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真菌毒素污染是影响全球食品安全问题的重要因素之一。真菌毒素是真菌产生的次级代谢产物,对人体、动植物皆可产生危害。自然条件下,真菌毒素分子可与葡萄糖、丙二酸或谷胱甘肽等极性较强的基团结合,生成结合型真菌毒素。由于毒素结构发生改变,现有的常规检测手段不能有效地检测其存在,因此称其为隐蔽型真菌毒素(masked mycotoxins)。已有文献报道,隐蔽型真菌毒素往往与其原型同时存在于粮食中,而隐蔽型毒素在进入人和动物体内后,经水解、氧化还原等代谢过程,可释放出有毒的毒素原型分子,给食品安全、人和动物健康造成严重隐患。因此对隐蔽型真菌毒素的形成机制、污染状况和毒理研究应尽快展开。本文综述了国内外近几年以来几种常见隐蔽型真菌毒素的最新研究进展,为隐蔽型真菌毒素的研究提供有价值的参考。 相似文献
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真菌毒素可损害动物和人的健康,并给食品行业造成经济损失。冷等离子体作为新兴的非热技术,具有绿色环保、高效等优势,在真菌毒素降解方面颇有成效。本文总结了冷等离子体处理后真菌毒素降解机理,论述了不同放电方式及处理条件下的冷等离子体处理后黄曲霉毒素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮的降解产物结构,阐述可能的降解路径,综述了冷等离子体对真菌毒素纯品及依附于食品基质上的真菌毒素的降解效果,从真菌毒素降解产物毒性角度,从结构毒性、细胞毒性、动物毒性三个方面分别探讨冷等离子体处理后的安全性和可行性,为冷等离子体在降解食品真菌毒素方面的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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果蔬中真菌毒素污染及臭氧防治研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
果蔬在生长、采收、贮藏、运输、加工、销售等各个环节极易产生损伤,易受到病原致病微生物的浸染。真菌毒素是真菌产生的次级代谢产物,会在果蔬内部大量积累,某些毒素具有急性或慢性毒性,不仅造成巨大经济损失,也会通过食物链传播对人和牲畜的健康造成极大危害。目前有众多毒素降解方法,本文总结了果蔬中常见的真菌毒素及其污染现状,并针对果蔬及其加工制品中常用的臭氧防控技术的原理及应用进行了综述,对该领域目前存在问题及今后的重点研究方向进行了总结和展望,旨在为开发出更高效、绿色、环保的果蔬及其加工制品中真菌毒素的降解方法提供参考。 相似文献
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真菌毒素是一类长期困扰粮食安全的重要污染物,尤其是对于谷物类作物具有极大的危害性,因此,对于真菌毒素的检测与降解已经成为粮食安全方面的重点攻克对象。根据现有的研究,主要的降解手段有物理法、化学法以及生物法等,此外还涌现出了多种手段协同作用降解的方式,种类呈现多样化的趋势。因此,为了进一步推进更加便捷、高效的真菌毒素降解方法应用到相关的粮食领域中,减少降解剂对食品本身品质的影响,并帮助开发新的真菌毒素降解方法。作者综述了近年来研究者在防控粮食等产品中各种真菌毒素污染所采用的不同策略,并且分析了相应的产毒机制,讨论了现阶段所采用的各种方法防控真菌毒素的优势和不足,同时展望了未来食品工业对真菌毒素降解方法的发展新趋势,提出了新的研究方向。 相似文献
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农产品中的真菌毒素污染,不仅造成农业产业的巨大经济损失,而且直接危害人类的身体健康。虽然物理法与化学法在早期真菌毒素脱除中发挥了一定的作用,但是通过微生物脱除真菌毒素,作为一种安全、高效、经济的方式越来越受到认可。本文综述微生物对农产品中常见真菌毒素的两种主要脱除方式(吸附和降解),前者主要包括乳酸菌及酵母,以菌体吸附的方式,对黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、赭曲霉毒素、T2毒素、伏马毒素B1、展青霉素等真菌毒素的脱除效果较好;后者则集中体现在红球菌、芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌及酵母,依靠微生物代谢的方式对上述毒素进行降解。通过对研究报道的归纳和总结,概述了常见的真菌毒素脱除菌株及其代谢机制的研究进展,以及其在农产品真菌毒素脱毒方面的创新性变革。 相似文献
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低温等离子体是一种新型非热加工技术。与传统降解方法相比,该技术具有诸多潜在优势,如环保、高效、低成本等,故而近年来将其用于降解食品中真菌毒素的研究已逐步增多。本文系统地阐述了该研究方向的最新进展,对国内外利用该技术降解真菌毒素的研究现状进行了总结,从活性物质和降解产物两方面分析了其潜在机制,并简要介绍了关于降解产物毒性评价的研究内容。然而,低温等离子体处理的有效成分和确切作用机理尚不完全清楚,已研究的食品种类也较少。未来进一步的研究应着眼于突破这些瓶颈,为低温等离子体技术的推广应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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QuEChERS在食品中真菌毒素检测的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
真菌毒素是重要的食品安全危害因子,建立高通量真菌毒素分析方法将有效降低人群的真菌毒素暴露风险,而实现复杂基质中多种真菌毒素的联合提取是建立这类分析技术的前提保证。QuEChERS是集快速(quick)、简单(easy)、便宜(cheap)、有效(effective)、可靠(rugged)、安全(safe)于一体前处理技术的简称,本文通过介绍QuEChERS技术的原理和近年来该技术在真菌毒素分析领域的应用,针对真菌毒素的理化性质和样品基质特点,探讨了QuEChERS技术中不同提取液和净化剂的优缺点和适用范围,分析该技术在提取净化过程中存在的问题,提出了改进思路,并展望今后QuEChERS技术在多真菌毒素联合分析的发展趋势。 相似文献
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Occurrence,prevention and remediation of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in silage: a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Eva Wambacq Ilse Vanhoutte Kris Audenaert Leen De Gelder Geert Haesaert 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2016,96(7):2284-2302
Ruminants are considered to be less sensitive towards mycotoxins than monogastric animals because rumen microbiota have mycotoxin‐detoxifying capacities. Therefore the effect of mycotoxins towards ruminants has been studied to a lesser extent compared with monogastric animals. Worldwide, a high proportion of the ruminant diet consists of silages made of forage crops (i.e. all parts of the crop above the stubble are harvested). In practice, silages are often contaminated with multiple mycotoxins. Exposure to a cocktail of mycotoxins can hamper animal production and have severe health consequences. In this article the different aspects associated with mycotoxin contamination of silage are reviewed ‘from seed to feed’. An overview is given on the occurrence of toxigenic fungal species and their concomitant mycotoxins in forage crops before and after ensiling. The mycotoxin load of visually non‐mouldy samples and mouldy hot spots within the same silo is also compared. Subsequently, this review delves into different problem‐solving strategies. A logical first step is prevention of mould growth and mycotoxin production in the field, during harvest and during ensiling. If prevention should fail, several remediation strategies are available. These are listed, mainly focusing on the possibilities of microbial degradation of mycotoxins in vivo in silage. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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UPLC-ESI-MS-MS结合QuEChERS同时测定柑橘中的4 种真菌毒素 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
建立同时检测柑橘中链格孢酚甲基乙醚、交链孢酚、腾毒素和橘青霉素4 种真菌毒素的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-质谱分析方法。待测样品经乙腈提取,无水MgSO4和NaCl脱水盐析,C18键合相分散萃取净化,以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18液相色谱柱为分离柱,以0.1%甲酸溶液和乙腈作为流动相梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源电离、多反应监测模式条件下进行测定,外标法定量。该方法在5.0~200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R2)不小于0.992 7,检出限为0.2~0.7 μg/kg。3 个不同加标水平的平均回收率为78.0%~103.3%,相对标准偏差为2.6%~10.6%。结果表明,该方法快速、准确、灵敏,适用于柑橘中4 种真菌毒素残留的快速确证检测。 相似文献
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《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2013,30(6):922-933
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium which frequently contaminate maize and grain cereals. Mycotoxin-contaminated feed endangers animal health and leads to economic losses in animal production. Several mycotoxin elimination strategies, including the use of commercially available DON and ZEN detoxifying agents, have been developed. However, frequently there is no scientific proof of the efficacy of such adsorbents and degrading products. We therefore tested 20 commercially available products claiming to detoxify DON and/or ZEN either by biodegradation (4 products) or a combination of degradation and adsorption (16 products) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at approx. pH 7. Under the applied conditions, a complete reduction of DON and consequent formation of the known non-toxic metabolite DOM-1 was exclusively observed in samples taken from the anaerobic degradation experiment of one product. For all other products, incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, a maximum DON reduction of 17% after 72 h of incubation was detected. Aerobic and anaerobic incubation of only one tested product resulted in complete ZEN reduction as well as in the formation of the less-toxic metabolites DHZEN and HZEN. With this product, 68–97% of the toxin was metabolised within 3 h. After 24 h, a ZEN reduction ≥ 60% was obtained with four additional products during aerobic incubation only. Six of the 20 investigated products produced α- and/or β-ZEL, which are metabolites showing similar oestrogenic activity compared to ZEN. Aerobic and anaerobic degradation to unknown metabolites with unidentified toxicity was obtained with 10 and 3 products, respectively. The results of our study demonstrate the importance of in vitro experiments to critically screen agents claiming mycotoxin detoxification. 相似文献