Nb在超快冷条件下的低温析出行为

 通过热模拟试验和实验室热轧试验,结合含Nb船板钢的CCT曲线,重点研究了超快冷条件下试验钢中Nb在相变区的析出行为。结果表明,试验钢变形后快速冷却至600℃保温不同时间时,得到的组织为针状铁素体组织,而在650℃等温时,组织中多边形铁素体含量随等温时间延长逐渐增多;不同温度下保温,随着保温时间的延长,析出相粒子的数量有所增多,尺寸也有所增大;在实验室条件下采用910℃终轧＋超快速冷却工艺,相比于850℃终轧＋层冷工艺组织中的粒子析出量大大增加,微合金的析出强化作用得到加强,得到轧件的强度相比于低温终轧并没有降低,说明超快速冷工艺不仅可以更好地发挥Nb的析出强化作用,提高含Nb船板钢的强度,而且可以适度提高试验钢的终轧温度,降低轧制力,提高轧制节奏。     

CSP热轧工艺对Ti微合金化钢组织和性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、电子显微镜、化学相分析等手段研究了CSP热轧工艺对Ti微合金化高强钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明:880℃终轧、620℃卷取试验钢的屈服和抗拉强度分别为825、895 MPa,钢中存在大量的纳米尺寸TiC粒子,其沉淀强化效果超过150 MPa;卷取温度降低到580℃,TiC的析出受到抑制,沉淀强化效果明显减弱。卷取温度显著影响钢中第二相粒子的析出过程,终轧温度和卷取温度改变对晶粒尺寸也有影响,两者综合作用的结果使Ti微合金化钢的强度和韧性发生变化。     

600MPa级Nb-Ti微合金化高成形性元宝梁用钢的开发

设计了一种低C低Mn、Nb-Ti复合微合金化成分体系的600MPa级元宝梁用钢,并采用OM和TEM等仪器对组织与第二相析出物进行了分析。结果表明,在不同终轧温度下力学性能均能满足技术条件的要求,整卷力学性能波动较小,表现出了较好的力学性能稳定性;随终轧温度的降低,铁素体晶粒明显细化,同时尺寸分布在3~60nm之间的第二相粒子数量变多,细晶强化与析出强化效果均增大;当终轧温度与卷取温度分别为830与600℃时,试验钢表现出了最优的力学性能,屈服强度、抗拉强度与伸长率分别达到了536MPa、612MPa与30.5%,同时室温到-60℃温度范围内冲击功均保持在125J以上。     

锰含量和终轧温度对低成本中钛Q345B钢组织性能的影响

 通过实验室轧制试验,研究不同锰质量分数（0.6%～1.0%）、终轧温度对低成本中钛（质量分数0.04%～0.05%）Q345B钢微观组织和力学性能的影响,同时采用透射电镜观察钢中钛的析出规律。结果表明：锰质量分数为0.8%、终轧温度为850 ℃时,试验钢的屈服强度为491 MPa,抗拉强度为625 MPa,伸长率为33.6%,在满足力学性能条件下能最大限度地降低成本,而钛的析出主要以球形纳米尺寸TiC粒子为主,有少量方形大尺寸TiN粒子。     

钛微合金高强钢控轧控冷工艺研究

采用金相显微镜、电子显微镜等手段研究控轧控冷工艺对Ti微合金化高强钢的组织和性能的影响。结果表明:在低温终轧(800℃)、600℃保温1 h的试验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度最高,分别为670.7 MPa和752 MPa。高温终轧(1 030℃)的试验钢组织主要为准多边形铁素体、针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体,组织粗大;低温终轧(800℃)的组织主要为多边形铁素体,晶粒较细小。在600℃保温1 h的试验钢中存在大量的纳米尺寸TiC粒子,沉淀强化效果明显,未在600℃保温1 h的试验钢中,TiC的析出受到限制,沉淀强化效果明显减弱。     

Nb-Ti微合金高强度钢1.5mm冷轧板退火组织和第二相析出行为

用透射电镜实验研究了(%):0.08C-1.0Mn-Nb+Ti<0.10微合金高强度钢经53%冷变形1.5 mm板650℃和680℃退火的组织和第二相析出行为。结果表明,试验钢中的第二相为(Ti,Nb)(C,N)复合析出相,第二相粒子尺寸一般为20~30 nm,随退火温度提高,第二相粒子的数量增加。由于退火过程第二相析出强化和第二相粒子抑制晶粒长大,使钢中晶粒细小,该钢650℃退火组织具有较高强度(屈服强度≥480 MPa)。     

终轧温度对高性能桥梁钢力学性能及组织的影响

利用拉伸、冲击试验机测试力学性能，采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜研究了终轧温度对高性能桥梁钢Q370qE力学性能和微观组织、晶界取向角度差、织构、位错和析出相形态的影响。结果表明：在875～803℃范围内降低终轧温度，钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度均提升，屈强比上升，韧脆转变温度降低，低温韧性提高。终轧温度为803℃时，钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度分别为420、542 MPa,-40℃的夏比冲击功均值为243 J。降低终轧温度有利于铁素体晶粒的细化和均匀性的提升，细化珠光体团束的尺寸，减少珠光体组织的数量，改变了珠光体形态，出现退化形态；但较低的终轧温度，珠光体组织由分散变为连续的条带，加重了钢的带状组织。同时降低终轧温度，促进了大角度晶界的形成和小角度晶界的减少，有利于晶粒<001>取向的减弱和<110>取向的增多；有利于晶内Nb/Ti碳氮化物析出相颗粒的细化及球状的形成，铁素体晶粒内部位错增多并大量缠结，也促进了Nb/Ti碳氮化物在位错上的形成。     

终冷温度对风电用S460级钢组织性能的影响

摘要：在S460铁素体钢的控轧控冷实验中,采用纯净冶炼,控制轧制和加速冷却相结合的方法,研究了不同终冷温度对钢板显微组织和力学性能的影响。不同终冷温度下显微组织均由多边形铁素体和珠光体组成。终冷温度为570℃时,较细的显微组织导致了较高的-80和-110℃冲击功。终冷温度为630℃时,较多的析出粒子导致了较高的屈服强度以及-80、-110℃冲击功下降。经研究发现,成分设计、组织细化程度和第二相析出行为对风电用S460级钢的强韧性起决定性作用。     

终冷温度对风电用S460级钢组织性能的影响

在S460铁素体钢的控轧控冷实验中,采用纯净冶炼,控制轧制和加速冷却相结合的方法,研究了不同终冷温度对钢板显微组织和力学性能的影响。不同终冷温度下显微组织均由多边形铁素体和珠光体组成。终冷温度为570℃时,较细的显微组织导致了较高的-80和-110℃冲击功。终冷温度为630℃时,较多的析出粒子导致了较高的屈服强度以及-80、-110℃冲击功下降。经研究发现,成分设计、组织细化程度和第二相析出行为对风电用S460级钢的强韧性起决定性作用。     

新一代TMCP条件下钛微合金化Q460钢种开发

依托于超快速冷却技术(UFC)开发出一种钛微合金Q460钢板。研究轧后超快冷至不同温度(560℃、610℃和680℃)后试验钢的组织性能和析出行为,并对其综合强化机理进行了研究。研究结果表明:不同终冷温度条件下,试验钢组织均为多边形铁素体和块状珠光体组织,且随终冷温度降低,晶粒明显细化;经TEM分析统计,TiC数量密度随终冷温度的升高而增大;试验钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度随着终冷温度的升高均先降低后升高,-20℃冲击功随终冷温度的降低逐渐升高;当终冷温度为680℃时,试验钢屈服强度可达510 MPa,固溶强化、细晶强化、位错强化、析出强化对屈服强度的贡献率分别可达42 MPa、188 MPa、62 MPa和217 MPa。说明析出强化和细晶强化为试验钢的两种重要强化方式。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.