处理规约》,与美国癌症联合委员会第8版TNM分期基本保持协调一致。参考大量临床研究结果,2019年版《大肠癌治疗指南》对结直肠癌内镜、外科、药物治疗领域进行了全面修订。《大肠癌治疗指南》审慎地推广新的治疗手段和治疗模式,既与国际相接轨,又保留日本治疗特色,充分贯彻多学科团队协作,体现规范化治疗和精准治疗的理念。     

腹腔内置疝修补补片动物实验的病理评价

目的以满足《腹腔内置疝修补补片动物实验技术审查指导原则》要求为基础，探讨客观、准确的病理检测指标和评价方法。 方法选取两种复合疝修补补片，分别植入犬腹腔内左右两侧腹壁。12周后将补片植入区域连同周围正常组织取材，采用免疫组织化学及免疫荧光染色方法评价新生腹膜比例、炎性反应；采用Masson染色方法检测纤维化程度；采用HE染色方法检测新生血管和脂肪浸润情况。 结果（1）Cytokeratin和Vimentin两种抗体均可以对间皮细胞进行识别，有助于对新生腹膜层长度的测量，Cytokeratin特异性更高；（2）应用抗体CD20、CD3和CD68免疫组化染色可以高效地检测出组织中B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞，辅助细胞计数和炎性反应评分；（3）CD34免疫组化染色观察新生血管情况并计算新生血管密度；（4）HE染色可以直接观察脂肪细胞浸润情况并进行半定量评分；（5）Masson染色可以清晰直观地反应胶原纤维沉积情况，对纤维沉积区域厚度进行测量、比较有辅助作用；（6）2组补片的所有观察指标通过定量和半定量方法进行描述，随后进行统计分析，结果显示所有指标间均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。 结论本研究采用的检测方法能对补片植入后的局部反应相关指标进行直接、准确的定位和量化，基本满足《腹腔内置疝修补补片动物实验技术审查指导原则》的要求，对今后开展相关实验具有一定的参考价值。     

Epidemiology and Control of Hypertension and Diabetes in Costa Rica

Costa Rica is one of the countries that make up Central America, neighboring Nicaragua and Panama. Costa Rica shares with its neighbors the social and economic problems characteristic of developing countries; however, one difference is that Costa Rica can derive a great part of its budget and expense to health and education, as it had abolished the army in 1948. It is for this reason that Costa Rica shares diseases characteristic of their region like the Dengue, yet at the same time have a true explosion in the fields of hypertension (HTA), diabetes (DM), and cardiovascular disease.

The health system of Costa Rica has nearly universal coverage, reaching 98% of the population with primary and secondary diverse levels of attention that give appropriate and satisfactory treatment to all hypertensive and diabetic patients.

The HTA and the DM are true public health problems; however, before 2004, there weren't appropriate data on their prevalence and management. Small studies showed an increase in the prevalence of HTA from 9 to 24%, though no data on the prevalence of DM were available. In 2004, the Multinational Survey of Diabetes and Hypertension and Other Factors of Risk carried out in San José, Costa Rica, determined a prevalence of HTA of 25% and of DM of 8%. Likewise, the methodology of the survey allowed an evaluation of the quality of the attention of the HTA (Tracer of Arterial Hypertension) and, consequently, appropriate control of hypertensive patients in Costa Rica; through it, it was determined that greater effort was required for earlier detection and resource optimization to better handle hypertensive and diabetic patients and thus reduce cardiovascular morbidity-mortality and chronic renal disease.