64层螺旋CT诊断肾上腺囊性病变

目的探讨肾上腺囊性病变的 CT 表现特点,提高其诊断准确性.资料与方法经手术病理证实31例的肾上腺囊性病变患者,术前均行64层螺旋 CT 平扫加增强扫描,层厚2.5mm,并行0.625mm 薄层重建及多平面重组,分析肾上腺囊性病变的 CT 表现.结果31例肾上腺囊性病变中,肾上腺上皮性囊肿5例,肾上腺淋巴管囊肿3例,肾上腺血肿4例,肾上腺化脓性炎性假囊肿1例,肾上腺皮质腺瘤囊性变4例,肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤囊性变10例,肾上腺节细胞神经瘤2例,肾上腺神经鞘瘤囊性变1例,肾上腺转移瘤囊性变1例(原发肿瘤为肺癌).64层螺旋 CT 上囊性病变的形态、密度、囊壁厚度、有无壁结节、强化特点可以鉴别肿瘤性和非肿瘤性囊肿、良性和恶性肿瘤囊性变.结论肾上腺囊性病变的64层螺旋 CT 特征不同,有助于明确诊断.     

肾上腺囊肿的CT、MRI诊断

目的:探讨肾上腺囊肿的CT、MRI表现,以提高诊断的准确率。方法:回顾性分析手术病理证实的9例肾上腺囊肿的CT、MRI表现。结果:9例肾上腺囊肿,5例行CT检查:1例呈圆形,2例呈椭圆形,2例呈分叶状。平扫囊肿密度均匀,CT值15~35HU,3例囊壁有钙化;增强扫描囊内均无强化,2例囊壁呈环形强化,3例囊壁无强化。4例行MR平扫:均呈长T1长T2异常信号,并且囊内可见分隔,分隔与液体相比呈短T1短T2异常信号,厚薄均匀,边缘光滑。结论:CT、MRI是肾上腺囊肿定位、定性诊断较为可靠和准确的方法。     

卵巢非肿瘤性囊性病变的MRI影像特征

目的探讨卵巢非肿瘤性囊性病变MRI的影像特点。方法回顾性分析182例有完整临床资料的卵巢非肿瘤性囊性病变的MRI影像,其中平扫60例,平扫+增强122例。观察病灶的部位、形态、大小、分房、囊液信号、囊壁或分隔厚度等,总结其影像特点。结果卵巢非肿瘤性囊性病变可分为功能性和非功能性囊肿。功能性囊肿分为卵巢囊肿(15例)、成熟卵泡(25例)、黄体囊肿(25例)、黄素囊肿(20例)、出血性囊肿(15例);非功能性囊肿分为巧克力囊肿(32例)、多囊卵巢综合征(19例)、卵巢输卵管脓肿(25例)、输卵管积水伴卵巢炎(6例)。根据囊液中是否有出血及出血的不同时期,MR表现多样:可呈长T1等T1或短T1信号,T2WI可呈等-稍高-高信号;Gd-DTPA增强后扫描,功能性囊肿动脉期囊壁轻微强化,静脉及延迟期中等度强化,其强化程度超过卵巢间质信号;非功能性囊肿及卵巢非肿瘤性囊性病变囊壁较厚且有明显延迟强化的特征;所有病变中囊液均无强化。结论卵巢非肿瘤性囊性病变MRI平扫时囊液T1、T2信号变化多样,增强扫描时囊液无强化,囊壁光整且有不同程度的强化和延迟强化。     

肾上腺占位病变的CT、MRI诊断(附71例报告)

目的探讨肾上腺占位病变的CT、MRI诊断价值,提高对肾上腺间质概念的认识. 资料与方法搜集1994年8月～2001年6月经手术和病理证实的肾上腺占位病变71例,46例行CT平扫,其中31例进行增强扫描;30例行MRI平扫,18例行增强扫描;共有5例行CT、MRI联合检查(平扫+增强). 结果 (1) 皮质占位36例(占50.7%),其中醛固酮腺瘤14例,皮质醇腺瘤11例,无功能腺瘤3例,皮质腺癌2例,皮质增生症6例;有1例伴性变态综合征.(2) 髓质占位29例(40.8%),其中嗜铬细胞瘤16例,成神经细胞瘤3例,节神经细胞瘤2例,转移瘤8例.(3)间质占位6例(8.5%),其中髓样脂肪瘤3例,囊肿2例,纤维脂肪瘤1例. 结论肾上腺占位病变多具有其特定的好发年龄、性别趋向及CT、MRI影像学特征,结合临床及实验室检查有助于提高占位病变诊断的准确性;但部分无功能腺瘤、转移瘤、间质肿瘤的定性诊断仍依赖于组织学检查.     

肾上腺囊性病变的影像学诊断和鉴别

目的 分析肾上腺囊性病变的影像学表现,以提高其诊断准确性. 资料与方法 经手术病理证实的肾上腺囊性病变16例,术前14例经螺旋CT和多排螺旋CT平扫增强扫描.2例经MR检查.然后与手术病理对照,回顾性分析CT和MR表现. 结果 16例病理证实的肾上腺囊性病变中,肾上腺上皮性囊肿8例,陈旧出血形成假囊肿3例,嗜铬细胞瘤囊变3例,原发性肾上腺癌囊变2例.肾上腺上皮性囊肿和肿瘤坏死囊变CT多表现为低密度,出血为等密度或高密度; T1WI为低信号或高信号,T2WI为显著高信号或低信号.囊内壁光整11例,毛糙5例.囊外壁光整13例,不规则3例.囊壁钙化2例.增强扫描显示壁强化11例,不强化5例. 结论 肾上腺囊性病变特征不同,有助于明确诊断.     

胰腺少见囊性病变的CT及MRI诊断

目的 探讨胰腺少见囊性肿瘤的影像学特征,提高诊断水平. 方法 回顾分析经手术病理证实的11例少见胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床特征及术前平扫和增强的CT、MRI表现,其中表皮样囊肿4例, 淋巴上皮囊肿4例,淋巴管瘤3例. 结果 (1)表皮样囊肿病变位于胰尾部,囊壁光滑完整,CT平扫囊性病变内的实质成分和脾的密度相同.CT和MRI增强后实质成分表现出和脾完全相同的强化方式.(2)淋巴上皮囊肿老年男性多见,病变呈现多房状境界清楚的肿块.CT平扫呈等密度,MRI T_1WI和T_2WI上混杂的等高信号,增强后囊壁分隔强化.(3)淋巴瘤表现为体尾部的分叶状多囊性病变,CT平扫密度略低于胰腺实质,MRI平扫呈长T_1长T_2信号.增强后分隔和囊壁轻度强化,肿瘤不与胰管交通,胰管轻度受压移位.结论胰腺少见的囊性病变具有一定的特征性的临床和影像学特征.     

肾脏多房囊性病变的影像学表现

目的探讨肾脏多房性囊性病变的CT及MRI表现特征,提高对其诊断的准确性。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的多房囊性病变共28例,26例行CT平扫及增强扫描,10例行MRI扫描。结果总共28例,均为多房囊性病变,其中囊性肾癌18例,囊壁及分隔厚薄不均,5例可见壁结节,4例囊内见絮状悬浮物,17例增强扫描囊壁及囊内分隔呈快进快出强化,囊液未见强化。另外10例,多房囊性肾瘤4例、多房性肾囊肿5例、肾髓质囊肿病1例,其中7例囊壁及囊内分隔均匀,3例囊壁及分隔粗细不均,最厚处小于3mm,增强扫描5例囊壁及囊内分隔不同程度强化,5例囊壁及分隔未见强化,10例囊内均未见强化,未见壁结节。结论多房囊性肾癌与其它多房囊性病变的影像表现特征,有助于提高其术前诊断的准确率。     

卵巢良性囊性病变的CT、MRI表现

目的 分析卵巢良性囊性病变(BOCL)的CT和MRI表现,提高对其的影像诊断与鉴别诊断水平.方法 回顾分析48例经手术病理证实的BOCL的CT和MRI表现.35例行CT平扫,其中20例行CT增强检查;8例行MRI平扫,其中3例行MRI增强检查及扩散加权成像(DWI)检查;5例同时行CT、MRI检查.结果 囊肿11例(单纯性囊肿3例、黄体囊肿3例、子宫内膜异位囊肿5例),浆液性囊腺瘤10例13个病灶,黏液性囊腺瘤8例,囊性成熟型畸胎瘤9例10个病灶,卵巢甲状腺肿10例.BOCL的大小、形态、囊壁(厚度、有无壁结节)、密度或信号、强化程度和方式等特征有助于其诊断与鉴别诊断.结论 部分BOCL的CT、MRI表现具有一定特点,术前可做出正确诊断,为临床治疗方案的选择及预后判断提供一定的理论依据.     

囊性脑转移瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨囊性脑转移瘤的CT、MR I表现特点。方法经临床或病理证实的囊性脑转移瘤26例,男13例,女13例,平均年龄52.7岁。15例行CT平扫,13例行MR平扫,11例行增强CT和/或增强MR I扫描。结果26例共48个囊性脑转移灶,囊壁CT平扫呈等或稍高密度,MR T1W I和T2W I呈等或稍低信号,根据囊壁的形态将其分为3种类型:不均型、结节型、均匀型。MR T1W I囊液信号强度略高于、T2W I高于脑脊液信号强度,而CT密度与之相似或略高。增强扫描肿瘤呈环形强化,部分病灶可见强化壁结节。结论囊性脑转移瘤形态多样,需与脑脓肿及其他肿瘤性囊性病变相鉴别,MR I多方位增强扫描对诊断很有帮助。     

颅内表皮样囊肿的非典型CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨颅内表皮样囊肿的非典型CT和MRI表现,提高对本病的认识.方法 收集经手术病理证实的8例表皮样囊肿,术前均行MRI平扫,其中2例行扩散加权成像(difussion weighted imaging,DWI)检查,CT检查5例.MRI增强扫描4例.结果 8例表皮样囊肿发生于桥小脑角2例,大脑纵裂2例,脑实质2例,颅骨2例.CT显示囊肿表现为均匀高密度2例;混杂密度1例;囊壁及囊内钙化2例.MRI平扫2例T1WI呈均匀高信号,T2WI呈稍高、高信号;3例T1WI和T2WI呈混杂信号;3例T1WI呈不均匀低信号,T2WI呈高信号;其中1例DWI表现为高信号.4例MRI增强扫描显示囊壁显著环形强化和囊内不均匀强化2例,囊壁轻度强化2例.结论 颅内表皮样囊肿的CT和MRI非典型表现主要包括CT呈高密度、混杂密度、囊壁和囊内钙化,MRI T1 WI、T2WI呈高信号、混杂信号,增强扫描显著环形强化,在诊断时应充分结合DWI检查,以提高术前诊断准确性.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).