轻油球罐的安全设计评定

以某采油厂天然气处理站改扩建工程轻油球罐的设计为例,从减少焊缝长度、方便钢板的供货尺寸、满足球壳板的整体刚度及保障球罐安全运营等角度出发,采用了一种有别于其他文献中所规定的新的球壳型式,确定了球壳的分带数和各带球壳的分瓣数。针对这种新结构型式下球壳板的具体几何关系,总结、提炼出各球壳板几何尺寸的计算公式;进一步结合具体参数,计算得出各几何尺寸的数值。将计算结果与其他文献的相应数据进行比较,验证了新的球壳结构型式的优越性。     

2000m3低温丙烯球罐球壳板型式和材料的选择

大型球罐球壳板型式和材料的选择是设计的首要环节,从这两方面论述了设计时选择的过程。     

混合式球罐球壳板的表面积及重量

本篇文章是有关混合式球罐各块球壳板表面积及重量的计算,以高等数学的方法推导出了结果,给出了简单的推导过程及计算公式,把计算结果结合JB/T4711-92《球形储罐型式与基本参数》中球罐排板方法统一汇编成了《球壳板表面积及重量表》,供从事这方面工作的同志参考,为排板材料利用率,经济性评估及方案选择提供方便。     

混合式球罐球壳板的表面积及重量

本篇文章是有关混合式球罐各块球壳板表面积及重量的计算，以高等数学的方法推导出了结果，给出了简单的推导过程及计算公式，把计算结果结合ＪＢ／Ｔ４７１１－９２《球形储罐型式与基本参数》中球罐排板方法统一汇编成了《球壳板表面积及重量表》，供从事这方面工作的同志参考，为排板材料利用率，经济性评估及方案选择提供方便。     

混合式球罐CAD三维实体的应用

近年来,随着世界各国综合国力和科学技术水平的不断提高,球罐的制造水平也正在迅速发展。对于球壳板的几何尺寸计算方面,计算方法已经成熟而且较为精确,但对于球壳板重量计算方面仍然采用常规的计算方法,存在一定的误差且计算麻烦,这给球罐材料利用率及经济性计算带来很大困难。本文以1000m~3球罐为例,简述利用CAD三维实体方法分割球壳板及其他应用,能快速准确地进行设计计算。     

基于ASME大型球罐有限元分析

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对4000 m³大型球罐进行整体建模, 对其在不同操作工况下进行应力分析。同时研究球罐模型的建模方法、各种载荷的施加方法, 并采用ASME规范对球罐支柱和球壳连接处等多个部位进行应力评定, 总结出完整的应力分析方法, 从而为球罐的结构设计提供指导。经计算, 组合工况, 自重+设计压力+25%风载荷+地震载荷应力结果最大, 球壳上最大应力点发生在支柱与球壳连接处的最高点。球罐的最大应力值发生在支撑和球壳的连接部位, 说明支撑与球壳的连接处是薄弱点, 设计时应给予关注, 增加支柱与球壳连接长度能有效降低应力集中水平。     

3000m~3薄壁球罐设计中的若干问题

大型薄壁球罐其球壳板壁薄、单片尺寸大、刚性差,因而在设计阶段与常规球罐相比有所不同。对薄壁球罐设计中面临的问题进行了分析与计算,包括球罐选材、刚度计算、球罐结构的确定和制造安装的施工要求等方面,可为其它大型薄壁球罐的设计提供参考。     

大型球罐应力分析与安全评定研究

随着对球罐安全性和经济性要求的不断提高,分析设计方法已经成为球罐设计的趋势,采用分析设计可以减小球壳板壁厚,有效降低建设成本。本文基于分析设计的思想,对大型球罐进行系统应力分析和强度评定,分析表明在正常运行工况下,球壳(非支柱区域)应力强度最大处在球壳底部;球壳(支柱区域)应力强度最大处在球壳与支柱连接部位的顶部;上支柱应力强度最大处在支柱顶部处。     

混合式球罐球壳板表面积及重量的计算用表

本文提供以高等数学方法推导出混合式球罐各块球壳板的理论表面积及重量的计算公式，并根据ＪＢ／Ｔ４７１１－９２《球形储罐型式与基本参数》编制成以面积系数形式的计算用表，能快速准确地进行设计计算。     

在用球罐支柱垂直度偏差范围研究

针对在用球罐支柱垂直度偏差超标,其安全性不确定问题展开研究。首先在3D软件中创建支柱与球壳连接方式为赤道正切U形柱结构的1 000、5 000 m3球罐模型,然后采用有限元法研究球罐支柱与球壳连接部位应力分布情况,接着通过水压试验验证创建模型的准确度,最后重点研究垂直度偏差对支柱球壳相连接部位应力影响。通过研究,得到球罐支柱与球壳连接部位的应力分布,以及支柱垂直度偏差值与连接部位Von Mise应力对应关系曲线,研究结果为检验员及球罐使用客户提供了可参考的依据。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。