吸附与超滤法深度处理城市污水试验研究

采用活性炭吸附法和超滤法，对城市污水厂二级出水进行了深度处理试验研究．试验结果表明，粒状活性炭对污水中溶解性有机物有较好的去除效果，当允许出水CODcr为15mg／L以下、炭层厚度为2m、滤速为3m／h、5m／h和7m／h时，吨水用炭量基本在0．2kg／m^3．超滤对水中浊度去除率在95％以上．超滤膜清洗采用洗涤剂配制的清洗液及质量分数为5％的H2SO4.4％的NaOH溶液清洗，膜通量可得到较好的恢复     

小型污水回用系统的优化运行

针对混凝沉淀—砂滤—活性炭过滤—超滤的处理工艺,通过药费(混凝刑费用和超滤膜清洗的药剂费用)、沉淀池排泥费、过滤反冲洗费和水泵的提升费用确定目标函数值,即系统的运行费用.并在四种不同的投药量下,针对不同浊度的原水,对该污水回用系统的优化运行进行研究.试验结果表明,在达到优化运行工况之前,小型污水回用系统优化运行的目标函数主要取决于排泥周期和反洗周期的长短,因为它直接影响着运行费用中的水价;当系统达到优化运行以后,决定目标函数的是药剂费用.目标函数开始呈现平缓的增长趋势.     

超滤膜处理含油污水后污垢的清洗

超滤装置在处理含油污水时，浓差极化与凝胶层同时存在，凝胶层一旦形成，便大大超过浓差极化的作用．此时单用传统的清洗方法难以恢复膜的透水通量．在油田污水站用管式超滤膜组件对采油污水进行了处理，分析了膜面污染的组成，试验了油—酸—碱、碱—酸—碱、碱洗等清洗方法．针对中型管式超滤膜组件，确定了低压大流量冲洗结合化学清洗的清洗步骤．该法具有清洗操作简单，清洗剂各成分较易得到的优点．实验中所用管式膜组件经用上述方法清洗后，水通量可以得到较大程度甚至完全的恢复．     

商业洗衣废水处理与回用工程设计

通过分析洗衣公司的各种废水水质特点，选择清洗废水和脱水废水作为处理原水．在混凝沉淀试验基础上，确定了混凝剂的种类和用景．废水通过混凝沉淀一过滤组合工岂的处理，处理后的废水水质达到了回用水质标准，能满足洗衣初级用水的要求，节约了大量新鲜水和可观的资金，具有较好的经济和环境效益．     

高锰酸钾与颗粒活性炭联用去除水中微量有机污染物

研究了高锰酸钾与颗粒活性炭联用对水源水微量有机污染物的去除效果,以CODMn和剩余苯酚浓度为检测指标,考察高锰酸钾对苯酚的氧化去除效果.以GC-MS分析和Ames试验为检测手段,考察了水源水经高锰酸钾和颗粒活性炭联用处理后,水中有机物的去除效果.结果表明,高锰酸钾对苯酚有较好的去除效果,实际水源水在高锰酸钾与颗粒活性炭联用处理后,水中有机物大部分被去除,水源水的致突变活性有明显降低.     

聚硅铁短时混凝过滤应急工艺及效果

为保证污染的快速有效处理，基于聚硅铁(PSF)的优异混凝效果及其絮体的快速沉淀性能，以模拟生活污水为试验水样，对短时混凝沉淀工艺(短时工艺)的絮凝和沉淀时间等参数的选择及其对过滤的影响进行研究，对比研究聚硅铁和聚合氯化铝(PAC)在混凝过滤的短时和常规工艺下的去除效果，并利用扫描电镜对其絮体进行分析，最后观察短时工艺对于实际生活污水的处理效果。结果表明，在混凝沉淀试验中，絮凝2 min、沉淀3 min时的PSF短时工艺就能达到与常规工艺较为接近的污染物去除水平。投加量为0.162 mmol/L时，浊度和COD_Cr平均去除差异率分别为0.59%和11.5%。在过滤试验中，短时PSF工艺的滤后水水质稳定，平均COD_Cr去除率达到85.53%,比PAC短时工艺高了7.16%。扫描电镜图片表明短时PSF工艺的絮体比PAC絮体结构紧凑，颗粒粒径大，具有更好的絮凝沉淀效果。在处理实际生活污水的试验中，投加量达到0.162 mmol/L时，PSF短时工艺对于浊度和COD_Cr的去除效果比PAC短时工艺分别高了27.88%和11.11%。     

河道底泥陶粒对生活污水中NH3-N的深度处理试验研究

采用曝气生物滤池用自制河道底泥陶粒对生活污水进行深度处理试验，同时用对照陶粒和活性炭进行对比试验，结果表明底泥陶粒滤料在生活污水深度处理中对NH3-N的去除效果较好，运行稳定，说明自制河道底泥陶粒可以作为水处理滤料用于曝气生物滤池中。     

采油污水反渗透淡化预处理试验研究

为了验证"生化—絮凝—双介质过滤—超滤"作为油田采油污水反渗透淡化处理的预处理工艺的可行性,试验考察了处理工艺对降低污水含油量、COD、浊度等指标的效果.试验结果表明:当生化处理停留时间为10 h时,生化出水含油量、COD分别由处理前的30～60 mg/L和314～464mg/L下降到处理后的0.5～2.0 mg/L和86～122 mg/L.生化出水再经絮凝—双介质过滤—超滤工艺处理后,出水含油量小于0.5 mg/L,浊度小于0.2NTU,SDI值小于3.0,达到反渗透进水要求,且生化出水絮凝处理可以改善超滤膜运行状况.     

微波技术在生活污水深度处理中的应用

应用微波能污水处理技术对兰州石化公司污水处理厂的生活污水进行深度处理,处理后的污水返厂回用。通过研究影响生活污水深度处理装置稳定高效运行的因素,即微波发生器的开启台数、药剂投加量及沉降过滤一体机的排泥频次。结果表明,根据来水量调节微波发生器开启台数;控制混凝池1^#pH在10.5-11.5,混凝池3^#pH在7.0-7.5;沉降过滤一体机每4h排泥一次,能够有效提高装置的运行效果,处理后的生活污水COD平均含量为18.5mg/L,平均去除率为58.7%,SS平均含量为10.2mg/L,平均去除率为63.3%,水质完全满足回用要求,为兰州石化公司的节能减排工作的顺利开展提供了可靠保障。     

超滤-反渗透组合工艺深度处理肉类加工废水的试验

目的研究超滤-反渗透组合工艺深度处理肉类加工废水的效果及工艺参数,保证出水能够达到满足企业内的冲洗圈栏、运输车、空调补水,提高肉类加工废水的循环利用率.方法以某肉类加工公司污水处理站的出水为试验用水,设计并建立过滤-超滤-反渗透组合工艺小试,通过间断运行并定期清洗的方法研究该工艺对COD、T-P、硬度等处理效果,并通过收集产水及浓水量计算产水率.结果超滤-反渗透工艺处理后的出水指标COD、T-P和硬度的质量浓度分别为6.2 mg/L,0.13 mg/L和6.15 mg/L,去除率分别达到了90%,95%,99%,产水率达到35%,可达到回用标准.结论超滤-反渗透工艺深度处理肉类加工废水能够取得良好的效果,出水可以用于企业内部的直流冷却水、锅炉补水、屠宰车间清洗(包括圈栏冲洗、淋洗等)等,并且通过增加反透膜的段数和级数可进一步提高产水率以达到较好的经济效益.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.