热改性膨润土对甲基橙废水的吸附

研究了热改性膨润土对甲基橙的吸附性能。结果表明改性的方法能够明显地改善膨润土在水中的沉降性与过滤性,大大地提高了膨润土对甲基橙的吸附能力。在pH等于7及常温条件下,当经300℃煅烧2h的热改性膨润土的用量为12g／L时,对浓度为248mg／L的甲基橙的吸附量和去除率分别为22．12mg／g、98．58％;对浓度为41．0mg／L的甲基橙的去除率达97．4％。     

氨氮废水的吸附处理

探讨了经镁离子改性并煅烧的膨润土对氨氮废水的吸附特性，考察了pH、反应温度、反应时间、改性膨润土的用量等因素对改性膨润土吸附性能的影响。结果表明：经镁离子改性的膨润土对氮有较好的吸附性能。且当膨润土中镁离子质量分数为2．0％、经300℃煅烧2h时，在pH=6、镁离子改性的膨润土的用量为10g／L、吸附时间为30min的条件下，对质量浓度为100mg／L的氨氮废水的去除率可达到91％，处理后的废水氨氮质量浓度小于15mg／L，达到了国家一级排放标准。     

膨润土对醋酸锌溶液中Fe3+的吸附作用研究

研究了天然膨润土对醋酸锌溶液中Fe^3 的吸附作用。结果表明：天然膨润土对Fe^3 吸附性能较强，当Fe^3 的浓度为l00mg／L左右时，用膨润土一次性吸附后，溶液中的Fe^3 浓度就可达到Q／HG3-180-77标准规定的要求。吸附受溶液pH、吸附剂用量以及振荡时间的影响，并且溶液中存在的醋酸和醋酸锌会降低膨润土对Fe^3 的吸附容量。     

Fenton试剂氧化处理甲基橙模拟废水的条件研究

Fenton试剂是H2O2和Fe^2＋混合得到的一种强氧化剂,近十几年来在废水处理中的应用得到广泛的关注。现采用Fenton试剂降解含甲基橙染料的模拟废水,探讨H2O2和Fe^2＋的用量、溶液pH值和甲基橙初始浓度、反应时间等对甲基橙去除率的影响。研究表明：当溶液pH为3,H2O2和1%FeSO4·7H2O的用量分别为1mL和3mL,甲基橙的浓度为20mg/L时,反应2分钟后,甲基橙的去除率可达90％以上,证明了Fenton试剂可以有效地处理甲基橙模拟废水．     

改性粉煤灰对二甲酚橙的吸附研究

研究了改性粉煤灰对二甲酚橙的吸附性能。探讨了吸附时间、溶液初始浓度、吸附剂用量及溶液初始pH对二甲酚橙去除率的影响。结果表明：在pH=11及常温条件下，改性粉煤灰用量为8g/L时对浓度为7．6mg／L二甲酚橙的去除率为85％。     

酸改性膨润土对含铅废水的吸附性能研究

以硫酸为改性剂,对钙基膨润土进行活化改性,考察了改性剂用量、改性膨润土加入量、吸附时间以及pH值等因素对改性膨润土去除模拟水样中重金属离子Ph^2＋的影响。结果表明,用体积浓度为20％的硫酸溶液改性后的膨润土的除铅效果最好,在常温下,当改性膨润土用量为15g／L,吸附时间为30min,pH值为6-9时废水中铅的去除率最大,超过99.5％,处理后铅的剩余浓度小于1mg/L,达到国家第一类污染物排放标准。     

纳米Fe^0为铁源的Electro—Fenton对甲基橙废水的脱色

以纳米Fe^0为铁源的E1ectro—Fenton（Fe^0／E—Fenton）对甲基橙废水的脱色进行了研究。与Fe^2＋／E～Fenton体系和商用铁粉为铁源的E—Fenton体系相比较,Fe^0／E—Fenton对甲基橙的脱色效果更好。Fe^0／E—Fenton对甲基橙脱色过程中,相对稳定的溶液的pH值和充足的Fe^2＋量有利于E—Fenton试剂对甲基橙脱色反应。同时考察了Fe^0／E—Fenton反应中初始pH值和纳米Fe^0投加量对甲基橙脱色的影响。研究结果表明,当甲基橙初始浓度为20mg·L^-1时,溶液pH值和纳米Fe^0的投加量分别为3．0和17mg·L,甲基橙溶液在45min内完全脱色。     

介孔钨铬杂多酸/Go/PANI材料对甲基橙的吸附性能

以SiW_(11)Cr/GO/PANI为吸附剂,研究了其对模拟染料废水甲基橙溶液的吸附性能,考察了甲基橙溶液的初始pH值、SiW_(11)Cr/GO/PANI催化剂的用量、甲基橙溶液的初始浓度等对催化剂吸附率和去除率的影响,结果表明:催化剂投加量为10mg、溶液的pH值为6、甲基橙溶液的浓度为15mg/L,染料甲基橙的最大去除率能达到95.11%。     

酸性大红G的脱色处理

探讨了壳聚糖对酸性大红G的吸附脱色性能。试验了吸附时间、溶液初始浓度、吸附剂用量及溶液pH对酸性大红G去除率的影响。结果表明：在pH=6及常温条件下,当壳聚糖用量为6g／L时,对浓度为50mg／L的酸性大红G去除率为98％。     

CTMAB-膨润土处理苯酚废水的试验研究

以天然膨润土为原料。经碳酸钠改型后。再用溴化十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对其进行有机改性。制成有机改性膨润土。用改性后的有机膨润土处理废水中的苯酚。研究其对苯酚的去除能力。实验还确定了有机膨润土处理苯酚废水的适宜条件。当苯酚初始浓度为10mg／L时。用土量为20g／L，pH=7．0。吸附时间120mins，温度为35℃，有机膨润土对苯酚的去除率可达到85．9％。为天然膨润土的改性及其对苯酚的处理提供了重要的参考数据。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。