谷氨酰胺对运动机体的影响

谷氨酰胺是人体内重要的氨基酸，与运动能力有密切的联系。机体运动对谷氨酰胺代谢的影响与运动持续时间、运动强度、运动方式等因素有关，短时间运动能使血浆谷氨酰胺浓度升高，长时间耐力运动则使之含量下降。长时间耐力性运动导致的血浆谷氨酰胺含量的降低可能引起耐力运动中蛋白质分解代谢失常、氨转运清除率下降以及运动后机体免疫功能下降等。     

补糖与持续性耐力运动

糖是人体最重要的供能物质,能在任何运动场合参与ATP合成.在持续性耐力运动中,机体糖原的消耗和血糖水平的降低是造成运动性疲劳的重要因素之一.通过补糖不仅节省对机体糖原贮备的利用,还可维持血糖水平相对恒定,从而提高运动能力.故在持续性耐力运动中,科学补糖是非常重要的.     

不同强度的运动对心脏的影响

长期系统的中低强度有氧运动有利于机体正常功能的发挥与改善，使机体能产生良好的适应性改变。而一次性力竭运动或长期过度训练则能导致机体水平的下降，在不同程度上损害机体正常功能发挥。要发挥运动对心脏影响的积极作用，关键在于掌握运动的负荷与强度，根据个人体质与机能状况，掌握运动的负荷量，合理安排运动时间。     

浅谈运动饮料

当人体进行运动时,会由于体内糖的大量消耗、脱水和电解质的流失,而诱发疲劳,使运动能力下降.在运动前、中、后以适宜的运动饮料对运动员进行补液,可以改善体内代谢过程,提高运动能力,推迟运动性疲劳的出现和加速疲劳的恢复.     

铬代谢对人体健康及运动的影响

探讨铬代谢对人体健康及运动的影响.结果表明,微量元素铬在人体代谢中起着重要的作用,可促进胰岛素的生物学功能,同时控制着氨基酸,但铬能影响糖耐量和引起血脂代谢紊乱,引起疾病.运动过程中糖和脂代谢可导致人体铬贮备能力的增加和铬缺乏,从而导致机体对铬需求的增加,铬补充对运动员肌肉力量、瘦体重可产生较好影响.     

脑内多巴胺与运动能力

本文综述了文献对运动与脑内多巴胺（DA）释放的研究。多数研究认为运动中脑内DA的释放和分解与运动强度有关,并且有一个运动强度的阈值。运动过程中DA合成和分解代谢的增加或不足均可导致运动能力的下降。DA代谢平衡的维持,有利于机体的运动。过度的DA释放可能是脑的一种保护性反应;持续的DA释放可能导致脑化学性损伤的发生。     

补糖对机体运动能力的影响

糖是运动过程中的基本能源物质,对于运动能力的维持有着极其重要的作用,合理的补糖可提高机体的运动能力.从补糖的类型、方式及时间对机体运动能力的影响作一综述,以便更深入地研究糖与运动之间的关系.     

正确合理地消除运动性疲劳策略浅探

运动性疲劳是指由于运动过程中机体生理生化的改变导致人体运动能力暂时下降的现象.如果疲劳长期积累而不能被清除,就会发展成为过度疲劳,危害人体的健康;还可能导致运动损伤,影响运动员成绩的提高.介绍了运动性疲劳产生的原因和部位,提出了预防队员运动性疲劳的注意事项以及消除运动性疲劳的几种方法.     

补充几丁聚糖对力竭小鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢及运动能力的影响

目的：昆明（KM）小鼠灌服几丁聚糖六周后观察力竭游泳以后小鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢水平和ATP酶活性的变化,探讨几丁聚糖保护骨骼肌、提高机体抗疲劳能力的作用,为几丁聚糖在运动领域里的应用提供实验依据。方法：KM小鼠随机分为安静组、力竭组、药物组。安静组正常饲养,药物组按0.33g/kg/d灌服几丁聚糖,六周后力竭组和药物组进行力竭游泳实验,记录游泳至力竭时间,并测定骨骼肌丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPH-Px）、Na-^＋K-^＋-ATPP酶和Ca-^2＋Mg-^2＋ATP酶的活性。结果：（1）补充几丁聚糖可延长小鼠游泳至力竭时间;（2）小鼠力竭游泳后骨骼肌MDA含量显著升高,SOD、GPH-Px、Na-^＋K-^＋ATP酶及Ca-^2＋Mg-^2＋ATP酶活性均显著下降;（3）药物组力竭运动后骨骼肌MDA含量显著低于力竭组,SOD和GSH-Px活性显著高于力竭组,骨骼肌Na-^＋K-^＋ATP酶和Ca-^2＋Mg-^2＋ATP酶活性均显著高于力竭组。结论：几丁聚糖具有阻止骨骼肌脂质过氧化,提高骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性和骨骼肌膜功能的作用,并能明显延长小鼠游泳至力竭时间,具有提高机体抗疲劳能力的作用。     

补充精氨酸对力竭性运动后氨代谢与免疫功能的影响

为进一步探讨精氨酸(Arg)对运动后机体氨代谢和免疫功能的影响及其机制。建立力竭性运动实验模型,将26名田径运动员随机分为Arg组和对照组,Arg组按100 mg/d·kg体重的量补充Arg,对照组补充同样计量的安慰剂,低糖膳食连续3天,第4天安排力竭性运动测试并静脉穿刺抽血采集样本。数据统计显示,受试者无损伤现象,通过补充Arg可以降低血氨的浓度和增长速度,并且在运动后有利于氨的清除,能减少嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱细胞变化,降低淋巴细胞数量。研究结论认为补充Arg能够明显降低血氨水平和提高机体免疫功能应答能力,在运动训练中,可以将补充Arg作为一个调节新陈代谢的手段。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.