萘系偶氮型通用染料结构与染色性能之间关系

从超分子化学角度研究了双萘环和单萘环通用染料在染色过程中的构效关系.对腈纶纤维染色时,由于双萘环染料分子对相邻阴离子染席的空间屏蔽作用,其上染率下降.对涤纶纤维染色时,染料分子自身的空间结构对上染率的影响不明显.对棉纤维染色时,由于双萘环染料分子对纤维的直接性好、磺酸基在分子中所占的比例低,其上染率提高.对羊毛和丝绸染...     

耐晒1∶2铬络合交联染料合成与应用

为了寻求提高交联染料光稳定性的有效途径,通过重氮偶合、氯化、胺解和络合四步反应合成了两支1∶2型铬络合偶氮交联染料.利用红外、质谱和核磁等分析手段对染料中间体的结构进行了表征,证实染料中间体以醌腙体结构稳定存在.利用傅里叶变换红外、原子吸收光谱对铬络合交联染料的结构进行了表征.利用紫外可见光谱研究了交联染料络合前后的最大吸收峰变化.采用无盐浸染工艺将交联染料应用到丝绸和羊毛上,并用交联剂2-氯-4,6-二（氨基苯-4′-β-磺酸酯乙基砜）-1,3,5-均三嗪将交联染料以共价键固色到纤维上.研究表明,铬络合交联染料在丝绸和羊毛上具有高竭染率以及交联率.同时引入金属铬离子后交联染料染色纤维的日晒牢度比相应的交联染料母体提高了2-3级.     

具有超高固色效应的多胺型交联染料合成及应用研究

合成了吡唑啉酮单偶氮黄色和1,4-二氨基蒽醌系蓝色四乙烯五胺型交联染料,利用分子链上剩余氨基的高反应性及同一分子链上存在多个可反应基团的优点,通过交联染色和固色实现染料在纤维上的超高固色率,实现染色的绿色化.用浸染和轧染的染色方法将交联染料应用于丝绸和棉纤维染色,然后用硫酸酯乙基砜型交联剂,两浸两轧、焙烘固色染色纤维.研究结果表明在pH为4时该两只染料竭染率最高,并且用交联剂固色后交联率均大于98%,染色纤维具有较好的日晒牢度、摩擦色牢度和水洗色牢度.     

聚醚酮酮／含萘环聚醚酮醚酮酮无规共聚物的合成与表征

通过β-萘酚和4,4′-二氟二苯甲酮的缩合反应,合成了一种新芳醚单体-4,4′-二（β-萘氧基）二苯甲酮,将其在亲电反应条件下和二苯醚、芳二酰氯进行共缩聚反应,制备了聚醚酮酮/含萘环聚醚酮醚酮酮无规共聚物,用IR、WAXD、DS、TG和溶解性试验等方法对其进行了表征。     

几种含二茂铁基染料的合成

设计合成了５个含二茂铁基的萘酰亚胺类、蒽醌类、偶氮类染料，通过核磁共振氢谱、质谱、元素分析对其结构进行了表征，并对合成进行了讨论。     

兰纳素染料染羊毛工艺浅探

针对采用常规活性兰纳素染料对羊毛纤维进行染色中存在的问题,经过反复实验对比,总结出了两种行之有效的改进方法,即加氯化稀土促进兰纳素染料上染和加助剂米勒兰LTD实现低温染色。     

抗菌性阳离子活性染料对不同纤维的染色及抗菌性能

采用合成的抗菌性阳离子活性染料对尼龙66、羊毛和腈纶纤维进行了染色和抗菌性能研究.该染料对3种纤维均具有良好的染色性能,3种纤维染色织物具有良好的耐水洗和耐摩擦色牢度,但上染速率和上染率具有一定的差异,染色后的3种纤维织物具有良好的抗菌性能.同时,采用该染料对棉、尼龙66、羊毛和腈纶纤维织物进行了同浴染色性能研究,结果表明:该染料对4种纤维在同浴染色时具有不同的上染速率,同色性具有一定的差异.该染料在水溶液中具有良好的抗菌性能,对大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureas)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为10×10-6g/L.     

一种新型皮革用金属络合染料的合成与其皮革染色性能

介绍了一种含金属染料的合成鞣剂,研究了其合成原理及方法,并对其应用条件及使用效果进行了探讨.结果表明,这种染料的光稳定性、渗透性以及染色鞣制后的皮板强度与传统染料相比均明显提高,染色性能良好.     

四乙烯五胺交联染料在羊毛上的吸附及染色性能研究

吸附动力学和吸附热力学可以指导染色理论和染色工艺的建立.考察了pH、温度和时间对四乙烯五胺交联染料在羊毛纤维上吸附性能的影响,研究了四乙烯五胺交联染料的吸附动力学和吸附平衡模型.研究显示四乙烯五胺交联染料的染色pH在羊毛的等电点以上,染料吸附过程遵循准二级动力学方程,并且活化能为130.3kJ/mol,以化学吸附为主.染色温度的提高可以加快染色速率但降低了染料的平衡吸附量,吸附平衡为Langmuir型,吸附的各项热力学参数均为负值,说明吸附过程是自发放热的过程.另外,测定了染料的交联反应性能和各项色牢度,结果表明四乙烯五胺交联染料在羊毛纤维上可得到近100%的交联反应率和优良的色牢度.     

1—氢—3,6—二甲氧基环丙萘的合成及表征

本文报导了用含二氯环在的化合物为原料，在强碱条件下，一步合成１－氢－３，６－二甲氧基环丙萘。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.