用超快速冷却新工艺生产GCr15轴承钢

 通过对GCr15轴承钢高温终轧后进行冷却速度大于100 ℃/s的超快速冷却试验,研究了轧后不同冷却工艺制度对组织形态和网状碳化物的影响,结果表明,高温终轧后进行超快速冷却可抑制网状碳化物析出,发生伪共析转变而得到细片层间距的珠光体型组织——索氏体,并促进珠光体形核和减小碳原子扩散能力,达到细化晶粒的目的,得到利于球化退火的预备组织。     

提高GCr15轴承钢线材预精轧温度的研究

 通过提高GCr15轴承钢φ10mm线材预精轧温度的工业试验,得到了网状碳化物少的细片状珠光体组织,利用实验室热模拟的方法对工业试验现象做了进一步分析。结果表明：当预精轧温度为944℃时,试验钢网状碳化物的析出时刻全部处于快速冷却阶段,球化退火后渗碳体颗粒均匀细小,网状级别可降低至1.5级,布氏硬度为202.72,强韧性能均较高,满足GB/T18254－2002《高碳铬轴承钢》和实际生产对GCr15轴承钢退火材的要求。     

GCr15带状碳化物的检验

为了快速准确检测出GCr15碳化物带状,并进行评级。本文对GCr15带状碳化物的形成过程进行了阐释,找出了检验过程中的重点部位;并通过试验对球化退火处理和未经球化退火后的试样进行比较,结果表明经球化退火试样要比未经球化退火试样带状评级要高约0.5级,从而提出可在未球化退火试样上对GCr15带状碳化物进行评级,简化了GCr15检验前的热处理工艺,提高了工作效率,降低了热处理加工成本。     

高碳铬轴承钢棒材轧后快速冷却工艺的研究

高碳铬轴承钢热轧后利用轧后余热进行快速冷却,对于控制网状碳化物的析出,获得理想的球化退火预备组织,缩短退火周期,提高球化退火质量是一种有效的手段。本文研究了高碳铬轴承钢轧后快冷过程中钢材内部组织的变化和表面裂纹的情况及其影响因素。为实现轴承钢轧后快速冷却工艺和装置提供技术参数。     

预变形上贝氏体组织对GCr15轴承钢球化退火质量的影响

对GCr15轴承钢的预变形上贝氏体组织形态以及不同形变量的预变形上贝氏体组织对球化退火质量的影响进行了分析,并提出了最佳的球化退火工艺。     

轴承钢GCr15棒材产品低温精轧的研究

采用国外引进的可实现低温精轧的生产线，对轴承钢GCr15棒材产品进行了低温精轧，通过低温精轧降低了网状碳化物级别，减少了球化退火时间。研究得到了低温精轧轧制GCr15时以控制网状碳化物级别为目标的轧制温度范围为750～840℃，轧后冷却温度范围为600～680℃，同时也研究得到了低温精轧轧制GCr15时以控制网状碳化物级别及减少球化退火时间为目标的轧制温度范围为750～800℃，轧后冷却温度范围为600～680℃。通过该研究网状碳化物级别达到了2级以下，球化退火时间由原18h减少到了11h。     

HOE 400/250罩式炉等温球化退火对GCr15轴承钢硬度和组织的影响

对比分析了 GCr15轴承钢780 15-20°C/h炉冷至660°C的普通连续球化退火和780°C加热,30 °C/h冷却至720 °C 2 h再以20 °C/h炉冷至660 °C的等温球化退火后钢的硬度和组织。结果表明,在相同退火时 间条件下,采用连续球化退火工艺GCr15钢的HB硬度值为184 - 202,球化组织级别为2.0-3.5,采用优化的等温 球化退火工艺,GCr15钢HB硬度值为191 -198,球化组织级别为2.0 ~2.5,取得较好的效果。     

辊底式连续退火炉轴承钢球化退火工艺试验与生产实践总结

前言轴承的使用寿命不仅取决于轴承钢的纯洁度,也取决于碳化物的分散度。因此,轴承钢的球化退火组织的优劣,对轴承的疲劳强度、韧性、耐磨性等性能有着重要的影响。球化组织中均匀、细小的碳化物,可减     

RODR1500辊底式连续退火炉生产实践

前言轴承钢的质量是影响轴承寿命的主要因素,轴承成品的碳化物形态直接依赖于成品淬火前球化退火所得到的组织,所以球化退火一直被认为是轴承钢生产工序中的重要环节。目前,我国轴承钢材球化退火质量与国     

GCr15冷拉材异常组织

1.前言GCr15冷拉材是制造轴承滚动体、内燃机喷油咀等部件的基本材料,要求碳化物完全球化。在冷拉GCr15成品钢材中,有时出现球化组织异常,碳化物未完全球化,存在部分珠光体。这种珠光体既不象因球化退火温     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.