基于信息容量的FY-4A/GIIRS红外光谱探测能力 研究

利用LBLRTM逐线积分模式开展不同大气状况条件下各大气参数在FY-4A/GIIRS红外通道的光谱敏感性分析,在此基础上,以信息熵和自由度为判据,对FY-4A/GIIRS高光谱探测资料所包含的温度、水汽、臭氧等大气参数信息容量进行定量化描述,从而评估FY-4A/GIIRS对大气参数的可反演能力.研究结果表明:(1) FY-4A/GIIRS长波波段对温度和水汽的敏感度与大气状况相关,而对臭氧的敏感度在不同大气状况条件下差异不大;(2)初步揭示了FY-4A/GIIRS具备大气温湿和臭氧廓线反演的应用潜力,在相同大气条件下,FY-4A/GIIRS红外光谱所包含的温度信息容量最大,水汽其次;(3)在热带大气条件下,FY-4A/GIIRS所包含的温度和水汽信息容量最丰富.     

FY-4A静止气象卫星红外高光谱大气探测仪GIIRS探测灵敏度分析（英文）

灵敏度是重要的遥感器辐射性能指标。本文将红外高光谱大气探测仪仪器噪声灵敏度概念拓展,定义了面向探测仪在轨应用的大气参数灵敏度和地表温度误差灵敏度,给出了相应的计算模型和相互关系。并将之应用于第一台静止气象卫星红外高光谱大气探测仪FY-4A GIIRS在轨应用探测灵敏度评估。根据探测仪测试数据和大气历史统计资料,得到了大气参数(温度、水汽、臭氧、CO_2、CH_4和N_2O)、地表温度误差以及探测仪噪声灵敏度随通道的定量变化特征,分析了各变化特征的物理机制。结果表明大气温度、水汽和臭氧灵敏度远大于探测仪噪声和地表温度误差灵敏度,而CO_2、CH_4和N_2O灵敏度被探测仪和地表温度误差灵敏度淹没。本文研究为红外高光谱大气参数探测信噪比评估奠定了基础,有助于红外高光谱大气探测通道的优选。     

FY-4A静止气象卫星红外高光谱大气探测仪GIIRS探测灵敏度分析

灵敏度是重要的遥感器辐射性能指标。本文将红外高光谱大气探测仪仪器噪声灵敏度概念拓展,定义了面向探测仪在轨应用的大气参数灵敏度和地表温度误差灵敏度,给出了相应的计算模型和相互关系。并将之应用于第一台静止气象卫星红外高光谱大气探测仪FY-4A GIIRS在轨应用探测灵敏度评估。根据探测仪测试数据和大气历史统计资料,得到了大气参数（温度、水汽、臭氧、CO₂、CH₄和N₂O）、地表温度误差以及探测仪噪声灵敏度随通道的定量变化特征,分析了各变化特征的物理机制。结果表明大气温度、水汽和臭氧灵敏度远大于探测仪噪声和地表温度误差灵敏度,而CO₂、CH₄和N₂O灵敏度被探测仪和地表温度误差灵敏度淹没。本文研究为红外高光谱大气参数探测信噪比评估奠定了基础,有助于红外高光谱大气探测通道的优选。     

FY-4A/GIIRS大气温度廓线产品质量评估

我国风云四号A星（FY-4A）携带高光谱红外干涉式大气探测仪（Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder, GIIRS）首次实现了地球静止轨道红外高光谱探测,可连续获得大气温湿度廓线信息。基于常规无线电探空资料,从产品的探测能力和精度方面对2020年FY-4A/GIIRS大气温度廓线产品开展质量评估,为产品应用和算法研究提供参考。结果表明：FY-4A/GIIRS反演大气温度廓线探测能力在高度层次和月份统计上受云活跃度影响较大;晴空条件下大气整层均方根误差约为2 K,700～1 000 hPa的大气低层较大,约2.5 K,偏差整层以负值为主;月尺度质量评估可见夏秋两季明显优于冬春季,有利于灾害性天气多发季节的监测;有云条件下单个像元的温度廓线误差显著增大,采用多像元Cressman客观分析可有效提高产品可用性;低海拔地区温度廓线产品质量整体优于高海拔地区,可极大地弥补我国东部、南部地区以及广阔的洋面上的探空资料的不足。     

机载大气红外高分辨率光谱的信息量分析

机载红外高分辨率干涉光谱仪（HIS）是遥感大气信息的大气红外背景辐射测量装置。基于HIS红外高光谱大气数据,对大气温度和主要大气吸收气体进行了敏感性分析;并通过引入信息容量的概念,利用一维变分方法,对HIS测量装置遥感探测大气参数的能力进行评估,定量描述了HIS测量的红外光谱反演大气温度和水汽的信息容量、自由度和垂直分辨率等信息,其中温度、水汽的信息容量分别为49.5、25.2;自由度分别为10.5、5.6,温度的平均垂直分辨率为2.2 km,水汽的垂直分辨率为2 km;讨论了HIS的反演精度与仪器测量误差之间的关系,获取了大气温湿廓线的最小可探测精度。     

FY-4A大气垂直探测仪 (GIIRS) 温度探测通道优选

针对中国第二代静止气象卫星风云四号(FY-4A)的干涉式大气垂直探测仪(GIIRS),从信息容量的角度,运用分步迭代法,以及精确型辐射传输模式LBLRTM,进行温度探测通道优选试验。计算得到在全球范围反演温度廓线的56个优选通道以及FY-4A探测范围的58个优选通道,所选通道自身信息容量较高,相互之间相关性小,可应用于大气温度廓线反演和数据同化研究。     

风云四号A星干涉式大气垂直探测仪在轨定标及性能评价

干涉式大气垂直探测仪(GIIRS)是风云四号A星(FY-4A)的三大主载荷之一,其主要功能是实现大气温度和湿度参数的垂直结构观测.为了满足卫星数据定量化应用的要求,FY-4A星成功发射之后,围绕GIIRS开展了一系列的在轨定标和性能评价工作.评价结果表明:除部分通道受到有机挥发物的影响,85%的通道灵敏度优于设计指标;利用大气辐射传输模式,通过比较观测光谱与模拟光谱的均方根误差来确定激光有效采样频率,实现了GIIRS在轨光谱定标,精度达到10 ppm;利用星上面源黑体,考虑到非理想干涉图的相位影响,采用改进后的两点式外黑体定标法,实现了星上在轨辐射定标,长波和中波的平均亮温偏差均小于1 K,优于设计指标.     

基于探空资料的上海台风季GIIRS/FY-4A卫星温度廓线反演精度研究

利用上海宝山站L波段探空资料,分析台风季无云、有云和全天空条件下不同质量控制以及台风登陆前后24 h内FY-4A干涉式大气垂直探测仪(Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder, GIIRS)温度资料的反演精度。结果表明：(1) GIIRS温度反演产品在无云条件下反演精度最高,质量控制为0的数据均方根误差(Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE)为1.74 K,表明该产品在对流层中上层具有一定可信度。(2)云层降低了GIIRS温度反演的精度,有云条件下质量控制为0的数据RMSE为3.57 K,超出了美国环境监测系统给出的标准误差范围。(3)有云天空条件下,当温度大于230 K时,GIIRS反演温度均低于探空数据。(4)台风“安比”、“云雀”登陆前24 h内,在500 hPa高度至近地面附近和对流层顶,GIIRS反演温度偏高;台风“云雀”登陆后24 h内,GIIRS在800 hPa高度至近地面附近反演温度偏低,并且反演会产生大量无效值。     

风云四号大气垂直探测仪在气象预报中应用

发射于2016年12月11日的风云四号卫星上搭载了国际上首台工作于静止轨道的高光谱红外大气垂直探测仪(GIIRS),该仪器主要用于探测地球大气的温度和湿度的垂直分布和变化,观测的数据实时同化到GRAPES全球预报系统,首次实现了大范围、高频次针对敏感区的卫星高光谱探测和实时资料同化应用,对目前的气象预报能力产生显著影响,尤其对台风强度和路径的预报更加精准.本文简要介绍了风四大气垂直探测仪的测量原理和在天气预报中的应用情况,并对未来的发展趋势给予了展望.     

风云四号大气垂直探测仪在气象预报中应用（英文）

发射于2016年12月11日的风云四号卫星上搭载了国际上首台工作于静止轨道的高光谱红外大气垂直探测仪(GIIRS),该仪器主要用于探测地球大气的温度和湿度的垂直分布和变化,观测的数据实时同化到GRAPES全球预报系统,首次实现了大范围、高频次针对敏感区的卫星高光谱探测和实时资料同化应用,对目前的气象预报能力产生显著影响,尤其对台风强度和路径的预报更加精准.本文简要介绍了风四大气垂直探测仪的测量原理和在天气预报中的应用情况,并对未来的发展趋势给予了展望.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.