纳米SiC和SiO2与玻璃纤维混杂填充PA6的力学性能及摩擦磨损性能

采用注塑成型法制备纳米SiC和SiO2与玻璃纤维混杂填充PA6尼龙复合材料,对PA6复合材料的力学性能和摩擦学性能进行了实验研究,采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析磨损表面形貌。结果表明：纳米SiC或SiO2与玻璃纤维混杂填料能使PA6尼龙复合材料的拉伸强度和表面硬度增大。纳米SiOz与玻璃纤维混杂填料能使复合材料耐磨损性提高,以5％SiO2与玻璃纤维混杂填充耐磨性最佳;而纳米SiC与玻璃纤维混杂填料导致复合材料的磨损量增大,纳米SiC或SiO2与玻璃纤维混杂填充PA6复合材料的摩擦系数都低于尼龙材料。     

碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的制备与性能表征

为制备低电阻率的尼龙66基复合材料,以碳纤维和镍粉(Ni)填充尼龙66制备碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66高导电复合材料。研究填料表面改性和含量对碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料导电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:KH550改性碳纤维和Ni有助于降低碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的电阻率。碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的电阻率随着碳纤维和Ni含量的增加而减小,且碳纤维和Ni填充尼龙66的导电逾渗阈值均为20wt%,此时制备的碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的电阻率为455Ω·cm,熔融温度为202.2℃。碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度随着碳纤维或Ni含量的增加而先增大后减小。当Ni含量为20wt%时,碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度在碳纤维含量分别为20wt%和10wt%时达到最大值,分别为98MPa和70 MPa;当碳纤维含量为20wt%时,碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度则在Ni含量为30wt%和20wt%时达到最大值,分别为120 MPa和67 MPa。     

碳纤维-尼龙6混编织物复合材料的制备及性能

为了探究合适的碳纤维表面处理方法,改善碳纤维-尼龙6织物复合材料界面结合效果,提高复合材料的力学性能,通过混编的方式制备碳纤维-尼龙6预制件,将预制件浸泡在不同浓度的醇溶尼龙无水乙醇溶液中,最后将预制件通过热压成型,制备碳纤维织物-尼龙6复合材料。采用万能拉伸试验机、SEM、TGA、DSC、XRD分析碳纤维-尼龙6复合材料的力学性能、微观形貌、耐热性能、结晶度及晶型变化。结果表明:将预制件在浓度为1wt%的尼龙溶液处理后,并采用1℃/min的降温速率制备的碳纤维-尼龙6织物复合材料力学性能最佳,抗拉强度、弹性模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、冲击强度分别为449.32 MPa、5.32 GPa、657.67 MPa、44.08 GPa、138.42 kJ/m2。纤维拔出后,单根碳纤维表面附着部分尼龙基体,碳纤维与尼龙基体形成了良好的界面层。碳纤维-尼龙6织物复合材料的起始分解温度较尼龙6纤维提高了13℃,耐热性有所增强,尼龙6树脂主要以α晶型存在,结晶较为完善。      

钛酸钾晶须改性MC尼龙的吸湿行为及摩擦学特性

机车心盘衬垫的性能易受湿度的影响而很不稳定,为了改善吸湿性对机车心盘衬垫性能的影响,在提高制品的韧性和强度的同时,获取高且稳定的摩擦系数,通过碱催化阴离子聚合反应制备了钛酸钾晶须/MC尼龙复合材料,并经过水浴处理。利用MM2000型摩擦磨损实验机测试了在干摩擦条件下吸湿性对钛酸钾晶须/MC尼龙复合材料摩擦学性能的影响。实验发现,未水浴处理试样的摩擦系数易受吸湿性的影响而不稳定,水浴处理试样的摩擦系数则能较快地稳定。纯尼龙以粘着磨损为主,钛酸钾晶须的加入大大降低了粘着磨损程度。晶须填充试样的总质量磨损率小于纯尼龙试样,但吸湿性对材料磨损特性的影响并不明显。晶须填充MC尼龙在水浴处理的条件下能明显改善吸湿性对MC尼龙摩擦学性能的影响。      

纤维含量和取向对碳纤维/丁腈橡胶复合材料拉伸和摩擦性能的影响

利用双辊开炼机的压延效应,提高了短切碳纤维/丁腈橡胶中碳纤维的取向度,并对不同碳纤维取向和含量的复合材料的拉伸强度、邵尔硬度、阿克隆磨耗及摩擦系数等性能进行考察。结果表明,随着短切碳纤维的增加,不同碳纤维取向的橡胶复合材料的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率下降,硬度提高,而且平行取向的碳纤维橡胶复合材料拉伸性能较好;随着碳纤维含量的增加,平行取向的碳纤维橡胶复合材料的阿克隆磨耗增加,摩擦系数减小;而随机取向、垂直取向的碳纤维橡胶复合材料阿克隆磨耗先下降后增加,摩擦系数先增加后减小。     

石墨烯微片对尼龙6的改性研究

采用共混法制备尼龙6/石墨烯微片(GNPs)复合材料,研究了其导电性能、摩擦磨损性能及力学性能,并利用扫描电镜观察分析了材料磨损表面形貌,同时将其结果与炭黑(CB)体系进行了比较。结果表明,PA6/GPNs的渗滤阀值为15%(质量分数,下同),远低于PA6/CB的30%;GNPs的加入降低了材料的摩擦系数和磨损率,并在其含量为10%时达到最佳,分别降低30%和50%;提高了材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、硬度,但冲击强度下降。CB的加入提高了材料的耐磨性、硬度,但摩擦性能、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度均下降。     

纳米Al2O3/尼龙复合材料的制备及性能表征

为了提高单体浇铸尼龙6的高温性能,用纳米Al2O3对单体浇铸尼龙尼龙进行填充增强,采用原位聚合技术制备了纳米Al2O3/尼龙复合材料(简称NA/MCN),用万能材料试验机测试了复合材料的拉伸强度,用扫描电镜观察了断口形貌特征,通过动态热机械分析仪对材料的热机械性能进行了表征,并与微米Al2O3增强铸型尼龙复合材料进行了对比分析,研究了粒子的粒径、粒子含量对复合材料拉伸强度和热力学性能的影响.采用傅里叶红外光谱研究了复合材料的结构.结果表明,复合材料的拉伸强度和玻璃化温度比尼龙基体明显提高,而储能模量的变化不大,纳米粒子增强尼龙复合材料的拉伸强度和玻璃化转变温度明显高于微米粒子增强尼龙复合材料;并且纳米氧化铝与尼龙基体之间存在化学相互作用.     

纳米Al2O3/尼龙复合材料的制备及性能表征EI

为了提高单体浇铸尼龙6的高温性能,用纳米Al2O3对单体浇铸尼龙尼龙进行填充增强,采用原位聚合技术制备了纳米Al2O3/尼龙复合材料(简称NA/MCN),用万能材料试验机测试了复合材料的拉伸强度,用扫描电镜观察了断口形貌特征,通过动态热机械分析仪对材料的热机械性能进行了表征,并与微米Al2O3增强铸型尼龙复合材料进行了对比分析,研究了粒子的粒径、粒子含量对复合材料拉伸强度和热力学性能的影响.采用傅里叶红外光谱研究了复合材料的结构.结果表明,复合材料的拉伸强度和玻璃化温度比尼龙基体明显提高,而储能模量的变化不大,纳米粒子增强尼龙复合材料的拉伸强度和玻璃化转变温度明显高于微米粒子增强尼龙复合材料;并且纳米氧化铝与尼龙基体之间存在化学相互作用.     

纤维增强尼龙复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

分别研究了不同条件下连续C纤维和三维编织纤维增强铸型尼龙复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并对磨痕和磨屑表面形貌进行了观察和分析.结果表明:干摩擦条件下三维编织C纤维增强铸型尼龙(简称C3D/MCPA)复合材料的磨损率明显低于连续C纤维增强铸型尼龙(简称CL/MCPA)复合材料;水润滑条件下C3D/MCPA复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率几乎为干摩擦时的50%.三维编织C纤维/芳纶纤维混杂增强铸型尼龙(简称HF/MCPA)复合材料中随C纤维相对体积比的提高,磨损率下降而摩擦系数变化不大.     

短切碳纤维表面处理对木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响

木粉（WF）填充增强高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）复合材料具有良好的环境效益,少量引入短切碳纤维（SCF）可进一步提高其力学性能。为改善SCF与WF/HDPE复合材料中塑料基体的界面结合,提高SCF在WF/HDPE复合材料中的增强作用,采用气相、液相及气液双效氧化3种表面处理方式处理SCF,通过挤出工艺制备短切碳纤维增强木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料（SCF-WF/HDPE）,探讨了不同处理方法对SCF-WF/HDPE复合材料性能的影响。SEM观察显示,表面处理增大了SCF的表面粗糙度,可提高其与基体的界面结合;动态力学性能分析证实碳纤维提高了存储模量。测试结果表明：表面处理过的短切碳纤维可使SCF-WF/HDPE复合材料的力学性能、热力学性能和蠕变性能均得到显著提高,其中气相表面处理的效果最好。对比WF/HDPE复合材料,SCF-WF/HDPE的拉伸强度提高了34.5%,弯曲强度提高了23%,冲击强度提高了54.7%。     

不同条件下石墨和炭纤维增强尼龙复合材料的摩擦学特性

石墨和炭纤维复合增强尼龙1010在摩擦过程中发生了协同效应，其摩擦系数低于0．12，低载荷下的耐磨性能比纯尼龙提高2个数量级以上；在400N载荷的水润滑下复合增强尼龙材料的耐磨性能明显优于单一炭纤维增强尼龙材料，比其干摩擦下耐磨性能也提高了1～2个数量级。对应水润滑下复合增强材料的磨损表面主要发生了轻微的磨粒磨损，炭纤维被磨平磨细；而干摩擦下则发生了剧烈的热疲劳剥落磨损。     

PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能及力学性能

利用MM-200型磨损试验机,对不同填料填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,并探讨了淬火处理对PTFE复合材料摩擦学性能及力学性能的影响.研究发现,几乎所有填料均可大大降低PTFE复合材料的磨损,但其对PTFE复合材料性能的影响差别较大.聚苯脂填充PTFE复合材料虽然具有良好的摩擦磨损性能,但是其拉伸强度较小.PI增大了PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数,随着PI含量的增加,PTFE复合材料的拉伸强度增大,而其伸长率则减小.CdO填充PTFE复合材料虽具有良好的摩擦性能,但其伸长率较大.淬火处理使PTFE复合材料的结晶度下降,从而导致PTFE复合材料的硬度减小、耐磨性变差.     

铝基复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

为研究碳纤维对Al1O3f/ZL109复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,进一步提高金属基体的摩擦磨损性能,利用液态模锻法制备了(Cf,Al2O3f)/ZL109复合材料,并研究了该材料的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:各种(Cf,Al2O3f)/ZL109复合材料的磨损量均随载荷的增加而增大,但复合材料的磨损量均低于ZL109基体,且在总纤维体积分数为12%的复合材料中,(4?,8%Al2O3f)/ZL109复合材料具有最低的磨损量;各种(Cf,Al2O3f)/ZL109复合材料的摩擦因数均随载荷的增加而减小.(Cf,Al2O3f)/ZL109复合材料的耐磨性由碳纤维与氧化铝纤维性能及基体共同决定.     

A Comparative Investigation of the Tribological Behavior of Short Fiber Reinforced Polyimide Composites Under Dry Sliding and Water-Lubricated Condition

The friction and wear behavior of high performance polyimide (PI) and its composites reinforced with short cut fibers such as carbon fiber, glass fiber and quartz fiber was comparatively evaluated under dry sliding and water-lubricated condition, aiming at selecting matching materials for the pumps of pure water power transmission. The wear mechanisms of the composites under the two different sliding conditions were also comparatively discussed, based on scanning electron microscopic examination of the worn composite and steel counterpart surfaces. As the results, the PI composites reinforced with carbon fiber have the best mechanical and tribological properties compared with glass fiber and quartz fiber. PI composites sliding against stainless steel register lower friction coefficients and wear rates under water-lubricated condition than under dry sliding though the transfer of PI and its composites was considerably hindered in this case. PI and its composites are characterized by plastic deformation, micro cracking, and spalling under both dry-and water-lubricated sliding. Such plastic deformation, micro cracking, and spalling is significantly abated under water-lubricated condition. The glass and quart2 fibers were easily abraded and broken when sliding against steel in water environment, the broken fibers transferred to the mating metal surface and increase the surface roughness of mating stainless steel. This is probably the cause of the increased wear rate of glass fiber and quartz fiber PI composites in this case.     

纤维及晶须增强PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用MHK－500型环－块磨损试验机,对炭纤维,玻璃纤维及钛酸钾（K2Ti6O13)晶须增强聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）复合材料在干摩擦条件下与GCr15轴承钢对磨时的摩擦学性能进行了较为系统的研究,并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和光学显微镜对其磨屑和摩擦表面进行了观察。结果表明,炭纤维,玻璃纤维及K2Ti6O13晶须虽增大了PTFE的摩擦系数,但均可将PTFE的磨损量降低2个数量级,其中玻璃纤维的减磨效果最好,K2TiO13晶须的减磨效果最差,由于K2TiO13晶须的承载能力较差,致使K2Ti6O13晶须增强PTFE复合材料的磨损表面发生了明显的挤压变形,因而该复合材料具有较高的摩擦和磨损。     

Friction and wear properties of UHMWPE composites reinforced with carbon fiber

The artificial joint acetabular material ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF) in different contents. The effects of CF content on hardness and tribological properties of the materials were studied. The morphologies of wear surfaces were examined with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results show that the hardness and wear resistance of CF-reinforced UHMWPE composites increased with CF content; the friction coefficients under distilled water lubrication were decreased greatly by the addition of CF; that adherence, plowing, plastic deformation and fatigue wear are dominant for the UHMWPE under dry sliding, and that abrasive wear and drawing out of CF from the wear surface of the composites are dominant for the CF-UHMWPE composites under both dry and distilled water lubrication conditions.     

碳纤维含量对碳纤维／中铜石墨复合材料减摩耐磨性能的影响

在干磨擦条件下，对不同碳纤维含量的碳纤维／中铜石墨复合材料，进行了５０ｈ的摩擦磨损试验并借助扫描电镜观察了综们的磨面，结果表明，随碳纤维 增加，碳纤维．中铜石墨复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损量均明显减少。     

碳毡/铜复合材料的摩擦磨损特性研究

本文研究了用电沉积法制备的碳毡/铜复合材料的摩擦磨损特性。研究结果表明,在干摩擦条件下,复合材料的耐磨性主要与摩擦副间维持连续有效碳膜时间的长短有关,该时间取决于碳毡纤维的体积分数。在油润滑条件下,碳毡/铜复合材料的耐磨性与复合材料的硬度及纤维弯曲和破断所消耗能量的多少有关。在这两种条件下,复合材料的耐磨性均明显优于常用耐磨铜合金ZQSn6-6-3.     

Hybrid effect of nanoparticles with carbon fibers on the mechanical and wear properties of polymer composites

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites reinforced with carbon fibers (CFs) and nano-ZrO₂ particles were prepared by incorporating nanoparticles into PEEK/CF composites via twin-screw extrusion. The effects of nanoparticles on the mechanical and wear properties of the PEEK/CF composites were studied. The results showed that the incorporation of nano-ZrO₂ particles with carbon fiber could effectively enhance the tensile properties of the composites. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composites increased with the increasing nano-ZrO₂ content. The enhancement effect of the particle was more significant in the hybrid reinforced composites. The compounding of the two fillers also remarkably improved the wear resistance of the composites under water condition especially under high pressures. It was revealed that the excellent wear resistance of the PEEK/CF/ZrO₂ composites was due to a synergy effect between the nano-ZrO₂ particles and CF. CF carried the majority of load during sliding process and prevented severe wear to the matrix. The incorporation of nano-ZrO₂ effectively inhibited the CF failures through reducing the stress concentration on the carbon fibers interface and the shear stress between two sliding surfaces. It was also indicated that the wear rates of the hybrid composites decreased with the increasing applied load and sliding distance under water lubrication. And low friction coefficient and low wear rate could be achieved at high sliding velocity.     

碳纤维和二硫化钼混杂增强尼龙复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

以注塑成型法制备MoS₂和碳纤维混杂增强尼龙1010复合材料,采用MM-200型磨损试验机考察复合材料摩擦磨损性能。研究结果表明:在干摩擦条件下,MoS₂和碳纤维混杂可显著改善尼龙复合材料摩擦学性能,较小载荷下复合材料磨损以轻微磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损为主,较高载荷下复合材料则以热疲劳断裂剥落磨损为主。摩擦过程中MoS₂和对偶铁发生摩擦化学反应,生成和对偶底材具有较强结合能力的硫化亚铁和硫酸铁等,同时部分被氧化生成MoO₃。