高强硼泥页岩陶粒的研制

对硼泥、油页岩渣、粉煤灰、粘接剂等主要原料的化学成分进行了分析,设计了制备高强硼泥页岩陶粒轻集料的配方。在试验的基础上参考相关资料制定了高强硼泥页岩陶粒轻集料制备工艺参数,并进行了不同控制温度的焙烧试验。通过基础试验确定了制备高强硼泥页岩陶粒轻集料的合理配方和最佳的焙烧制度,生产出了符合现行国家标准的高强硼泥页岩陶粒。     

粉煤灰包壳免烧轻质陶粒

我国于５０年代后期开始研制粘土陶粒,其后,页岩陶粒、粉煤灰陶粒、煤矸石陶粒、大颗粒膨胀珍珠岩轻集料和超轻陶粒等人造轻集料相继出现。这些材料或多或少存在能耗高强度低等缺点。为此,我们研制开发了以轻骨料为核,以粉煤灰为壳的壳—核结构免烧轻质陶粒。这种陶粒...     

高强淤泥陶粒轻集料的性能与制备技术

在系统分析淤泥理化性质的基础上,研究了最高烧结温度对淤泥陶粒性能的影响.研究结果表明,所用南京市九龙湖地区的湖泊淤泥的化学成分在Riley膨胀区范围内,矿物组成合理,粒度较细,有利于陶粒生料在高温下产生气体,形成体积膨胀,具备烧制淤泥陶粒的基本条件.淤泥陶粒的堆积密度、表观密度、吸水率和筒压强度均受到最高烧制温度的显著影响.在1050℃时烧制的淤泥陶粒筒压强度为6.65 MPa,属于高强陶粒轻集料;高温烧结后陶粒的矿物组成发生明显变化;最高烧结温度对淤泥陶粒显微形貌的影响主要表现为微孔数目的变化.     

高强页岩粉煤灰陶粒混凝土配合比研究

黑龙江省有着丰富的页岩资源 ,生产超轻页岩陶粒 ,高强页岩陶粒。超轻页岩陶粒主要用于高层建筑围护结构、超轻陶粒混凝土砌块。然而 ,高强页岩陶粒能否配制出结构保温和结构用页岩粉煤灰陶粒混凝土。本文以此种混凝土配合比进行初步研究。1　原材料性能1 .1　水泥　哈尔滨水泥厂产 52 5号普通硅酸盐水泥。1 .2　砂　松花江江砂 :中砂 ,细度模数为 2 .31 ,堆积密度 1 480 kg/ m3。1 .3　陶粒　选用黑龙江省穆棱产 70 0密度等级的页岩陶粒 ,其主要技术性能见表 1、表 2。　　　 表 1　页岩陶粒的颗粒组成陶粒种类颗　粒　组　成 (% )<5mm5～ …     

高阻抗高抗渗混凝土及其微结构特征

采用正交设计方法研究了矿物掺合料(粉煤灰和矿渣微粉)、轻集料(页岩陶砂)和聚合物(聚乙烯醇可再分散性乳胶粉)复合使用对混凝土电阻率和抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,上述材料对混凝土电阻率的影响效果由大到小的顺序依次为:聚合物、矿物掺合料、轻集料,对抗氯离子渗透性能的影响效果由大到小的顺序依次为:轻集料、矿物掺合料、聚合物。当矿物掺合料取代30%的水泥(质量分数),且其中粉煤灰和矿渣微粉质量比为3:7,轻集料取代河砂的体积率为30%,聚合物掺量为胶凝材料总质量的1.5%时,混凝土具有最佳的高阻抗和高抗渗特性。3种功能材料复掺明显提高了混凝土密实程度,优化了混凝土的界面过渡区,并且聚合物在水泥石和集料界面能够成膜,从而使得混凝土具有高阻抗和高抗渗的特性。     

石英粉、矿粉对压蒸高强混凝土强度和界面显微硬度的影响

采用单掺和双掺石英粉、矿粉制备压蒸养高强混凝土,研究了混凝土的抗压强度、界面显微硬度及其水化产物的微观形貌.结果表明:在高压蒸汽养护下石英粉与矿粉一样也有火山灰活性,单掺与双掺石英粉、矿粉对混凝土抗压强度的规律不同,这取决于其内部显微结构.双掺可使压蒸养高强混凝土界面过渡区的水泥石结构更加致密,同时使得界面过渡区和本体的水泥石性质趋于均匀.     

高性能轻集料混凝土的力学性能研究

为了系统地研究高性能轻集料混凝土的力学结构特性、影响混凝土力学性能的各项因素和配制技术.测试了高强页岩陶粒轻集料的筒压强度、吸水率、粒径、级配和表面形态等基本性能.研究了该轻集料和其他组分的力学性能关系.针对优选配制的高性能轻集料混凝土,测试其轴心抗压强度和静弹性模量等典型力学性能.结果表明:该高性能轻集料混凝土28 d立方体抗压强度达到57.8 MPa、轴心抗压强度达到49.8 MPa、劈拉强度达到3.6MPa、抗折强度达到6 MPa、静弹性模量高达34.5 GPa.掌握了制备高性能轻集料混凝土的关键技术和方法.     

高强轻集料混凝土力学性能试验研究

本文采用页岩陶粒，掺入粉煤灰和高效减水剂配制高强轻集科混凝土，试验研究水胶比、砂率和粉煤灰取代率对轻集科混凝土力学性能和表观密度的影响，并得出了一个合理的轻集料混凝土配合比。结果表明：轻集料混凝土强度与水胶比成反比；而对于砂率和粉煤灰取代率，存在一个最优的砂率和粉煤灰取代率。     

混合集料混凝土力学性能试验研究

试验采用碎石和高强页岩陶粒配制不同集料组成的混合集料混凝土并研究其力学性能。试验表明:混合集料混凝土的抗劈拉强度、弹性模量和表观密度随碎石取代率增加而增大,最佳碎石取代率80%时混凝土抗压强度和比强度达到最高。     

页岩陶粒预湿处理对轻集料混凝土的强度和抗冻性的影响

研究了页岩陶粒经不同程度预湿处理后轻集料混凝土强度和抗冻性(采用快冻法)的变化规律,研究结果表明：随着页岩陶粒预湿程度的增加,轻集料混凝土早期强度明显降低,后期强度变化不大,而强度增长率明显增大。随着页岩陶粒预湿程度的增加,轻集料混凝土的抗冻性有所降低,但仍能满足300次冻融循环要求。煮沸处理的页岩陶粒混凝土,含气量为4％时,经300次冻融循环,相对动弹性模量仍达85％以上;提高含气量达5％时,页岩陶粒预湿程度对轻集料混凝土的抗冻性的影响不大。同时对抗冻机理做了初步探讨。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.