阶次包络谱在轴承故障诊断中的应用

旋转机械的升降速过程包含丰富的状态信息,因而旋转机械的升降速过程对于旋转机械的故障诊断具有独特的价值.将常规的阶次分析技术与包络谱相结合,提出基于阶次包络谱的齿轮箱故障诊断方法.首先对齿轮箱升降速瞬态信号进行时域采样,再对时域信号实行等角度重采样,转化为角域平稳信号,最后对角域重采样信号进行包络谱分析,就可提取轴承的故障特征.通过对轴承内圈、外圈故障实验信号的分析,表明该方法能有效诊断轴承的故障.     

利用倒阶次谱和经验模态分解的轴承故障诊断

针对齿轮箱升降速过程中振动信号非平稳的特点,将阶次跟踪分析与希尔波特-黄变换技术相结合,提出了基于倒阶次谱和经验模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.首先,对齿轮箱加速时测得的瞬态信号进行时域采样,对时域信号进行等角度重采样,转化为角域伪平稳信号,然后对角域信号进行经验模态分解.最后,对包含轴承故障信息的高频固有模态函数进行倒阶次谱分析,就可以提取轴承的故障特征.通过对轴承内圈和外圈故障信号的分析表明,该方法能准确识别轴承的故障类型和部位.     

运用阶次跟踪和奇异谱降噪诊断齿轮早期故障

针对齿轮箱升降速过程中振动信号非平稳的特点,将阶次跟踪分析与奇异谱降噪技术相结合,提出了一种针对齿轮早期故障的诊断方法。首先对齿轮箱加速时测得的瞬态信号进行时域采样,再对时域信号进行等角域重采样,转化为角域伪稳态信号;然后对角域信号进行奇异谱降噪处理,以减小背景噪声的影响;最后对降噪后的信号进行阶次谱分析。通过对齿轮箱早期故障信号的分析表明,该方法能准确地识别出齿轮的故障特征。     

基于阶次跟踪和变换时频谱的轴承故障诊断

综合利用阶次跟踪和Teager-Huang变换时频分析技术,进行齿轮箱起动过程轴承故障诊断.首先,对齿轮箱升降速瞬态信号进行时域同步采样,并对时域信号进行等角度重采样转化为角域平稳信号,再对角域信号进行EMD分解,将振动信号分解成不同特征时间尺度的单分量固有模态函数.然后,用Teager能量算子计算各固有模态函数的瞬时频率和瞬时幅值,进而得到Teager-Huang变换时频谱.通过对齿轮箱起动过程轴承故障振动信号的分析表明,该方法能有效地识别轴承故障.     

齿轮箱起动过程故障诊断

针对齿轮箱升降速过程中振动信号非平稳的特点,将阶次跟踪、角域平均和Teager能量算子分析技术相结合,提出了基于阶次跟踪和Teager能量算子分析的齿轮箱故障诊断方法.首先对齿轮箱升降速瞬态信号进行时域同步采样,再对时域信号进行等角度重采样,转化为角域平稳信号,然后对角域信号进行角域平均和带通滤波,以消除干扰噪声的影响,最后由Teager能量算子计算振动信号的瞬时频率和瞬时幅值,根据瞬时频率和瞬时幅值图,就可提取齿轮的故障特征.通过对齿轮齿根裂纹故障试验信号的分析,表明该方法能有效地诊断齿轮的裂纹故障.     

基于阶次跟踪和经验模态分解的滚动轴承包络解调分析

针对齿轮箱升降速过程中振动信号非平稳的特点,将计算阶次跟踪方法与经验模态分解技术相结合,提出一种研究旋转机械瞬态信号故障诊断的分析方法。首先对齿轮箱启动时测得的振动信号进行时域采样,再对时域信号进行等角度重采样,将其转化为角域准平稳信号,然后对角域里的信号进行经验模态分解得到多个固有模态函数分量,最后对包含轴承故障信息的高频固有模态分量进行包络解调分析。结果显示：阶次跟踪技术能够有效地避免传统频谱方法所无法解决的“频率模糊”现象,将非平稳信号转化为准平稳信号;经验模态分解方法能够提取包含故障信息的固有模态分量,将两种方法相结合是对传统频谱分析法的有力补充,具有很广阔的应用前景。     

基于“阶次-小波”分析的齿轮箱升降速过程故障诊断研究

针对齿轮箱升降速过程振动信号的特点以及阶比分析的缺陷,提出了基于“阶次一小波“分析的齿轮箱故障检测方法。即首先将等时间信号重采样成为等角度信号,然后对等角度信号进行小波分析,最终识别故障。信号经过这种变换之后可以具有同时反映信号的阶比域和角度域的特征。经过仿真表明,该方法具有很好的诊断效果。     

基于阶次分析与循环平稳解调的齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法

针对变转速下的齿轮箱中复合故障的特征提取,提出了一种基于阶次分析与循环平稳解调的齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法.该方法先用线调频小波路径追踪算法从原始振动信号中提取转频信号,再根据转频信号对原始振动信号进行等角度重采样,将时域非平稳信号转化为角域周期平稳信号,最后对角域周期平稳信号进行循环平稳解调分析,根据故障特征阶次处的切片解调谱进行齿轮箱复合故障诊断.通过算法仿真和应用实例对包含齿轮局部故障和轴承局部故障的变转速齿轮箱复合故障进行了分析,分析结果表明,该方法在无转速计的情况下能有效地提取处于变转速下的齿轮箱复合故障的特征.     

基于形态分量分析的变工况齿轮箱故障诊断研究

齿轮箱变工况运行时表现为转速和负载的变化,其振动信号是非线性的多分量信号,变工况齿轮箱故障诊断是研究难点。首先使用数字微分的阶次跟踪方法对原始振动信号按计算得到等角度重采样时刻插值,将非平稳的振动信号转化为角域平稳信号;然后使用形态分量分析(MCA)方法从角域信号中分离出冲击、简谐分量与噪声成分,提取齿轮箱非线性、多分量信号中的故障特征;再对冲击分量做角域平均突出故障特征,最后进行瞬时功率谱分析识别齿轮是否有故障。实验分析表明,使用此方法能根据瞬时功率谱分布的阶次和角度范围识别故障,适用于变工况下的故障齿轮检测。     

阶比双谱及其在旋转机械故障诊断中的应用

双谱分析是处理非线性、非高斯信号的有力工具，然而，它是以分析恒频振动的稳态信号作为前提条件的，对分析旋转机械中广泛存在的变频振动信号（如旋转机械升降速信号）是无能为力的。而阶比双谱是一种分析变频振动信号的新方法，它将非稳态信号按等转角间隔进行采样，得到阶域中的稳定信号，再进行双谱分析；仿真显示该方法优于阶比谱和传统双谱。最后，将该方法成功地应用到旋转机械升降速过程的故障诊断中，实验结果表明该方法是有效的，阶比双谱可很好地分析机械振动的非线性非平稳信号。     

瞬时频率估计的齿轮箱升降速信号阶次跟踪

提出了基于瞬时频率估计的齿轮箱升降速信号阶次跟踪的新方法。首先对振动信号进行经验模态分解得到信号的固有模态函数，再求各个固有模态函数的Hilbert变换，得到信号的瞬时频率，从而直接从振动信号得到参考轴的转速信号，然后根据参考轴的转速信号对时域振动信号进行等角度重采样，最后对重采样信号进行阶次分析。通过仿真信号和对齿轮磨损故障实验信号的分析，表明该方法能有效地诊断齿轮的故障。     

ORDER BISPECTRUM: A NEW TOOL FOR RECIPROCATED MACHINE CONDITION MONITORING

Vibrations and sounds generated by reciprocated machines or by their parts strongly depend on the rotation speed of the main shaft of the tested reciprocating system. At the testing or at common performance of the reciprocated machines, their rotation speed is usually changing. With regard to this fact, signals produced by reciprocating machines are non-stationary ones. Therefore, conventional time-invariant methods of their spectral or bispectral analysis are frequently unable to provide meaningful results. In order to solve this problem in the field of polyspectral signal analysis, the order bispectrum analysis is proposed in this contribution. This approach is based on the bispectrum estimation from the signal which is a function of the angle of roll of the main shaft of reciprocated machine. A digital representation of this signal can be obtained by resampling of the signal conveniently sampled in the time domain. The advantages of the order bispectrum application in comparison with that of the conventional bispectrum approach is illustrated based on the example of an engine set classification.     

Gear fault detection and diagnosis under speed-up condition based on order cepstrum and radial basis function neural network

Varying speed machinery condition detection and fault diagnosis are more difficult due to non-stationary machine dynamics and vibration. Therefore, most conventional signal processing methods based on time invariant carried out in constant time interval are frequently unable to provide meaningful results. In this paper, a study is presented to apply order cepstrum and radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural network (ANN) for gear fault detection during speedup process. This method combines computed order tracking, cepstrum analysis with ANN. First, the vibration signal during speed-up process of the gearbox is sampled at constant time increments and then is re-sampled at constant angle increments. Second, the re-sampled signals are processed by cepstrum analysis. The order cepstrum with normal, wear and crack fault are processed for feature extracting. In the end, the extracted features are used as inputs to RBF for recognition. The RBF is trained with a subset of the experimental data for known machine conditions. The ANN is tested by using the remaining set of data. The procedure is illustrated with the experimental vibration data of a gearbox. The results show the effectiveness of order cepstrum and RBF in detection and diagnosis of the gear condition.     

基于FRFT的单分量阶比双谱提取微弱故障特征

提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform,简称FRFT)的单分量阶比双谱分析方法,消除阶比双谱分析多分量信号时产生的交叉项,提取变速器齿轮微弱故障特征。根据变速器输入轴转速信号及传动比确定FRFT最佳阶次,对变速器升速过程振动信号进行最佳阶次FRFT,在该分数阶域分离目标阶比分量,对分离出的单分量信号分别进行阶比双谱分析,并累加各分量阶比双谱结果得到基于FRFT的单分量阶比双谱。试验结果表明,变速器变速过程振动信号为多阶比分量信号,直接对其进行阶比双谱分析会产生明显的交叉项,使阶比双谱阶次和幅值失真。基于FRFT的单分量阶比双谱方法能有效屏蔽其他分量和噪声干扰、消除交叉项,真实、准确反映被分析信号的阶比双谱,有效提取变速器齿轮微弱故障特征。     

Fault Feature Extraction of Diesel Engine Based on Bispectrum Image Fractal Dimension

Fault feature extraction has a positive effect on accurate diagnosis of diesel engine. Currently, studies of fault feature extraction have focused on the time domain or the frequency domain of signals. However, early fault signals are mostly weak energy signals, and time domain or frequency domain features will be overwhelmed by strong back?ground noise. In order consistent features to be extracted that accurately represent the state of the engine, bispectrum estimation is used to analyze the nonlinearity, non?Gaussianity and quadratic phase coupling(QPC) information of the engine vibration signals under different conditions. Digital image processing and fractal theory is used to extract the fractal features of the bispectrum pictures. The outcomes demonstrate that the diesel engine vibration signal bispectrum under different working conditions shows an obvious differences and the most complicated bispectrum is in the normal state. The fractal dimension of various invalid signs is novel and diverse fractal parameters were utilized to separate and characterize them. The value of the fractal dimension is consistent with the non?Gaussian intensity of the signal, so it can be used as an eigenvalue of fault diagnosis, and also be used as a non?Gaussian signal strength indicator. Consequently, a symptomatic approach in view of the hypothetical outcome is inferred and checked by the examination of vibration signals from the diesel motor. The proposed research provides the basis for on?line monitoring and diagnosis of valve train faults.     

基于包络加窗同步平均的行星齿轮箱特征提取

行星齿轮箱由于行星轮通过效应、太阳轮与行星架的旋转及时变工况,导致其振动响应存在时变传递路径及非平稳性等特点,且传统的同步平均将不能直接应用于行星齿轮箱。笔者在国外加窗同步平均的基础上提出一种能有效克服时变传递路径及非平稳性的基于包络信号角域加窗同步平均的行星齿轮箱故障特征提取方法。首先,基于谱峭度提取出行星齿轮箱振动信号的包络信号;其次,再利用计算阶比跟踪技术对包络信号进行等角度重采样,行星架每旋转一圈,选择合适的窗函数对角域信号进行多齿宽加窗截取;最后,验证齿轮啮合齿序特征,根据重排齿序对加窗信号进行重构振动分离信号,对振动分离信号进行角域同步平均,提取行星齿轮箱故障特征。行星齿轮箱故障实测信号分析表明,该方法能有效提取行星齿轮箱故障特征。