应用Ilizarov支架一期矫正儿童创伤后下肢成角伴短缩畸形

目的 探讨应用Ilizarov支架以一期手术、渐进矫形的方法治疗儿童创伤后下肢成角伴短缩畸形的可行性以及根据畸形的病理变化正确组装支架的方法.方法 对2005年3月至2007年9月间收治的6例创伤后下肢成角伴短缩畸形患儿采用上述方法治疗.术前常规拍摄双下肢全长站立位X线片,测量患肢短缩和成角畸形的程度并确定成角旋转中心的位置.术中安装支架时,铰链安置在成角旋转中心水平.术后7 d开始通过调整支架螺杆渐进矫正成角和短缩畸形并且每2周拍摄X线片观察畸形矫正和新骨生长情况.全长X线片证实恢复了下肢机械轴线和长度后停止调整支架,每月拍摄X线片复查,待新生骨痂矿化满意后去除外固定支架.随访中记录肢体长度、畸形有无复发以及关节活动范围,并根据X线片观察下肢力线、关节水平线与机械轴线角度以及新牛骨塑形情况.结果 6例患儿中除1例于骨折畸形愈合部位截骨矫形,邻近骨段延长外,余5例均利用微创截骨部位完成矫形与延长.术后平均矫正成角畸形34.8°(20°～58°),平均延长5.3 cm(3.5～6.5 cm).所有患儿下肢机械力线恢 复,相关关节角度恢复至正常范围,双下肢等长.末次随访时X线片显示延长骨痂愈合良好.结论 应 用Ilizarov支架一期矫正儿童下肢成角伴短缩畸形安全、可靠,可精确恢复下肢长度与机械轴线.术前 须科学分析畸形的病理变化,正确设计支架铰链的水平与位置.     

不同骨延长器治疗肢体畸形并大段骨缺损

[目的]利用Ilizarov支架、Orthofix肢体重建系统（Orthofix LRS）及Hybrid固定系统（Hybrid Fixation System）与Orthofix LRS的组合，对不同的肢体畸形并大段骨缺损进行矫形及骨延长治疗，同时观察其疗效。[方法]自2000年8月-2004年3月分别用Ilizarov支架、Orthofix LRS及Hybrid支架与Orthofix LRS的组合进行骨痂牵开／骨段滑移治疗合并肢体畸形的大段骨缺损。畸形处采用线形／楔形截骨。畸形愈合并骨短缩者楔形截骨后进行骨痂牵开骨延长术，骨不连并畸形及短缩者接合点加压与截骨矫形骨段滑移延长同时进行。[结果]矫正股骨短缩畸形7cm1例，胫骨6例，内翻畸形2例，后成角畸形2例，混合畸形2例。平均延长5．3cm（4．5—7cm），平均延长时间3．5个月，平均延长后外固定时间7个月，无神经血管损伤，膝踝关节活动未受影响。[结论]Ilizarov支架、Orthofix LRS、Hybrid固定系统与Orthofix LRS的组合用于骨痂牵开／骨段滑移治疗合并肢体畸形的大段骨缺损均能达到矫形及骨延长的治疗目的。Orthofix LRS及Hybrid固定系统与Orthofix LRS的组合较Ilizarov支架操作简便，安全可靠，患者乐于接受。     

Ilizarov技术结合组合性手术治疗先天性腓侧半肢畸形

[目的]探讨先天性腓侧半肢畸形特点及Ilizarov技术结合组合性手术的疗效。[方法]回顾性研究2001年12月~2014年7月本科收治的30例先天性腓侧半肢畸形患者临床资料,男20例,女10例,年龄1~25岁,平均13岁;Achterman分型:ⅠA型3例3肢,ⅠB型12例13肢,Ⅱ型15例17肢;伴足踝部畸形:马蹄内翻3例3足,马蹄外翻27例30足;腓侧跖列缺失:第5列缺失9例10足,第4、5列缺失13例15足,第3、4、5列缺失2例,6例无跖列缺失。手术方法:腓侧束带切除、腓骨肌腱延长、跟腱延长30例33肢,胫骨下段截骨矫形20例23肢,胫骨近端截骨延长18例次(包括二次手术实施延长者),股骨延长2例。所有患者均采用Ilizarov技术进行矫形和延长。[结果]30例患者均获随访,时间14~130个月,平均39个月;手术次数1次4例,2次12例,3次9例,4次5例;所有患者末次随访时小腿短缩及足踝部畸形均获大部分矫正,恢复跖行足,行走功能及步态较术前均获显著改善。参照作者制定的腓侧半肢畸形肢体功能评价标准,结果优21例,良8例,可1例,优良率96.7%。[结论]先天性腓侧半肢畸形是一种综合征,临床上常见的是部分或全部腓骨缺如,并伴有胫骨、股骨、踝关节及足部畸形等;采用软组织松解结合Ilizarov技术延长矫形手术可取得满意的疗效。     

Ilizarov牵拉组织再生技术矫正膝关节重度复合畸形

[目的]探讨Ilizarov牵拉组织再生技术矫正膝关节重度复合畸形(膝关节有2种以上畸形存在,如膝屈曲合并内翻、下肢短缩等)的器械构型、手术方法、术后管理程序与疗效。[方法]遵照Ilizarov牵拉组织再生技术的原理,研制了具有三维矫形功能的膝关节牵伸矫正器,需要同期做下肢延长者,在矫正器的基础上加延长附件。根据膝关节复合畸形的不同类型和骨骼畸形部位,在股骨髁上或胫骨上端截骨,跨膝关节穿针安装固定牵伸矫正器,术后7d缓慢旋转螺纹牵伸杆及其相连的4个万向关节,膝关节的软组织屈曲挛缩、以及并存的膝内翻、外翻、旋转、下肢短缩等骨性畸形能同期缓缓矫正,在牵拉矫正畸形的过程中,患肢可以部分参与持重行走。截骨牵拉处骨愈合后,拆牵伸器,装配膝关节矫形支具行走3~6个月。自1996年5月~2004年2月,共矫正重度膝关节复合畸形14例,年龄5~41岁,平均27岁。共7个病种,其中幼年时膝关节骨骺损伤或感染致膝关节发育畸形4例,其他原因导致膝关节复合畸形10例。[结果]14个病例术后的关节牵拉及骨愈合时间80~390d,平均154d。全部病例膝关节复合畸形皆获满意矫正,双下肢基本等长,行走功能恢复良好,无1例发生针道严重感染、血管、神经损伤、骨不愈合的并发症,但皆并发不同程度的膝关节僵硬。[结论]牵拉成骨技术矫正膝关节重度复合畸形,能够用微创的矫形外科技术同期矫正重度膝关节屈曲、内翻、外翻、小腿旋转和下肢短缩畸形,畸形矫正符合生物学原理,获得了用传统骨科技术无法达到的疗效,具有良好的应用前景。     

胫骨成角短缩畸形数字化三维精准矫形研究

目的探讨三维数字化骨科技术和Ilizarov环形外固定架辅助胫骨成角短缩畸形精准矫形的效果。方法 2012年6月—2016年8月收治胫骨成角伴短缩畸形患者26例,其中男12例,女14例;年龄1~19岁,平均16.5岁。先天性胫骨假关节患者6例,胫骨、股骨纤维结构不良1例,小儿麻痹后遗症导致肢体短缩畸形3例,骨折畸形愈合16例。术前患侧肢体短缩1.5~9.5 cm,平均6.2 cm。采取数字化骨科技术分析患肢三维空间存在的畸形,模拟截骨矫形和延长的手术过程,计算机辅助设计(computer aided design,CAD)、3D打印个性化辅助截骨矫形导航模板,借助外固定架辅助胫骨延长。术后定期复查X线片,随访观察新生骨塑形情况、肢体延长长度、下肢力线、成角畸形有无复发。结果术后患者均获随访,随访时间14~48个月,平均18.8个月。1例发生针孔浅表感染,经清洁换药和口服抗生素治疗后愈合。无骨不连、足部马蹄状畸形、血管神经损伤等并发症发生。术后1周复查X线片示胫骨畸形完全矫正,下肢负重力线恢复正常。所有患者按照术前计划完成骨延长长度,牵移骨痂矿化时间为12~20周,平均11.6周;外固定架拆除时间为18~26周,平均14.9周;愈合指数为21~78 d/cm,平均63.4 d/cm。延长过程中1例患儿膝关节屈曲活动较健侧减少15°,经理疗锻炼后好转,并完成肢体延长达到预期矫正效果。结论采用三维数字化技术辅助胫骨畸形实施精准矫形,借助外固定架辅助矫形术后肢体延长,可获得较好疗效,保证了手术的安全性、微创性和精准性。     

Ilizarov外固定器矫正膝关节畸形

 目的 总结Ilizarov外固定器矫正膝关节畸形的临床特点与效果。方法 回顾性分析2003年5月至2010年4月,采用Ilizarov外固定器矫正膝关节畸形的21例（22膝）患者资料,男12例,女9例;年龄8~38岁,平均20.3岁。致畸原因：儿麻后遗症4例,烧伤后遗畸形2例,骨髓炎后遗畸形2例,创伤后遗畸形9例,Blount病2例,多发性骨软骨瘤病2例。其中软组织屈曲挛缩5例,采用跨关节铰链Ilizarov支架组合,后侧逐步牵伸矫正;单纯骨性成角畸形8例（9膝）、骨性成角畸形伴骨短缩7例,采用4柱铰链支架组合,先矫正成角畸形,再牵伸延长矫正骨短缩;骨与软组织复合畸形1例,采用以上两种支架的叠加组合。结果 21例患者佩戴Ilizarov支架的时间为12~36周,平均22.3周;拆除支架时膝关节畸形均获满意矫正,其中16例（17膝）截骨或骨延长者均获得坚实骨性愈合。所有患者均获6~86个月随访,平均32.1个月。关节活动度由术前的102.14°±49.36°改善为随访时126.90°±24.31°。根据日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA） 膝关节骨关节炎治疗效果判定标准评定患膝功能,术前为（50.24±23.64）分,随访时为（85.71±10.52）分。所有患者随访时均可不扶拐徒手行走,且均可独立生活。2例患膝关节活动度＜ 90°,不能下蹲。结论 Ilizarov外固定器矫正膝关节畸形疗效确切,具有手术创伤小,可随时灵活调整的优点,但也存在与长时间带架相关的缺点。     

Ilizarov肢体延长技术治疗桡骨远端损伤骨骺早闭短缩畸形

[目的]探讨Ilizarov肢体延长技术治疗桡骨远端损伤骨骺早闭短缩畸形的临床疗效。[方法]2011年7月~2014年10月对7例桡骨远端损伤骨骺早闭短缩畸形患者应用Ilizarov肢体延长技术治疗,将组装好的外固定支架按照Ilizarov技术理念及穿针原则安装在前臂设定位置,桡骨截骨后通过旋转螺母延长矫正桡骨远端短缩畸形,恢复桡骨高度及下尺桡关节和掌倾角与尺偏角,然后固定前臂中立位8~12周,前臂及腕关节康复训练。[结果]7例患者术后随访时间18~36个月,平均26个月。拆除外固定后腕关节功能依据Lidstrom评分标准评定:优5例,良1例,可1例。[结论]Ilizarov肢体延长技术是治疗桡骨远端骨骺损伤早闭后短缩畸形的有效手段。     

同期跟腱延长及胫骨延长术治疗合并马蹄足的下肢短缩畸形

目的：介绍应用半环式外固定架渐进性骨牵伸延长并同期行跟腱延长术治疗合并马蹄足的下肢短缩畸形的经验。方法：36例合并马蹄足的下肢短缩患者同期行跟腱延长及胫骨延长术,骨延长采用胫骨上端舌型截骨或胫骨上端骨骺牵开。半环式外固定架缓慢延长。结果：36例患者骨延长4-9cm,平均6.5cm。均达预期长度,马蹄足畸形矫正和功能恢复达到术前设计的矫正效果。结论：本术式能减少合并马蹄足的下肢短缩畸形矫正手术次数和术后畸形发生,并有利于术后功能锻炼。     

Ilizarov外固定器治疗肥大性骨不连

 目的 探讨采用Ilizarov外固定器治疗肥大性骨不连的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2008年6月至2010年12月,采用Ilizarov环型外固定器直接牵张治疗肥大性骨不连患者的病例,男10例,女2例;年龄22～62岁,平均46.5岁;肱骨中段1例,股骨髁上2例,胫骨中段3例,胫骨中下1/3交界处6例;患肢畸形成角10°～35°,平均25°,其中2例为双平面畸形,10例为单平面畸形;肢体短缩2～6 cm,平均3.5 cm。所有患者术前均拍摄双下肢全长X线片。对骨断端尽量不切开,局部不植骨,直接安装预构的Ilizarov外固定器。对局部留存内固定物者,采用微创的方法取出,尽量保护骨断端血供。术后第7天开始进行矫形延长,断端处每天延长0.25 mm。在恢复肢体长度的同时,矫正成角畸形,对双平面畸形,先矫正冠状面畸形,再矫正矢状面畸形。结果 12例骨不连患者均通过断端直接牵张成骨而获得骨性愈合, 骨断端无需植骨。骨性愈合时间6～12个月,平均8个月。成角畸形和肢体不等长全部获得矫正。畸形矫正时间15～35 d,平均24 d。畸形矫正10°～30°,平均23°。患肢延长2.0～5.5 cm,平均3.0 cm。随访6～18个月,平均14个月,所有患者获得的矫形均未丢失。结论 肥大性骨不连断端间纤维骨痂有活跃的成骨潜能,采用Ilizarov外固定器治疗肥大性骨不连可取得满意的疗效。     

Ilizarov外固定架治疗青少年Ⅲ度马蹄内翻足畸形

目的探讨Ilizarov外固定架治疗青少年Ⅲ度马蹄内翻足畸形的临床疗效。方法应用研究Ilizarov技术,结合有限矫形手术治疗12例多种原因引起的青少年Ⅲ度马蹄内翻足畸形患者(17足)。术后佩戴外固定架。结果 12例均获随访,时间12~49个月。佩戴外固定架时间8~12周。畸形矫正均满意,截骨处均骨性愈合,足负重行走功能良好。根据国际马蹄足畸形研究会(ICFSG)评分系统:优10足,良6足,可1足。无严重并发症发生。结论应用Ilizarov技术结合有限的矫形手术,遵循个体化和局限化的原则,能够矫正传统矫形手术难以治疗的Ⅲ度马蹄内翻足畸形,疗效满意。     

Ilizarov技术矫正足踝畸形的器械研究与临床应用

[目的]根据Ilizarov技术的基本原理,研究、探讨矫正不同类别足踝畸形的器械构型、适应证扩展、手术方法与临床应用的效果。[方法]根据中国患者马蹄足、高弓足、跟行足和前足内收或外翻畸形足的病理改变特点与矫形要求,在Ilizarov环形外固定器构型的基础上,设计完成了标准的矫正马蹄足、高弓足、跟行足和前足内收或外翻的4种外固定矫形器构型,并进行了力学测试。创新的扩展了Ilizarov矫正瘢痕性马蹄足、类风湿性关节炎和先天性腓骨缺如所致的重度足外翻畸形。[结果]新设计的4种足踝外固定器,经过临床应用,证实了器械结构合理,安装与调节方便,牵张应力根据需要能进行适度调整,临床治疗105例足踝畸形患者,均获得满意的畸形矫正与功能恢复,无1例出现较严重的并发症。[结论]新设计的4种足踝矫形器构型,结构简便、实用,性能优良、能够满足Ilizarov技术的矫形需求。Ilizarov技术对严重足、踝畸形的矫正,具有其它技术不能替代的满意疗效。     

Ilizarov技术治疗儿童下肢畸形

目的 介绍Ilizaro技术治疗儿童下肢畸形的临床经验。方法 采用Ilizaro技术治疗31例下肢畸形患儿，2例为先天性胫骨假关节以往植骨内固定治疗失败，4例为骨髓为后骨不连，植骨后短缩，11例为下肢短缩，8例为先天性马蹄内翻足，4例为下肢骨折，1例为骨纤维发育异常，1例为软骨发育不全性侏儒。结果 31例均达到预期目的。结论 应用Ilizaro技术可以在修复骨缺损的同时矫正肢体不等工，假关节切除后延长与加压可以同时进行。Ilizaro三维相结合可矫正足内翻下垂畸形。双下肢同步延长可治疗软骨发育不全性侏儒。     

Tibial lengthening and concomitant foot deformity correction in 14 patients with permanent deformity after poliomyelitis

BACKGROUND: In neuromuscular diseases, limb lengthening and foot deformity correction are associated with a high risk of complications associated with distraction callus and joint contracture. We have found no published articles of tibial lengthening and concomitant foot deformity correction using the Ilizarov method or traditional methods. To compare result of gradual distraction with triple arthrodesis for foot deformity combined with tibial lengthening, we investigated healing index and complications of two methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 14 patients with permanent deformity after poliomyelitis who underwent tibial lengthening and concomitant foot deformity correction using the Ilizarov external fixator. Tibial lengthening over an intramedullary nail was performed in 3 patients and lengthening without a nail was performed in 11 patients. RESULTS: The mean external fixation time was 6 (3.6-10) months without nail and 1.6 (1.5-1.7) months with nail, whereas the mean healing index was 1.8 (0.8-3.1) months/cm without nail and 2 (1.8-2.3) months/cm with nail. Concomitant foot treatments included triple arthrodesis in 7 patients, pantalar arthrodesis in 2 patients with flail ankle, and gradual foot frame distraction without bony foot procedures in 5 patients. Delayed consolidation and recurrent equinus contracture of the ankle requiring additional lengthening of the Achilles tendon were the most common bone and joint complications during tibial lengthening. INTERPRETATION: The gradual foot frame distraction method was associated with major complications, such as recurrent foot deformity, joint luxation, and arthritis. We therefore recommend triple arthrodesis as a concomitant procedure during tibial lengthening     

Assessment of percutaneous V osteotomy of the calcaneus with Ilizarov application for correction of complex foot deformities

Complex foot deformity can be described as a foot with multiplanar abnormalities with or without shortening of the foot. Conventional surgical treatment may not be able to correct these deformities. In this study we evaluate the results of percutaneous V osteotomy of the calcaneus with an Ilizarov external fixator for treatment of complex foot deformity. Twenty feet with a complex deformity were treated by the Ilizarov method in 15 patients. The aetiologic factors were neglected or relapsed clubfoot (13 patients) and poliomyelitis (2 patients). All patients underwent percutaneous V osteotomy of the calcaneus and gradual correction of the deformity using Ilizarov's method. The mean duration of fixator application was 9.5 months (range, 6-13 months). The mean follow-up period was 1.8 years (range, 1 to 3 years). At the time of fixator removal, a plantigrade foot was achieved in 18 cases; gait was improved in all patients. There was residual varus deformity in two patients. A pin-tract infection was observed in all patients. No recurrence of the deformity occurred. The V osteotomy offers the most options for correction of complex foot deformities. Percutaneous technique is particularly useful for the complex foot deformity that has poor skin coverage, with poor blood supply. Gradual correction with the Ilizarov method yields good results for complex foot deformities.     

Tibial lengthening and concomitant foot deformity correction in 14 patients with permanent deformity after poliomyelitis

Background In neuromuscular diseases, limb lengthening and foot deformity correction are associated with a high risk of complications associated with distraction callus and joint contracture. We have found no published articles of tibial lengthening and concomitant foot deformity correction using the Ilizarov method or traditional methods. To compare result of gradual distraction with triple arthrodesis for foot deformity combined with tibial lengthening, we investigated healing index and complications of two methods.

Patients and methods We reviewed 14 patients with permanent deformity after poliomyelitis who underwent tibial lengthening and concomitant foot deformity correction using the Ilizarov external fixator. Tibial lengthening over an intramedullary nail was performed in 3 patients and lengthening without a nail was performed in 11 patients.

Results The mean external fixation time was 6 (3.6- 10) months without nail and 1.6 (1.5-1.7) months with nail, whereas the mean healing index was 1.8 (0.8-3.1) months/cm without nail and 2 (1.8-2.3) months/cm with nail. Concomitant foot treatments included triple arthrodesis in 7 patients, pantalar arthrodesis in 2 patients with fiail ankle, and gradual foot frame distraction without bony foot procedures in 5 patients. Delayed consolidation and recurrent equinus contracture of the ankle requiring additional lengthening of the Achilles tendon were the most common bone and joint complications during tibial lengthening.

Interpretation The gradual foot frame distraction method was associated with major complications, such as recurrent foot deformity, joint luxation, and arthritis. We therefore recommend triple arthrodesis as a concomitant procedure during tibial lengthening     

Versatility of Ilizarov external fixator in management of foot and ankle deformity

Abstract Traditional methods of correcting foot deformities may be difficult to apply in some conditions, especially in presence of other lower limb problems. This study discusses the versatility of Ilizarov external fixator (IEF) in such cases. It was performed in 34 foot deformities in 33 patients, treated with IEF between 1997 and 1999. The average age of the patients was 15 years. The aetiology of foot deformity was recurrent congenital talipes equinovarus (n=10), neglected congenital talipes equinovarus (n=3), poliomyelitis (n=9), post-traumatic deformity (n=6), post-burn deformity (n=1), arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (n=2), and cerebral palsy, fibular hemimelia and tibial hemimelia (1 case each). Unconstrained IEF was applied for the foot in all cases. The leg construct was applied according to the target: foot deformity alone or associated with other leg problems. IEF construct was extended to the femur in cases with flexion knee deformity and hinges were added. Follow-up continued until overcorrection was maintained for the same period of correction followed by an appropriate cast for 8 weeks. The mean time for deformity correction and Ilizarov stabilisation was 16 weeks, and follow-up period was 23.1 months. The results were good in 31, fair in 2 and bad in 1. Additional procedures were performed, most often in the same operating time. Primary arthrodesis was done for 5 feet and for one revision of failed previous arthrodesis. Open corrective osteotomy for arthrodesis was performed in 2 cases. Two females were treated for flexion knee with bloodless technique. Wire-site infections, wire cut-through a calcaneum and metatarsals and fracture post-IEF removal were observed. Although it is technically difficult, IEF can be considered an effective and versatile way of treating foot and other associated lower limb problems through one-reconstruction attack.     

Ilizarov技术微创治疗儿童僵硬型马蹄内翻足

目的探讨利用Ilizarov外固定架治疗儿童僵硬型马蹄内翻足畸形的临床疗效及影像学评估。方法 2009年1月至2012年6月利用Ilizarov外固定架治疗25例30足儿童僵硬性马蹄内翻足畸形患者,术前对患者进行常规足部X线检查,测量正位跟距角(talocalcaneal angle of anteroposterior radiograph,TCA-AP)、侧位跟距角(talocalcaneal angle of lateral radiograph,TCA-LAT)、正位距骨-第1跖骨角(talo-first metatarsal angle of anteroposterior radiograph,TMT1-AP),根据患者实际情况选择合适的外固定架,术中按照Ilizarov固定原则固定于患者胫骨及足部相应位置。术后第5天开始调整外固定架螺母,以1 mm/d,6次/d的幅度进行调整,直至畸形得到完全纠正,并适当过伸。将患足固定于过伸矫正位4~6周,期间佩戴外固定架行走。拆除外固定后定期复查X线,测量并对比相关数据。结果 25例患者均得到随访,随访时间8个月~2年,平均随访12个月。所有患者调整外固定架矫形期间均未见血管神经损伤等症状。术后5~7周踝关节恢复到中立位,平均固定时间14周。按Garceau标准评定,优23足,良4足,差3足。治疗前后比较,TCA-AP、TCA-LAT明显增大(P0.001),TMT1-AP明显减小(P0.001),差异均有统计学意义。结论 Ilizarov技术对于儿童僵硬型马蹄足治疗效果明显,具有微创、安全、操作简单等优点,且影像学数据改善明显,可作为评价矫形效果的有效指标。     

有限矫形手术与Ilizarov技术治疗青少年先天性马蹄内翻足

目的观察应用有限矫形手术与Ilizarov技术治疗青少年先天性马蹄内翻足(congenital clubfoot,CCF)的临床疗效,探讨CCF外科矫正与功能重建新技术、新理念。方法 2003年9月-2010年7月,收治25例40足青少年CCF。男14例20足,女11例20足;年龄12～25岁,平均15.7岁。左足4例,右足6例,双足15例。根据秦氏马蹄内翻足畸形分度:Ⅰ度9足,Ⅱ度17足,Ⅲ度14足。合并小腿内旋畸形9足,右侧髋关节半脱位1例。采用有限软组织松解与骨性截骨手术后,9足Ⅰ度畸形者安装组合式外固定器,31足残留畸形安装Ilizarov外固定牵伸器。术后5～7 d开始矫正,以0.5～1.0 mm/d为宜;待踝关节矫正至过伸5～10°,足呈轻度外翻后停止牵伸,矫正位携带外固定架并负重行走4～6周。双足畸形患者分两期进行手术,手术间隔3～6个月,平均4个月。结果 9足术后佩戴组合式外固定器6～12周,平均8周;31足佩戴Ilizarov外固定牵伸器6～17周,平均13周。患者均获随访,随访时间8个月～6年,平均37个月。牵拉矫形期间6例6足发生针道轻度感染,均经对症处理后感染消失。术后2年1例1足畸形部分复发,经再次安装Ilizarov外固定牵伸器负重行走4周,矫正满意;其余畸形足在随访期内均获得满意矫正和全足底持重。末次随访时根据国际马蹄足畸形研究会(ICFSG)的评分系统,获优28足,良10足,可2足,优良率95%。结论有限矫形手术结合Ilizarov技术矫治青少年CCF,符合生物学原理和微创外科原则,安全、微创、疗效确切。该马蹄内翻足手术矫形策略遵循骨科自然重建理念,尤其适用于传统矫形骨科手术难以治疗的Ⅲ度CCF。     

Ilizarov treatment of tibial nonunions with bone loss

Twenty-five patients aged 19-62 years were treated for tibial nonunions (22 atrophic, three hypertrophic) with bone loss (1-23 cm, mean 6.2 cm) by the Ilizarov technique and fixator. Thirteen had chronic osteomyelitis, 19 had a limb-length discrepancy (2-11 cm), 12 had a bony defect (1-16 cm), and 13 had a deformity. Six had a bone defect with no shortening, 13 had shortening with no defect, and six had both a bone defect and shortening. Nonunion, bone defects, limb shortening, and deformity can all be addressed simultaneously with the Ilizarov apparatus. Bone defects were closed from within without bone grafts by the Ilizarov bone transport technique of sliding a bone fragment internally, producing distraction osteogenesis behind it until the defect is bridged (internal lengthening). Length was reestablished by distraction of a percutaneous corticotomy or through compression and subsequent distraction of the pseudarthrosis site (external lengthening). Distraction osteogenesis resulting from both processes obviated the need for a bone graft in every case. Deformity was corrected by means of hinges on the apparatus. Infection was treated by radical resection of the necrotic bone and internal lengthening to regenerate the excised bone. Union was achieved in all cases. The mean time to union was 13.6 months, but it was only 10.6 months if the time taken for unsuccessful compression-distraction of the nonunion is eliminated from the calculation. The bone results were excellent in 18 cases, good in five, and fair in two based on union in all cases, persistent infection in three, deformity in four, and limb shortening in one. The functional results were excellent in 16 cases, good in seven, fair in one, and poor in one based on return to work and daily activities in all cases, limp in four cases, equinus deformity in five cases, dystrophy in four cases, pain in four cases, and voluntary amputation for neurogenic pain in one case.