不同碳源TiC/Ti复合材料的显微组织及力学性能

采用原位熔铸法制备了不同TiC添加量以及不同碳源(碳粉末、碳纤维和碳纳米管)的TiC/Ti复合材料,研究了TiC添加量和碳源种类对铸态和锻态TiC/Ti复合材料显微组织的影响,并对不同碳源制备的铸态和锻态复合材料进行了断裂韧性和室温压缩性能测试。结果发现,TiC/Ti复合材料主要由α-Ti和TiC组成;α片层宽度随着TiC体积分数的增加逐渐下降,TiC呈条状或片状。经过锻造,TiC呈近等轴状,α片层进一步细化。以碳粉末作为原位反应碳源制备的铸态TiC/Ti复合材料,断裂韧性较高,以碳纤维和碳纳米管作为碳源时,断裂韧性较低;以不同碳源制备的铸态复合材料,室温抗压强度和屈服强度无明显差异。     

掺杂镧对Ni-Si甲烷裂解催化剂性能影响的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ni-Si催化剂,采用XRD,SEM,HRTEM等技术对催化剂的结构与物性进行了表征,并在微型固定床反应器中考察了甲烷的催化裂解性能,同时考察了稀土La丑对催化剂的甲烷催化裂解性能的影响.结果表明,掺杂稀土La提高了催化剂结晶度,促进了活性中心Ni的表面偏析,同时有利于产物碳物在Ni颗粒表面的扩散和径向迁移,促进均匀细长碳纳米管的形成,提高了催化剂的甲烷催化裂解活性和热稳定性,750℃时氢气生成率达90%,700℃下老化12 h后仍具有较高的催化裂解活性.     

催化剂对碳纳米管制备的影响

碳纳米管的制备过程中,催化剂作为C源和能量的提供者对碳纳米管的结构和产量起着非常重要的作用.本文从催化剂的种类、催化剂在不同温度下、催化剂颗粒的大小、催化剂载体、催化剂的不同配比、基底材料等因素对碳纳米管生长的影响进行一些浅析.     

催化热解聚丙烯塑料制备纳米碳管

以聚丙烯母粒为原料,纳米镍粉为催化剂,催化热分解法制备了碳纳米管。应用X—射线衍射、透射电镜对制备的纳米碳管进行了粒度测定、形貌观察。纳米碳管为丝状缠绕在一起,直径在20~30 nm之间,纳米碳管的d002值为0.338,具有较高的可石墨化度。应用热重分析方法准确测定了纳米碳管和无定形碳等碳杂质分离的煅烧温度。本实验得到的纳米碳管在600~730℃区间相对稳定,氧化温度大于730℃,则纳米碳管被氧化。     

利用纤维型碳源制备高性能磷酸铁锂

介绍了一种利用新型纤维型碳源制备锂离子电池磷酸铁锂正极材料的方法,与常规碳源相比,纤维型碳源可以在较低的温度下、较短的时间内有效地对磷酸铁锂粉体进行碳包覆,提高电子电导率,从而提高整体电化学性能.该方法具有碳源来源广泛,成本较低;烧结温度较低及烧结时间缩短,节省能源;所制备正极材料性能优异,适用于大规模工业化生产.     

氨化反应自组装GaN纳米线

通过氨化射频溅射工艺生长的纳米Ga2O3薄膜，在石英衬底上反应自组装生成了高质量的GaN纳米线。用x射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和高分辨电镜(HRTEM)对样品的组分、形貌和结构进行了分析。生成的GaN纳米线平直光滑，其直径为20～120nm，长可达50μm；纳米线为高质量的单晶六方纤锌矿GaN，沿[110]方向生长。用此工艺制备GaN纳米线，简单新颖，不需要模板或催化剂的辅助作用。     

基于单胞结构的2.5D碳纤维织物增强复合材料等效热导率

采用有限元法分别建立碳纤维束微观结构模型和2.5D碳纤维织物增强碳基复合材料单胞结构模型,计算稳态热边界条件下的碳纤维束等效热导率和碳基复合材料等效热导率,研究碳纤维直径和单丝间距对碳纤维束轴向、径向热导率及碳基复合材料沿厚度方向热导率的影响。结果表明,基体碳的热导率介于碳纤维的径向热导率和轴向热导率之间;纤维束横截面积一定时,随碳纤维直径增大,纤维束轴向热导率升高,径向热导率降低,碳基复合材料沿厚度方向热导率降低;随单丝间距增加,纤维束轴向热导率降低,径向热导率升高,碳基复合材料沿厚度方向热导率升高。     

生产单壁碳纳米管催化剂研究进展

简要评述了化学气相淀积法和催化裂解一氧化碳、甲烷和乙烯等气体生产单壁碳纳米管用催化剂以及大规模廉价生产碳纳米管的工艺研究进展。     

纳米氧化锌生长研究获进展

中科院力学所科研人员利用气相沉积的方法，成功合成了多种形貌的微纳米氧化锌材料，比如纳米线、纳米棒、纳米锥、四足纳米氧化锌等，还实现了纳米氧化锌在碳纳米管上的直接生长，并制备出多种独特形貌的氧化锌微纳米材料，通过这种方法合成出来的材料具有很强的发光性能和催化活性。     

甲烷气氛中铁精矿粉闪速还原行为研究

高炉炼铁工艺存在流程长、能耗高以及强烈依赖冶金焦等问题,发展绿色低碳的非高炉炼铁工艺对钢铁生产具有重大意义。本文采用超级铁精矿粉进行了甲烷闪速还原试验,考察还原温度及甲烷体积分数对金属化率的影响,研究铁精矿粉在试验条件下的闪速还原行为,并对还原产物微观形貌进行观察,分析闪速还原机理。结果表明：还原温度为1 550 K、甲烷体积分数7.5%、还原时间为5.49 s时,矿粉金属化率可达90.0%;还原温度的升高及甲烷体积分数的增加提高了矿粉的金属化率;甲烷在还原过程中发生裂解,生成的固体碳在还原产物表面沉积,促进铁氧化物的还原和金属铁的渗碳;渗碳过程降低了金属铁的熔点,还原产物由不规则形状向球型转变;矿粉内部为致密的铁层包裹着未反应的铁氧化物的结构,在FeO/Fe界面处FeO的还原主要是由铁中的固溶碳[C]完成。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.