CF/ABS树脂复合材料制备工艺对导电性能的影响及对屏蔽性能的理论预测

本文研究了使用溶剂法、密炼机和开炼机混炼碳纤维填充ABS树脂复合材料的导电性能,得到了纤维填充量与复合材料电阻率的关系,对其导电机理进行了分析.通过比较,发现纤维长径比是决定复合材料导电性能的重要因素,其它如纤维在基体中的分布也对复合材料导电性能有影响.最后对复合材料的屏蔽性能进行了理论计算.     

金属纤维／聚合物导电复合材料的性能研究

以铜纤维和不锈钢纤维为导电填料，分别填充了ＡＢＳ、ＨＩＰＳ和ＰＰＳ对脂基体，制得导电复合材料。研究了金属纤维含量及工艺条件对复合材料的导电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明，选择合适的工艺条件以保证金属纤维有较大的长径比并在树脂中有良好的分散状态，是制造性能优良的导电复合材料的关键。     

镀铜／镍聚丙烯腈纤维填充复合材料电磁波屏蔽性能的研究

研究了镀铜／镍的聚丙烯腈纤维填充ＡＢＳ树脂制得的复合材料的导电性及电磁波屏蔽性能，复合材料的导电性主要与导电纤维的填加量有关，导电纤维与基体树脂间的相容状况、复合加工时某些工艺条件等对复合材料的导电性也有较大的影响，电磁波屏蔽性能随导电纤维填加量的增加而提高，加入适当的偶联剂有助于改善和复合材料的电磁波屏蔽性能。     

镀镍PET纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的性能

以PET纤维经超声波化学镀镍制成的导电PET/Ni纤维作填料,与环氧树脂共混,制得导电环氧树脂复合材料.对纤维表面镀层的形态结构及复合材料的导电性、电磁屏蔽性及力学性能进行了深入的研究.结果表明,填充适量(1%～5%,质量分数,下同)的纤维就可以得到导电性能良好的复合材料,同时也具有较好的电磁屏蔽性能,当纤维含量为3%时材料的力学性能也得到改善.     

表面改性和复合工艺对金属纤维/聚合物复合材料性能的影响

以不锈钢纤维为导电填料,分别与ABS和PP复合,制得了电磁屏蔽用导电高分子复合材料。考察了表面改性和复合工艺对金属纤维／聚合物复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,用不同表面处理剂处理不锈钢纤维后,随纤维表面张力增加,复合材料的电阻率增加。使用母料法工艺可以有效地改善金属纤维在聚合物基体中的分散,从而提高复合材料的导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能。     

超细Fe-Cr纤维填充环氧树脂复合材料的导电性能

通过大量拉拔变形制备了Cu-F e-C r原位复合材料并萃取出其中的F e-C r纤维,以超细F e-C r纤维为导电填料,填充环氧树脂,140℃热压制得导电复合材料。在扫描电镜下观察了复合材料的显微组织,用四探针方法测量了复合材料的导电性能。结果表明,随着F e-C r纤维填充量的增大,复合材料的电阻率下降,F e-C r纤维体积分数为41.7%的复合材料体积电阻率达到8.32×1-0 3Ω.cm。     

PAN／Ni－P纤维和碳黑填充的HIPS复合材料的导电性

研究经化学镀镍的聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）导电纤维（ＰＡＮ／Ｎｉ－Ｐ）填充的高抗冲聚苯乙烯（ＨＩＰＳ）复合材料的导电性与导电填料浓度的关系及加入有机钛酸酯偶联剂的影响、为了进一步提高复合材料的导电性，在ＰＡＮ／Ｎｉ－Ｐ纤维填充的复合材料中又加入不同量的碳黑，由于碳黑粒子的加入改善了纤维间的接触状态，更有利于导电网络的形成，从而大大提高了复合材料的导电能力。     

金属纤维填充聚合物复合材料的导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能

以不锈钢纤维作为填料,分别与ＡＢＳ和ＰＰ两种聚合物复合制得了电磁屏蔽用导电性高分子复合材料。通过研究复合材料导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能与纤维含量的关系,发现结晶性的ＰＰ基体比无定形ＡＢＳ基体所需的纤维临界填充量低,同时ＳＳＦ／ＰＰ的屏蔽效果高于ＳＳＦ／ＡＢＳ复合材料;此外,结果还表明这类复合材料对电磁波的屏蔽效果以吸收损耗为主,反射损耗量较小。     

填料体系对导电硅橡胶导电-物理机械性能的影响及研究进展

填充型导电硅橡胶是一种同时拥有良好导电性能和物理性能的复合材料,在航空、电子等领域展示了广泛的应用前景。介绍了炭系、金属系、微/纳米体系、并用体系导电填料的添加对导电硅橡胶复合材料导电性能及物理机械性能的影响。指出了导电填料的种类、含量以及改性工艺对导电硅橡胶导电-物理性能的影响程度。阐述了研究进展状况,并对导电复合材料的未来研究方向提出了展望。     

PAN／Ni—P纤维和碳黑填充的HIPS复合材料的导电性

研究经化学镀镍的聚丙烯腈导电纤维填充的高抗冲聚苯乙烯复合材料的导电性与导电填料浓度的导电性与导电填料浓度的关系及加入有机钛酸酯偶联剂的影响，为了进一步提高复合材料的导电性，在ＰＡＮ／Ｎｉ－Ｐ纤维填充的复合材料中又加入不同量的碳黑，由于碳黑粒子的加入改善了纤维间的接触状态，更有利于导电网络的形成，从而大大提高了复合材料的导电能力。     

聚乙烯/炭黑/碳纤维复合材料阻温特性

研究了碳纤维对聚乙烯/炭黑复合材料阻温特性的影响,并对导电机理做初步的探讨。由于碳纤维远程导电效应的存在,随着碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料PTC强度增加,PTC转变区域变窄,PTC转变温度移向高温,还有助于提高复合材料的电性能稳定性。      

Electrical properties of hybrid carbon black/carbon fiber polypropylene composites

The electrical conductivity and morphology of injection molded polypropylene based composites containing two conductive fillers, carbon black (CB) and carbon fibers (CF) were studied. Injection moldings containing both, CB and CF, where the content of each filler was above its own percolation threshold, resulted in similar or lower values of overall composite volume resistivity compared with the resistivity of systems filled only with CB at the corresponding content. However, the resistivity of two-filler systems is always higher than the resistivity of systems filled only with CF at the corresponding content. The morphology and fiber length analysis of the injection molded composites are quite intriguing. Fiber orientation in the injection molded two-filler systems was found to be almost perpendicular to the melt flow direction, with no significant skin-core fiber orientation patterns, contrary to the typically observed fiber orientation in injection molded fiber filled composites. Moreover, the CF breakage in the presence of the CB was found more intense than when just CF is used, resulting in shorter fibers with narrower length distributions. This unexpected fiber behavior is responsible for the unexpected electrical behavior. However, the coexistence of CB and CF electrically conductive networks, supporting each other, was confirmed, in spite of the mechanical disturbances caused by the presence of fibrilar and particulate fillers.     

Electrical behavior of carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites in the through-thickness direction

The electrical behavior of continuous carbon fiber epoxy-matrix composites in the through-thickness direction was studied by measuring the contact electrical resistivity (DC) of the interlaminar interface in the through-thickness direction. The contact resistivity was found to decrease with increasing curing pressure and to be higher for unidirectional than crossply composites. The lower the contact resistivity, the greater was the extent of direct contact between fibers of adjacent laminae. The activation energy for electrical conduction in the through-thickness direction was found to increase with increasing curing pressure and to be lower for unidirectional than crossply composites. The higher the activation energy, the greater was the residual interlaminar stress. Apparent negative electrical resistance was observed, quantified, and controlled through composite engineering. Its mechanism involves electrons traveling in the unexpected direction relative to the applied voltage gradient, due to backflow across a composite interface. The observation was made in the through-thickness direction of a continuous carbon fiber epoxy-matrix two-lamina composite, such that the fibers in the adjacent laminae were not in the same direction and that the curing pressure during composite fabrication was unusually high (1.4 MPa).     

组成和结构对连续SiC纤维电阻率的影响

通过烧成制备了电阻率量级大小不同的三种连续SiC纤维, 对纤维的元素组成、结晶性能和表面结构进行了分析. 结果表明: 通过调整不熔化及烧成工艺参数可以获得电阻率量级不同的连续SiC纤维. 当纤维表层具有一定厚度的高富碳层结构时, 纤维的电阻率受整体自由碳含量与结晶性能的影响不再显著, 此时, 纤维将具有较低的电阻率. 富碳层的产生与不熔化纤维烧成时分解产生的烃类小分子的重新裂解沉积有关. 通过低温氧化除去纤维表面的富碳层可以使纤维电阻率增大. 表面结构对连续SiC纤维的电阻率大小有重要影响.     

超声波在碳纤维水泥基材料制备中的应用研究

为提高碳纤维在水泥基复合材料中的分散性,提出了两种改进的超声波辅助制备工艺——超声波分散纤维和超声波分散纤维加少量硅灰.应用电阻测试法评价了这两种工艺对碳纤维水泥浆的匀化效果,同时研究了超声波处理时间对复合材料匀化效果的影响.研究结果表明:由于超声波空化作用和机械作用可使纤维得到预分散,两种改进的超声波辅助制备工艺都可以提高碳纤维水泥基复合材料的均匀性;而且超声波处理时间越长,匀化效果越好,但达到一定时间后,匀化效果趋于饱和.     

Electrodeposition of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets onto carbon fibers and properties of their epoxy composites

Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (xGnP)/copper (Cu) coated carbon fibers were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition under different applied voltages. The electrical and mechanical properties of individual fibers and composites made from these fibers and epoxy resin were investigated. The electrical resistivity of xGnP/Cu coated single carbon fiber is lower than that of the uncoated control sample and decreases with increase in the applied voltage. The xGnP and metallic Cu were simultaneously deposited on the carbon fiber surface as a result of the electrochemical cell configuration. The interfacial shear strength decreases with applied voltage up to 30 V but increases with applied voltage of over 30 V. The interfacial shear strength for the coated samples except the 50 V treated sample is lower than that of control sample. The flexural strength and modulus of xGnP/Cu coated carbon/epoxy composites is higher than those of control sample due to the reinforcing effect of xGnP/Cu coated on the carbon fibers.     

碳纤维增强尼龙1010的力学性能及其对摩擦磨损的影响

用碳纤维填充尼龙1010制备了碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料,并对碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料的力学性能和摩擦学性能进行了实验研究。力学实验结果表明:碳纤维增强使尼龙复合材料的拉伸强度、表面硬度增大,碳纤维增强尼龙材料的拉伸强度在20%碳纤维含量时达到最大值;碳纤维表面处理对尼龙复合材料的拉伸强度有很大影响,碳纤维表面氧化处理提高了碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料的拉伸强度。摩擦磨损实验表明:碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率与其拉伸强度和硬度有密切关系。随着拉伸强度和硬度的提高,尼龙复合材料摩擦系数和磨损率降低;摩擦系数和磨损率与拉伸强度具有反比关系,与材料硬度具有二次方程关系,与碳纤维填充量之间存在负指数变化规律。      

炭纤维及其复合材料的吸波性能和吸波机理

炭纤维和炭纤维复合材料在隐身技术中已经得到了广泛应用。通过分析连续炭纤维、短切炭纤维、螺旋形炭纤维、异形截面炭纤维、掺杂改性炭纤维及其复合材料的微波电磁特性和吸波性能,探讨了以上几种炭纤维的吸波机理,其中螺旋形炭纤维和异形截面炭纤维是最有发展前景的两种吸波炭纤维。     

碳纤维在电子束辐射过程中对树脂基复合材料界面性能的影响

采用XPS和Raman分析了电子束辐射对碳纤维表面性质的影响，研究了碳纤维与基体树脂之间的不充分接触对电子束固化复合材料层间剪切强度的影响，同时分析了碳纤维表面吸附的水分，碳纤维与基体树脂之间的空隙率和碳纤维表面在碳酸氢铵电解液中进行阳极氧化处理后对电子束固化复合材料界面性能的影响，分析了碳纤维表面在电子束辐射过程中与树脂基体的作用机理。