水口侧孔倾角对大方坯结晶器流场和液面波动的影响

基于湍流模型与多相流模型的耦合,实现了对结晶器流动与自由液面波动行为的计算模拟.分析研究了不同侧孔倾角对对称多侧孔水口浇注大方坯结晶器内流场及自由液面波动的影响规律.结果表明:水口侧孔向下角度每增加5°,结晶器宽面和窄面冲击点位置分别下降约13 mm和10 mm;一定浸入深度下,钢水出口向下倾角的大小对大方坯结晶器液面波动影响不大,在3 mm以内;结晶器壁面附近的钢液较水口附近钢液活跃.推荐水口侧孔向下倾角为20°.     

薄板坯连铸机新型浸入式水口

基于相似原理,采用1:1的水模型,模拟了薄板坯连铸结晶器内钢液的流场.采用SG800水工数据采集系统对结晶器内液面波动和注流冲击深度进行了定量测量.针对薄板坯连铸高拉速的需要,开发了一种新型的耗散型浸入式水口.通过研究耗散水口上下出口面积比、出口角度以及拉坯速度对结晶器液面波动和对结晶器窄边冲击情况的影响,找出了其中的变化规律,为优化耗散式水口的结构和工艺参数提供了理论依据.通过与普通双侧孔水口的试验比较,证明耗散型水口是一种适合薄板坯连铸高拉速生产的新型水口.     

板坯连铸结晶器数值模拟

运用Fluent 6.3对板坯连铸结晶器进行数值计算,研究拉速、水口浸入深度及水口开口角度对流场的影响.结果表明:对于断面1400 mm×230 mm结晶器,随拉速增加,液面最大水平和垂直流速均增加,而窄边冲击点的位置基本不变,随距液面距离增加,窄边速度先增加后减小,直至趋向于零;当拉速超过1.2 m.min-1时,液面水平速度增加明显.随水口浸入深度增加,液面最大水平流速减小,浸入深度超过140 mm时,最大水平流速变化不明显;垂直于液面方向的最大速度逐渐增加;对窄边冲击点影响较小.随水口开口向下角度增加,液面最大水平流速减小后增加,水口开口向下12.5°时液面最大水平流速最小,而水口开口向下10°～12.5°时窄边冲击点速度最小.     

板坯连铸浸入式水口出口速度对结晶器流场影响的数值模拟

以宝钢-连铸板坯结晶器为研究对象,采用大型商业软件CFX4.3,将模拟计算出的浸入式水口的出口速度直接赋给结晶器作为入口条件,计算了结晶器内钢液的流动情况.结果表明:速度矢量在水口出口截面分布不均匀、方向与水口倾角不一致.因此,有必要将水口计算结果与结晶器模型结合起来以更好地反映钢液的流动情况.     

薄板坯连铸工艺因素对结晶器非稳定流场特征参数的影响

利用波高仪和粒子示踪法在1∶1的水力学模型中研究了薄板坯连铸工艺参数对结晶器内非稳定流场特征参数的影响.结果表明:流场特征参数随时间变化具有一定的周期性.随着拉坯速度增加,平均射流撞击位置下降,平均回流区中心深度下降,平均波高增加;同时,撞击点、回流区中心深度和波高的变化范围增大,周期减小,结晶器内流动不稳定程度增大.随着水口浸入深度增加,平均射流撞击位置下降,平均回流区中心深度下降,平均波高减小;同时,撞击点、回流区中心深度和波高的变化范围减小,周期增加,流场不稳定程度减小.随着水口出口角度增加,平均射流撞击位置下降,平均回流区中心深度下降,平均波高减小;对于较大的水口出口角,尽管结晶器内流场非稳定流动范围较大,但是流场的运动周期较大,液面波动的非稳定程度却较小.     

板坯连铸结晶器内非对称流动现象的数值模拟

基于流体力学基本原理,采用Fluent软件建立板坯连铸结晶器及浸入式水口的三维有限元体积模型,模拟研究了水口不对中和水口单孔结瘤条件下结晶器内流体的流动特征和温度场分布状况.结果表明:水口对中不良时,结晶器两侧回流明显不对称,液面会产生旋涡,水口偏向侧温度高于水口偏离侧;水口出口单孔结瘤时,未结瘤侧流股增强,液面流速增大,并且液面有涡流产生,结瘤侧新鲜钢液减少,温度偏低.     

薄板坯连铸浸入式水口的结构优化

针对薄板坯连铸的生产条件,采用正交设计的水模型试验和数值模拟,通过测量结晶器液面波高和注流冲击深度,研究了浸入式水口出口面积比、出口倾角、浸入深度和拉速对结晶器流场的影响.结果表明,浸入式水口出口面积比为1.4、出口倾角为50°、浸入深度为240mm时,可以满足高拉速生产的需要.     

不锈钢/普碳钢复合连铸结晶器内流场实验研究

提出一种新的不锈钢/普碳钢复合连铸方法.用长、短两个水口将两种成分不同的钢液浇注在同一结晶器内,两种钢液中间用一固定在长水口上的隔板隔开,以抑制两种钢质成分的互相混合.根据相似原理设计水模型实验研究双水口结晶器内的流动情况.结果表明,双水口结晶器内,短水口的射流会冲击到长水口壁面并形成上、下两个漩涡,长水口亦在出口两侧产生回流和漩涡,侧面出口的射流会冲击到结晶器窄面,不利于凝固壳的均匀生成.通过比较发现向下倾斜的短水口和直通型长水口形成的流场既有利于夹杂物上浮,又有利于凝固坯壳的生成.     

高速板坯连铸结晶器内流场、温度场的数值模拟

本文利用商业软件ＰＨＯＥＮＩＣＳ，建立了一个三维有限差分模型，用来描述在高速板坯连铸结晶器内的钢液流动和热量传输过程。通过计算机模拟，分析了拉速、水口出口角度、插入深度、水口出口面积比等参数对结晶器内的流场和温度场的影响。在此基础上提出了适应高速浇铸的合理伸入式水口结构尺寸     

高速板坯连续结晶器内流场,温度场的数值模拟

本文利用商业软件ＰＨＯＥＮＩＣＳ，建立了一个三维有限差分模型，用来描述在高速板坯连铸结晶器内的钢液流动和热量传输过程。通过计算机模拟，分析了拉速、水口出口角度、插入深度、水口出口面积比等参数对结晶器内的流场和温度场的影响，在此基础上提出了适应高速浇铸的合理入式水口结构尺寸。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.