二级气浮+A/O法处理炼油废水

采用隔油-浮选-生化曝气的二级处理工艺处理某炼油废水.实践表明,两级浮选和A/O生化工艺可有效地去除有机物、NH3-N和TN,是目前国内较成熟的炼油废水处理工艺,处理后的污水水质达到<污水综合排放标准>一级标准及<石油炼制工业污水污染物排放标准>中一级一类标准,而且出水水质较稳定.     

大连开发区污水处理一厂升级改造工程

大连市开发区污水处理一厂原设计规模为7.5×104m3/d,处理工艺为A/O工艺,出水水质执行污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)的二级标准。升级改造工程设计规模增至10×104m3/d,采用改良A2/O工艺,出水水质执行城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)的一级A标准。介绍了污水处理厂扩容改造的工艺方案选择、工艺流程、设计参数,目前该工程的部分构筑物已投入试运行,出水水质达到一级A标准。     

稠油污水生物处理实验研究

微生物通过培养和驯化后完全可以在稠油污水体系中生存,对稠油污水中的有机物有较好的生物降解作用。利用SBR活性污泥法处理油田稠油污水是可行的,能将污水中的COD降至150mg·L-1以下,达到标准GB8978 1996污水综合排放二级标准的要求。     

木糖生产废水处理工程实例

采用物化/ABR/UBF/好氧/混凝沉淀工艺处理木糖生产废水,运行实践表明,该工艺具有处理效果稳定可靠、对木糖废水中的COD、SO2-4、色度去除率高等特点.出水水质可达到污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)中一级排放标准.     

连续流砂滤池在城镇污水处理厂提标改造中的应用

广东省某城镇污水处理厂总设计规模为11×104m3/d,出水标准执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级B标准和广东省地方标准《水污染物排放限值》(DB44/26-2001)第二时段一级标准的较严值要求。为了使出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准和广东省地方标准《水污染物排放限值》(DB44/26-2001)第二时段一级标准的较严值要求,需对该厂处理工艺进行升级改造。结合该厂实际运行的进出水水质和目前处理设施的运行情况,本工程采用精密格栅+连续流砂滤池工艺对二级出水进行深度处理,提标后出水满足水质要求。     

改良型A2/O工艺污水处理厂的设计与运行

某污水处理厂设计规模为5×104 m3/d,其污水处理工艺流程采用改良型A2/O工艺,污泥处理采用直接浓缩脱水工艺.对该工艺流程的主要构筑物、设计参数及运行情况进行了介绍,结果表明,处理后的水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)中的一级标准.     

新型絮凝剂在油气田含油污水无害化处理的开发与应用

针对油田回注水水质悬浮物严重超标问题,本文试验选择塔里木油气田回注水为样本,对其悬浮物成分进行了精细分析,研究了回注水中絮凝剂,提高絮凝剂处理含油污水的作用效果,通过絮凝剂A剂加量优化试验,得出最佳A剂加量为190g/m3,絮凝剂B剂加量为60g/m3,对油田污水进行处理效果好,污水的透光率达到95%,处理后的污水达到排放标准。     

混凝-生物组合工艺处理高含盐稠油废水

对新疆油田高含盐稠油废水,采用"混凝-水解酸化-接触氧化"组合工艺进行处理。结果表明,在混凝段进水流量2.5～3.0 m~3/h,生物段进水流量1 m~3/h的条件下,该组合工艺对稠油废水COD_(Cr)、石油类和挥发酚的平均总去除率分别可达53.5%,77.95%和84.28%。稠油废水中氯离子浓度在5 000～11 000 mg/L范围内波动时,该组合工艺能够保持出水水质稳定,具有较强的抗盐度冲击能力。出水的各项水质参数均符合国家二级污水排放标准。     

天津某电子公司污水站改扩建工程实例

天津某电子公司污水处理系统处理设施能力不足,出水水质不能达到标准。采用隔油/气浮/A2O/过滤工艺对原有工艺及设备进行改造扩容后,系统能够水量由600 m3/d提高到1 600 m3/d,出水水质由《污水综合排放标准》三级提高到天津市污水综合排放标准（DB12/356-2008）二级。     

UASB-AO工艺在污水处理厂提标改造中的应用

某污水处理厂无法达到现行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）一级A标准,为此对污水处理系统进行了改造,新建UASB池,结合原有的A/O池组成UASB-A/O组合工艺.UASB池可以提高后续A/O池的脱氮除磷效果,处理水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）一级A标准.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。