Resistorless realization of current-mode first-order allpass filter using current differencing transconductance amplifiers

This paper presents a realization of a current-mode first-order allpass filter using two current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs) as the active components and one virtually grounded capacitor as the only passive component. The proposed filer requires no external resistor and is electronically adjustable by varying the external bias current of the CDTA. No component-matching constraints are required. The circuit realizes both inverting and non-inverting types of allpass filters, and also exhibits high-output impedances, which are easy cascading in the current-mode operation. As an application of the proposed CDTA-based allpass section, a current-mode quadrature oscillator is realized. PSPICE simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.     

Universal current-mode biquad filter using dual output current differencing transconductance amplifier

A new universal current-mode biquad filter using current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) is proposed. The proposed configuration can realize the second-order low pass, high pass, band pass, and band reject responses simultaneously. The circuit employs both grounded capacitors (ideal for integrated circuit implementation), and offers low active and passive sensitivities. The workability of the proposed configuration has been verified using SPICE simulation.     

Current-Mode Multiphase Sinusoidal Oscillator Using Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers

This paper describes a simple current-controlled current-mode multiphase sinusoidal oscillator based on current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs) as active components. The proposed oscillator circuit, which employs only one CDTA and one grounded capacitor for each phase, can generate arbitrary n current-output signals (n being even or odd) equally spaced in phase, all at high output impedance terminals. The oscillation condition and the oscillation frequency can be controlled electronically and independently through the bias current of the CDTA. The oscillator has low-component count, low-sensitivity performance, and is highly suitable for monolithic implementation. PSPICE simulation results are given to confirm the operation of the proposed oscillator.     

Analytical Synthesis of Current-Mode High-Order Single-Ended-Input OTA and Equal-Capacitor Elliptic Filter Structures With the Minimum Number of Components

None of the previously reported third-order and fourth-order operational transconductance amplifier and capacitor (OTA-C) elliptic filter structures use the minimum number of active and passive components. After an innovative algebraic decomposition for a complicated transfer function, i.e., a new analytical synthesis method, a current-mode odd-nth-order and a current-mode even-nth-order OTA-C elliptic filter structure having the following advantages are presented: 1) all the OTAs have single-ended inputs; 2) all the capacitors are grounded; 3) the minimum active and passive components are used. An equal-capacitance-type structure is designed taking into account the difficulty of precisely fabricating capacitances in integrated circuits. Although the above three advantages lead to the lowest total parasitics and to the most precise output response, the small deviations (such as the 3.5159% error in f_p) of the four parameters of the new third-order OTA-C elliptic filter can be drastically reduced (for example, to 0.1553% error in f_p) by only slightly tuning the four transconductances, but fixing the ratio of the given three capacitances, and without adding any other active and passive components. H-spice high-pass and low-pass simulations with 0.35-mum process are provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.     

基于MO-CCCDTA的电控调谐电流模式六阶椭圆带通滤波器

提出了一个多输出电流差分跨导放大器(MO-CCCDTA),利用它设计了一个电流模式二阶带通、二阶高通带阻和二阶低通带阻电路,以此为基础,利用级联法设计了电流模式六阶椭圆带通滤波器.该滤波器仅使用3个MO-CCCDTA、1个CDTA和7个电容,通过调节偏置电流,各滤波器参数均能被电控调谐.计算机仿真表明电路正确有效.     

A Modified CDTA (MCDTA) and Its Applications: Designing Current-Mode Sixth-Order Elliptic Band-Pass Filter

This paper presents a modified current differencing transconductance amplifier (MCDTA) and the MCDTA based KHN filter with high output impedance. Moreover, the paper gives a current-mode sixth-order elliptic band-pass filter by means of cascade method. The filter with only three MCDTAs, six grounded capacitors and four resistors is easy to be integrated. Its pole frequency can be determined electronically through adjusting bias currents of MCDTA. The results of circuit simulations are in agreement with the designed parameters.     

ICCII-based universal current-mode analog filter employing only grounded passive components

In this paper, three versions of a novel second-order current-mode (CM) single-input three-output analog filter employing inverting second-generation current conveyors (ICCIIs) and only grounded passive components, are presented. This filter can simultaneously realize low-pass, band-pass and high-pass responses, and can also realize notch and all-pass filter responses with interconnection of the relevant output currents. The presented second-order filter requires no active and passive element matching conditions and/or cancellation constraints. The proposed filter offers orthogonal control of angular resonance frequency (ω_o) and quality factor (Q). The proposed filter can realize filter responses at high output impedances, and has low active and passive component sensitivities. Additionally, three versions of a high-order filter derived from the proposed filter are introduced. Simulation results using SPICE program are given to show the performance of the filter and verify the theory. Signal limitations and non-ideal current and voltage gain effects of the proposed second-order filter are also investigated.     

Efficient implementation of tunable ladder filters using multi-output current controlled conveyors

A methodology to realize continuous-time current-mode tunable ladder filters of any order has been presented. This proposed technique individually simulates signal flow graph (SFG) of each branch element from passive filter prototype using only multi-output second generation current controlled conveyors (MCCCIIs) and grounded capacitors. This leads to simple structure, ease of design and suitability for IC fabrication. A third-order Butterworth low-pass filter, a third-order elliptic low-pass filter and a sixth-order Chebyshev band-pass filter are employed to demonstrate the proposed realization scheme. These simulated filters retain minimum requirement of passive and active elements and provide the filter corner frequency tunability. Moreover, the method allows an implementation of the elliptic filters by simply adding floating capacitors to all-pole filter structures.     

Current Differencing Cascaded Transconductance Amplifier (CDCTA) and Its Applications on Current-Mode nth-Order Filters

In this paper, a new active device, current differencing cascaded transconductance amplifier (CDCTA), has been presented. The proposed CDCTA simplifies the design of the current-mode filter circuit considerably, especially the design of high-order filter. Moreover, a current-mode nth-order filter based on the CDCTA is proposed in the paper. The proposed circuit, which adopts only an active component and n grounded capacitors, contains minimal active component and passive one. It enjoys the simple configuration and is suitable for integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. PSpice simulations for current-mode third-order filter based on this structure have also been conducted, and the results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. The influences of the CDCTA non-idealities are also discussed.     

Second Order Band-Pass Filter Design Using Single CC-CDBA

Six new second order band-pass filter configurations using only a single current-controlled current differencing buffered amplifier (CC-CDBA) are proposed. Further, the proposed filters also have a minimum number of external electronic components. They realize current-mode, voltage-mode and transadmittance-mode filter characteristics. The quality factor and natural frequency can be adjusted electronically without changing the values of the passive components. The proposed filters use a minimum number of passive elements (two or three). There is no second order active filter structure which uses two passive components and one active component in the literature. The validity of the proposed filters is verified through PSpice simulations.     

Current mode multifunction filter using two CDBAs

This paper presents a cascadable current-mode (CM) multifunction biquadratic filter. The proposed circuit realizes all five different filter transfer functions employing only two current differencing buffered amplifiers (CDBAs), while previously reported CM multifunction filters require more CDBAs and more passive component count for the same number of filter transfer function realizations. Examples for different filter transfer functions are given along with the results of circuit simulations. It is shown that theoretical and simulation results are in good agreement.     

CDTA-based electronically tunable current-mode quadrature oscillator

This paper presents two new current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs)-based electronically tunable current-mode four-phase quadrature oscillators (QO). The proposed QOs consist of two CDTAs, one resistor and two grounded capacitors, respectively, which are suitable for monolithic integration. The condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) can be independently controlled, and the FO can be electronically tunable by adjusting the bias current of the CDTA. Moreover, the QOs can provide four quadrature output currents at high-output-impedance nodes, which enable the QOs can be connected directly to the next stage without any impedance matching requirements. Cadence IC Design Tools 5.1.41 (Cadence Design Systems Inc., San Jose, CA) post-layout simulation results and experimental evidence are included to confirm the theory.     

Universal Current-Mode Active-C Filter Employing Minimum Number of Passive Elements

A universal current-mode active-C filter simultaneously realizing low-pass, band-pass and high-pass responses is proposed. The filter can also realize notch and all-pass responses with interconnection of relevant output currents. The presented filter employs four second-generation current controlled conveyors (CCCIIs) as active elements and only two capacitors as passive elements. The proposed active-C filter can be tuned electronically, and has low element sensitivities.     

CMOS current-controlled current differencing transconductance amplifier and applications to analog signal processing

This article presents design of a basic current-mode building block for analog signal processing, named as current-controlled current differencing transconductance amplifier (CCCDTA). Its parasitic resistances at two current input ports can be controlled by an input bias current. Owing to working in current-mode of all terminals, it is very suitable to use in a current-mode signal processing, which is continually more popular than a voltage one. The proposed element is realized in a CMOS technology and is examined the performance through PSPICE simulations. They display usability of the new active element, where the maximum bandwidth is 311 MHz. The CMOS CCCDTA performs low power consumption and tuning over a wide current range. In addition, some examples as a current-mode universal biquad filter, floating inductance simulator and quadrature oscillator are included. They occupy only single CCCDTA.     

Current-Mode Linear Transformation Filters Using Current Mirrors

Novel building blocks for designing high-order current-mode filters by employing current mirrors as the elementary active elements are introduced in this paper. As a design example, a fifth-order elliptic current-mode filter is designed using only grounded capacitors. Simulation results using transistor parameters of a typical CMOS 0.35- technology are in a good agreement with the theoretically expected. A comparison with the corresponding current mirror based filter topologies realized using the leapfrog and the wave techniques has been also performed. For this purpose, new leapfrog and wave filter topologies are introduced. Comparison results confirm the benefits offered by the proposed filter configurations.     

Systematic Generation of Current-Mode Linear Transformation Filters Based on Multiple Output CCIIs

A transformation called current-mode linear transformation (CMLT) and its filter applications using multiple output second-generation current conveyors (MOCCIIs) are presented. The systematic method is developed to realize CMLT MOCCII-based filters efficiently. Based on the proposed design tables, we can synthesize high-order current-mode all-pole and elliptic filters with MOCCIIs, grounded resistors and capacitors. Moreover, the high-frequency elliptic filter can also be efficiently realized by adding capacitors to the relative all-pole filter, although floating capacitors are needed. Third-order Chebychev and elliptic lowpass filters are described in this paper. Experimental results that confirm the theoretical analysis are obtained. Furthermore, the proposed circuits can be extended to higher-order filters.     

First-order allpass sections-based current-mode universal filterusing ICCIIs

An inverting type current conveyor (ICCII) is presented and its usefulness in active filter synthesis illustrated by presenting a new current-mode universal filter using this element. The universal filter configuration based on the implementation of first-order allpass sections employs the absolute minimum number of passive and active components and hence leads to a filter circuit with very simple implementation     

Electronically tunable current-mode biquad filter employing CCCDTAs and grounded capacitors with low input and high output impedance

In this study, a single-input multiple-outputs current-mode analog biquadratic filter, based on current controlled current differencing transconductance amplifier (CCCDTA) is presented. The proposed filter uses two CCCDTAs and two grounded capacitors without any external resistors, which is well suited for integrated circuit implementation. The filter simultaneously gives 3 standard transfer functions, namely, lowpass, highpass and bandpass filters with independent control of quality factor and pole frequency by electronic method. By summing of I_HP and L_LP, the notch filter can be also achieved. Moreover, the circuit has low input and high output impedance which would be an ideal choice for cascading in current-mode circuit. The PSPICE simulation results are included verifying the workability of the proposed filter. The given results agree well with the theoretical anticipation.     

A novel ±0.8 V high-performance voltage-tunable CDTA with enhanced bandwidth

In this article, we propose a novel high-performance complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) with a transconductance gain (G_M) that can be linearly tuned by a voltage. By using a high-speed, low-voltage, cascaded current mirror active resistance compensation technique, the proposed CDTA circuit exhibits wide frequency bandwidths, high current tracking precisions as well as large output impedances. The linear-tunable G_M of the CDTA is designed with the use of linear composite metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor as basic cells in the circuit. Combining these two approaches, several design concerns are studied, including: impedance characteristic, tracking errors, offset and linearity and noise. The prototype chip with a 0.25 mm² area is fabricated in a GlobalFoundries’0.18 μm CMOS process. The simulated results and measured results with ±0.8 V DC supply voltages are presented, and show extremely wide bandwidths and wide linear tuning range. In addition, a fully differential band-pass filter for a high-speed system is also given as an example to confirm the high performance of the proposed circuit.     

A 22.5 MHz current-mode KHN-biquad using differential voltage current conveyor and grounded passive elements

In this paper, a current-mode (CM) Kerwin–Huelsman–Newcomb (KHN) biquad is proposed. The circuit employs three differential-voltage current conveyors (DVCCs) as active elements together with two capacitors and four resistors as passive elements, which all are grounded. The circuit simultaneously provides the three basic filter functions, namely bandpass (BP), highpass (HP) and lowpass (LP) functions. The notch and allpass (AP) functions can be obtained by connecting appropriate output currents directly without using additional active elements. The output signals are obtained at high output impedance ports, which is important for easy cascading in CM operation. SPICE simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analyses.