慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴哮喘患者鼻内镜围手术期临床观察

目的：探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴哮喘患者鼻内镜围手术期处理,以减少并发症及不良事件的发生,提高治愈率。方法：对152例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴哮喘患者鼻内镜围手术期的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：经过规范的围手术期治疗,全部患者术前哮喘控制情况良好,116例患者术毕返回病房后13例哮喘不同程度发作;35例术毕直接送往ICU观察24~48h,返回病房后1例哮喘急性发作;1例术毕拔管后即刻出现哮喘发作;以上患者经治疗后均好转。术后随访1年,恢复良好。结论：应充分认识慢性鼻-鼻窦炎与哮喘的密切关系,规范围手术期处理,掌握哮喘急性发作时的处理原则。只要做好充分围手术期准备,伴哮喘的鼻内镜手术是安全的,并可有良好的疗效。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎-鼻息肉伴哮喘患者鼻内镜围手术期药物治疗

目的 探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎-鼻息肉(CRSwNP)伴支气管哮喘患者鼻内镜围手术期药物治疗原则及效果。方法 收集2010年6月至2013年12月山东大学齐鲁医院耳鼻咽喉科收治的109例CRSwNP伴支气管哮喘患者行鼻内镜手术(ESS)的临床资料。术前均对哮喘进行全面评估, 哮喘完全控制6个月后行ESS手术治疗, 围手术期采用雾化吸入及全身糖皮质激素等药物治疗。结果 围手术期无哮喘急性发作, 仅1例患者术后第2天因口服镇痛剂出现喘息;术后随访1~3年, 采用鼻内镜检查并行ESS临床疗效评估, 病情完全控制者5例(4.59%), 病情部分控制者94例(86.24%), 病情未控制10例(9.17%);仅1例术后13个月因股骨头坏死行手术治疗。结论 全面细致的哮喘病情评估和ESS围手术期药物治疗有利于防止围手术期哮喘发作及控制术后CRSwNP患者鼻息肉复发, 有利于提高手术疗效。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉伴支气管哮喘的围手术期治疗

目的探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)、鼻息肉伴有支气管哮喘患者的围手术期治疗。方法对72例伴有支气管哮喘的CRS、鼻息肉患者行鼻内镜下鼻窦功能性手术(FESS),观察不同麻醉下术中及术后哮喘发作情况并给予相应的治疗。结果局麻下30例手术患者中5例术中出现一过性焦虑、呼吸不畅,但无哮喘发作;3例术后轻度哮喘发作;全麻下42例手术患者术中均平稳,4例术后哮喘发作,其中1例哮喘持续状态,经治疗后好转。结论伴有哮喘的鼻-鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者行FESS手术是必要、安全的。     

鼻内镜手术对成人慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴哮喘患者疗效的影响

目的　分析并探讨鼻内镜手术对成人慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS）伴哮喘患者疗效的影响。方法　采用前瞻性对照分组设计,对我院诊断为CRS并接受鼻内镜手术治疗的325例患者依入组标准选择92例患者进行跟踪随访,于术前、术后评估所有患者鼻部和哮喘各指标变化情况。结果　共92例完成3个月随访,90例完成12个月随访。鼻内镜手术后鼻部总体症状和鼻塞、流涕的视觉模拟量表评分以及鼻内镜Lund-Kennedy评分均明显改善,喷嚏、嗅功能、头面部疼痛视觉模拟量表评分结果也有不同程度改善。伴哮喘患者鼻内镜手术后哮喘控制测试评分在术后明显升高,而肺功能各指标变化无统计学差异。结论　以鼻内镜手术为中心的综合治疗对成人CRS伴哮喘患者的鼻部症状改善和减少用药量有显著作用;短期内鼻内镜手术对提高哮喘患者哮喘控制水平和减少哮喘用药量有积极作用。     

主客观评估对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者围手术期鼻塞的指导作用

目的　探讨术前主、客观评估对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）患者围手术期鼻塞处理的指导作用。方法　对以鼻塞为主诉的CRS患者,因收治在医师组不同,而被分为实验组和对照组。术前两组患者均采用视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）、鼻阻力及鼻声反射对鼻塞进行主、客观评估,并行鼻内镜及鼻窦CT检查评估鼻-鼻窦情况。实验组围手术期严格依据主、客观评估采取个体化处理,对照组仅依据术者的临床经验进行处理。术后6个月和1年随访。结果　术前两组患者鼻塞VAS评分、总鼻阻力间相比,差异均无统计学意义（P 均>0.05）。术后6个月及1年,两组患者鼻塞VAS评分、总鼻阻力间相比,差异均有统计学意义（P 均<0.05）。两组患者术后6个月及1年分别与术前相比,各评分间均有统计学意义（P 均<0.05）。术后两组患者疗效评估相比,差异均有统计学意义（P 均<0.05）。结论　术前鼻塞主、客观评估,不仅可用于CRS鼻塞症状严重程度及治疗效果的评估,两者综合应用并结合鼻内镜及鼻窦CT检查可指导CRS围手术期的个体化诊断和治疗,改善CRS患者鼻塞症状及提高其疗效。     

鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎575例疗效分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）的疗效。方法对575例CRS患者按照海口标准分型,其中I型204例,Ⅱ型281例,Ⅲ型90例。术前进行围手术期处理,采用鼻内镜手术,术后进行综合治疗,随访6个月以上,根据海口疗效标准进行评估。结果Ⅰ型治愈率为92．6％（189／204）,Ⅱ型治愈率为73．0％（205／281）,Ⅲ型治愈率为53．3％（48／90）,3型之间比较治愈率有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后眶纸样板损伤11例,鼻腔粘连76例,术中大出血5例,进行相应处理后全部治愈。结论术前病情评估、准确的临床分型和围手术期及术后综合治疗,是提高治愈率的重要因素。     

慢性鼻及鼻窦炎术后病情迁延不愈因素分析

本文复习了近些年来国内外关于鼻内镜手术的疗效及其相关文献,对慢性鼻及鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS)术后病情迁延不愈的影响因素进行分析,患者的鼻纤毛功能、免疫状态、感染及围手术期治疗等是影响CRS治疗效果的主要因素.     

修正性鼻内镜手术治疗复发性 慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的临床分析

目的探讨修正性鼻内镜手术治疗复发性慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的临床疗效分析。方法回顾性分析2011年1月~2016年1月收治的68例复发性慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的临床资料，所有患者均在鼻内镜下行规范化修正性手术，并在围手术期进行规范化的综合处理，对患者进行术后12个月以上随访，观察其对临床疗效的影响。结果68例复发性慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者术后1年，不伴鼻息肉41例,总有效率为90.2%,伴鼻息肉27例，总有效率为81%，均未发生严重眶内及颅内并发症。结论鼻内镜手术疗效显著，具有十分重要的临床意义。     

慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜手术后嗅觉障碍的临床转归

目的探讨慢性鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS)经鼻内镜手术后嗅觉障碍的转归及相关因素。方法采用TT标准嗅觉测试法对77例(134侧)CRS患者在鼻内镜手术前以及术后1个月、3个月和6个月分别进行嗅觉功能测试,将测试结果进行统计学分析。结果 70例(125侧)CRS患者完成了随访。鼻内镜手术前104侧(83.2%)存在不同程度的嗅觉障碍,术后1个月、3个月和6个月嗅觉障碍分别减少至84侧(67.2%)、82侧(65.6%)和84侧(67.2%)。患者鼻内镜手术后的嗅觉功能较术前明显改善(P0.001),而术后1个月、3个月和6个月的平均嗅阈无显著差异(P0.05)。至术后6个月随访结束时,嗅觉恢复正常20侧(19.2%)、好转53侧(51.0%)、不变29侧(27.9%)、加重2侧(1.9%),总改善率为70.2%。其中,不伴鼻息肉的CRS患者嗅觉恢复最好,改善率80.0%(28/35);伴鼻息肉但未累及嗅裂者次之,改善率73.3%(33/45);嗅裂息肉患者的嗅觉恢复较差,改善率50.0%(12/24)。CRS不伴鼻息肉与息肉未累及嗅裂者进行比较,术后嗅觉恢复无统计学差异(P0.05);而二者分别与嗅裂息肉患者进行比较,术后嗅觉恢复均有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论鼻内镜手术对CRS患者的嗅觉障碍有明显改善作用。在手术彻底清除炎性病变、解除嗅裂阻塞的基础上,更应注重对嗅区嗅黏膜的保护;同时,规范化的围手术期处理和术后定期随访也显得十分重要。     

慢性鼻及鼻窦炎术后病情迁延不愈因素分析

本文复习了近些年来国内外关于鼻内镜手术的疗效及其相关文献,对慢性鼻及鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS)术后病情迁延不愈的影响因素进行分析,患者的鼻纤毛功能、免疫状态、感染及围手术期治疗等是影响CRS治疗效果的主要因素.     

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉与哮喘的相关性机制及治疗策略研究进展

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)和哮喘作为上下呼吸道最具代表性的慢性炎症性疾病，二者在发病过程中常相互并存，临床诊治棘手。目前对CRSwNP和哮喘的相互作用机制尚未阐明。欧洲鼻窦炎鼻息肉诊疗指南(EPOS 2012)对治疗CRSwNP伴或不伴哮喘已给出具体的指导意见，其常规治疗包括鼻用糖皮质激素、生理盐水洗鼻等，并进一步根据CRSwNP的特点、症状严重程度等进行后续的联合治疗。据报道，鼻窦手术和药物治疗CRSwNP对合并支气管哮喘的转归有益。但CRSwNP合并哮喘患者经药物与手术治疗后的疗效判定尚缺乏足够的随机对照试验证据。     

鼻内镜术前麻醉诱发支气管哮喘急性发作3例

目的 :分析鼻内镜术前麻醉诱发支气管哮喘急性发作的原因 ,以提高对伴有哮喘的慢性鼻窦炎患者的围手术期治疗重要性的认识。方法 :对鼻内镜术前麻醉诱发支气管哮喘急性发作的 3例患者进行回顾性分析 ,并复习相关文献。结果 :3例患者均缺乏系统的围手术期治疗 ,且伴有机体的高反应状态和低代偿的肺功能 ,可能因使用可致敏的麻醉药物、器械以及操作刺激等因素而诱发哮喘急性发作。结论 :对此类患者要有充分认识 ,诊治及时、正确 ,规范的围手术期治疗极为重要 ,非急诊应暂缓手术 ,以避免危险性发生。     

The effects of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma: A comparative study

PurposeChronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be accompanied by asthma and, rarely by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is the most common surgical approach for CRS which also improves asthma symptoms, but little is known about its effects on COPD. This study investigates the effects of FESS on COPD and asthma symptoms in CRS patients referred to a university hospital in northern Iran.Materials and methodsIn a prospective study, patients with COPD or asthma and CRS who were candidates for FESS underwent endoscopic examination, spirometry, and evaluation of symptoms of CRS, COPD, and asthma before, and 2 and 6 months after FESS. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS software version 21 and the level of significance was considered as P < 0.05.ResultsEighty-two CRS patients (45 with asthma/ mean age: 49.24 ± 12.75 years and 37 patients with COPD/ mean age: 61.43 ± 6.93 years) enrolled. In asthmatic patients, the mean FEV1 and FVC, and ACT (Asthma Control Test) score increased significantly after FESS (P < 0.001). In COPD cases, spirometry indices decreased, but CAT (COPD Assessment Test) score improved significantly (from 15.70 to 32.11) after FESS (P < 0.001). The mean SNOT score in both groups was significantly reduced.ConclusionsIn CRS patients with COPD, FESS improves the condition of SNOT-22 and CAT, although does not increase spirometry parameters. In asthmatic patients, FESS improves pulmonary function and asthma symptoms. So both patient groups (i.e. CRS with COPD and with asthma) will benefit from FESS.     

Predictive factors and outcomes in endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis

PURPOSE: To assess objective and quality of life (QOL) outcomes before and after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and to determine preoperative factors that predict surgical outcome in these patients. METHODS: One hundred nineteen adult patients with CRS and a mean follow-up of 1.4 +/- 0.35 years were evaluated prospectively including the following patient factors: prior sinus surgery, polyps, asthma, acetylsalicylic acid intolerance (ASA), smoking, allergy, depression, and sex. Computed tomography (CT), endoscopy, and QOL assessment was performed. Predictive value of patient factors was determined based on change in endoscopy and QOL scores after ESS. RESULTS: Objective outcomes: preoperative CT scores were significantly worse in patients with polyps, asthma, and ASA, whereas CT score was unaffected by prior sinus surgery, smoking, allergy, depression, and sex. Patients with CRS demonstrated significant improvement on nasal endoscopy after ESS, but preoperative, postoperative, and change in scores were affected by certain patient factors. Endoscopy scores were significantly worse in patients with prior sinus surgery, polyps, asthma, and ASA, but these patients also experienced the greatest improvement in endoscopy scores. Smokers and patients with depression had the least change in endoscopy scores. QOL outcomes: patients with CRS experienced improvement in QOL after ESS. Pre- and postoperative QOL was positively affected by polyps and adversely affected by ASA, depression, and female sex, but these groups still experienced significant improvement in QOL scores. Pre- and postoperative QOL was unaffected by prior sinus surgery, asthma, smoking, and allergies, and all of these groups experienced significant improvement in QOL scores. Factors predictive of outcome: ASA and depression were predictive of worse outcome. Preoperative CT scores approached significance as being predictive of outcome. CONCLUSION: Surgical management of CRS was associated with significant improvement on objective and QOL measures; however, specific patient factors, in particular ASA and depression, predict poorer outcome. Preoperative CT may be a predictor of endoscopic and QOL outcome and deserves further study.     

The effects of endoscopic sinus surgery on pulmonary function in chronic rhinosinusitis patients with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Evidences showed improvements in clinical asthma outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients with asthma....     

鼻内镜治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎疗效及影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎术后疗效及影响疗效的相关因素。方法回顾性分析200例经鼻内镜手术的慢性鼻一鼻窦炎患者的临床资料,通过t检验了解术后疗效,Logistic回归模型分析影响慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者手术预后的诸因素。结果患者术后症状明显改善,相关因素分析表明慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者是否伴有鼻息肉、是否长期应用鼻减充血剂、是否有前期鼻窦手术史、是否伴变应性鼻炎病史、是否坚持鼻内镜术后的综合治疗是影响慢性鼻-鼻窦炎手术预后的相关因素。结论功能性鼻内镜手术作为治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、鼻息肉最有效的临床方法之一,能够明显地改善患者的症状,同时强调鼻内镜术后的综合治疗,包括术后随访和鼻腔清理,鼻内糖皮质激素、黏液稀化剂和抗生素的联合应用。     

Objective assessment of lower airway involvement in chronic rhinosinusitis

BACKGROUND: When associated with lower airway involvement, the morbidity and the cost of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can increase. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the clinical and radiological characteristics of the upper airways in CRS patients scheduled for functional endoscopic sinus surgery and to correlate these findings with the functional changes of the lower airways. METHODS: Twenty-five adult patients with CRS were subjected to clinical and endoscopic assessments, computed tomography scan, and allergic assessments using validated scoring systems. Lower airways were assessed by clinical history, pulmonary function test, histamine bronchial provocation test, and chest x rays. RESULTS: Sixty percent of CRS patients were shown to have associated lower airway involvement, i.e., 24% had asthma and 36% had small airway disease (SAD). Nasal congestion and nasal polyps were the most common clinical findings in both of these subgroups of patients. In addition, there was a negative correlation between computed tomography scan findings of the sinuses and the obstructive parameters on pulmonary function test in SAD but not in the asthma subgroup. CONCLUSION: These results showed that different kinds of lower airway involvement frequently could be associated with CRS. Some are manifest such as asthma and some are hidden such as SAD and histamine bronchial hyperresponsiveness.