缓冷处理对FCH95合金显微组织的影响

研究了缓冷处理过程中ＦＧＨ９５合金显微组织的变化规律，解释了双冷速缓冷处理后合金的高温流变应力降低的原因，为ＦＧＨ９５合金锻前预热处理工艺提供了依据。     

大型粉末高温合金锻件热处理过程的数值模拟

测量并推算了盘件用FGH95合金的比热容等物理性能，用反推法计算了得到了热交换系数的函数计算公式，模拟计算了FGH95粉末高温合金锻件的温度和淬火应力场，并与实测值进行了对比，结果相符。计算并实测了不同冷速下FGH95合金的力学性能。本研究结果对实际热处理工艺具有实际意义。     

我国粉末高温合金的研究现状

简要回顾了我国粉末高温合金的发展历史，概述了FGH95粉末涡轮盘，挡板的生产工艺和研究进展情况，分析了粉末高温合金中存在的缺陷以及质量控制，介绍了粉末高温合金今后的研究方向。     

挤压态FGH4096合金室温变形及临界晶粒长大研究

基于挤压态FGH4096合金圆柱和双圆锥台试样室温压缩变形及热处理实验,结合DEFORM有限元软件数值模拟,确定了挤压态FGH4096合金室温压缩临界晶粒长大的临界等效应变窗口条件,分析了挤压态FGH4096合金室温压缩临界晶粒长大机制.结果表明:挤压态FGH4096合金圆柱试样在压缩速度0.01 mm/s下的室温压缩临界等效应变窗口为0.03～0.07,双圆锥台试样在压缩速度0.05 mm/s下的室温压缩临界等效应变窗口为0.005～0.06.挤压态FGH4096合金室温压缩临界晶粒长大与合金变形量和γ'相溶解后晶界的颗粒钉扎作用消失有关,呈现为在小变形区域粗大晶粒吞噬细小晶粒的异常晶粒特征.     

挤压变形和热处理工艺对FGH95合金γ′相析出的影响

γ′(Ni3(AlTi))相强化的镍基粉末高温合金(FGH95)采用热挤压工艺可以明显改善合金晶粒大小、γ′相尺寸、分布以及碎化夹杂物,是一种优良的热加工变形的成型工艺.本工作研究FGH95合金经热等静压 热挤压 热处理工艺处理后强化相γ′的析出行为,以及对合金力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:热等静压温度升高,中等尺寸γ′相平均尺寸增大.热挤压后,热等静压态中的γ′相尺寸发生长大,改变大、中、小γ′相的数量比例.固溶热处理后冷却速度明显影响γ′相尺寸变化,盐浴冷却增加中等尺寸γ′相数量,明显改善合金高温塑性.     

不同成型工艺条件下FGH95粉末高温合金中夹杂物对材料力学性能的影响

本文研究了FGH95粉末高温舍金中夹杂物特性（成分、分类、形貌、尺寸和数量等），及与不同成型工艺的关系，同时研究了合金中夹杂物对合金拉伸、持久和疲劳断裂等力学性能的影响，并提出了制造工艺优选的建议。     

等离子旋转电极雾化FGH95高温合金原始粉末颗粒中碳化物的研究

利用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）对等离子旋转电极雾化（PREP）FGH95高温合金原始粉末颗粒中的碳化物进行研究，并分析了PREP FGH95合金原始粉末颗粒中碳化物在凝固过程中的形成机理，结果表明：粉末颗粒内部中存在MC′型碳化物及微量Laves相和M3B2相， MC′型碳化物形态有块状，条状，花朵状，草书状，粉末颗粒的冷却速率以及已凝固基体在枝晶间所产生的内应力，是导致粉末颗粒中MC′型碳化物形态多样，复杂的一个重要原因。     

FGH95粉冶高温合金涡轮盘锻造工艺研究

研究指出,FGH95合金难变形,不能采用一般的锻造工艺,必须采取慢速变形和保温措施。采用等温锻造最合适。在目前我国还没有大型等温锻造机的情况下,采用水压机包套锻造,只要保证终锻温度,严格控制变形量,可以锻出质量合格的盘件。盘件性能已达到美国同类合金Rene95的技术指标。     

真空熔炼过程ZrO_2过滤器对FGH96净化作用研究

针对粉末高温合金FGH96真空熔炼浇铸过程,进行夹杂过滤,分析在真空状态下,不同目数ZrO_2过滤器对FGH96粉末高温合金的过滤效果,通过浮渣实验观察浮渣面积有逐渐减小的趋势。通过大样电解实验,定量分析了不同孔径ZrO_2过滤器对合金的净化效果。并且通过EDS分析合金夹杂的成分。本文从多方面评价了真空熔炼过程中不同孔径ZrO_2过滤器对粉末高温合金FGH96的净化效果。     

粉末高温合金中夹杂物特性及与不同成型工艺的关系

全面研究了FGH95粉末高温合金原始粉末和粉末处理过程中夹杂物的性质(成分、分类和形貌),分析了其数量和来源,研究了夹杂物在不同成型工艺下的变形特征,讨论了解决夹杂物问题的方法.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.