牛乳铁蛋白肽衍生肽结构设计及其在毕赤酵母中表达后的活性分析

本研究通过抗菌肽数据库和生物信息学等工具对牛乳铁蛋白肽衍生肽(LfcinBD)的结构进行优化设计,将衍生肽LfcinB-W4的基因片段在毕赤酵母GS115表达。发酵实验结果表明当甲醇诱导浓度为2.5%,发酵时间为96 h时,发酵上清液对金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌具有很强的抑制作用,其效果与50 mg/mL的氨苄青霉素抑菌效果相当,高于LFcinB。发酵上清液冷冻干燥浓缩后,10倍的发酵上清浓缩液其抑菌效果为同体积50 mg/m L的氨苄青霉素的2.5倍。用Tricine-SDS-PAGE检测到相对分子质量约为3.2 kDa的衍生肽LFcinB-W4。实验通过生物信息学工具设计得到抑菌活性高于LFcinB的衍生肽,为下一步分析牛乳铁蛋白肽功能与结构关系奠定了基础。     

重组牛乳铁蛋白肽衍生肽设计及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

利用抗菌肽数据库和生物信息学分析工具,基于抗菌肽结构和功能的关系,设计了LFcin B衍生肽LFcin B-W4,10。为了验证衍生肽设计的合理性及表达产物功能正确性,将优化设计的基因序列经限制性内切酶酶切后,用T4 DNA连接酶连接到分泌型表达载体p PIC9K中,获得的重组表达载体p PIC9K-LFcinB-W 4,10经线性化后电转入毕赤酵母GS115中,经过G418浓度梯度筛选得到高拷贝转化子。经PCR鉴定,目的基因与酵母基因组稳定整合。阳性转化子经体积分数为2. 5%的甲醇诱导表达,表达产物用Tricine-SDS-PAGE检测到相对分子质量约为3. 2 k Da的衍生肽LFcin B-W4,10。每24 h取样检测发酵上清液抑菌活性,结果表明,抗菌肽LFcin BW4,10对金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抑菌活性,诱导表达96 h时其抑菌圈直径最大。实验为探究牛乳铁蛋白肽功能-结构关系奠定了基础。     

牛乳铁蛋白肽的研究现状与应用前景

牛乳铁蛋白肽是牛乳铁蛋白在胃蛋白酶水解作用下释放出的一种含25个氨基酸残基的短肽,具有广泛而高效的抑菌活性,是一种新型的抗菌肽,在医药、食品添加剂乃至饲料业有着巨大的开发潜质。对其结构、理化性质、生物学功能、作用机制及应用前景进行详细论述,并对乳铁蛋白肽的衍生肽的研究及策略进行探讨。     

牛乳铁蛋白肽及其衍生肽生物活性与研究进展

牛乳铁蛋白肽(Lfcin B)是牛乳铁蛋白N-端在正常的消化环境下水解产生的25个氨基酸残基的短肽,具有广谱高效的抗细菌性,抗病毒,抗肿瘤等多种生物活性。作为一种新型抗菌肽,Lfcin B及其衍生肽具有很大的研究价值和潜在的应用价值。对其结构及生物学活性进行介绍,并对近年来采用基因工程技术表达Lfcin B及其衍生肽的方法技术进行了综述。     

牛乳铁蛋白衍生肽FP-PF的安全性及其抑菌机理

乳铁蛋白是乳中特有的一种新型抗菌、抗癌成分,具有广谱抗菌、消炎、抑制肿瘤细胞生长及调节机体免疫反应等作用。本试验以牛乳铁蛋白肽为基础,以对称结构理念设计的新抗菌肽FP-PF为试验对象,并以蜂毒素作为阳性对照肽,研究新型抗菌肽FP-PF的细胞毒性、溶血活性及抑菌机理。试验研究表明,在浓度1～256μmol/L范围,FP-PF的溶血率都小于5%,表明其溶血率较低;细胞存活率大于92%,表细胞毒性较小。抑菌机理研究表明,抗菌肽FP-PF能破坏细胞外膜和内膜,改变细胞渗透压和完整性,从而达到杀菌和抑菌的效果。本试验设计的新型抗菌肽FP-PF有望在食品及化妆品等领域中应用。     

新型牛乳铁蛋白衍生肽KW-WK的生物活性及其稳定性

以牛乳铁蛋白肽片段LFcinB18-28为母肽,在保留其高电荷、强疏水性的基础上,依据对称结构设计理念,引入精氨酸和色氨酸替换,设计出新型抗菌肽KWRRWQWRRWK-NH2（KW-WK）。采用圆二色谱法、微量稀释法、噻唑蓝法等方法分析KW-WK的二级结构、抑菌活性、溶血活性、细胞毒性及稳定性。结果表明,KW-WK肽在模拟水环境中呈无规卷曲状,在模拟细胞膜环境中,则呈α-螺旋结构;KW-WK肽的抑菌性强,最小抑菌浓度为4～128?μmol/L;溶血率低,当肽浓度为256?μmol/L时,其溶血率小于5%;细胞毒性小;治疗指数为9.14,细胞选择性高;热稳定性好,100?℃处理1?h后仍保持较强的抑菌活性,酶稳定性较LFcinB18-28母肽有极大的提高。因此,新型抗菌肽KW-WK在食品、医药和畜牧等领域都显示出巨大的应用潜力。     

杂合抗菌肽NK-LPd的设计、表达及抑菌活性评价

目的：了解杂合抗菌肽NK-LPd的抑菌活性，探讨进一步开发潜力。方法：用两个甘氨酸作接头连接NK-lysin和Piscidin的活性片段，生物信息学技术预测杂合抗菌肽的理化性质和功能结构，根据毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）的密码子偏好性优化杂合抗菌肽NK-LPd基因序列，重叠延伸聚合酶链式反应（gene splicing by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction,SOE-PCR）扩增基因并与分泌型表达载体pPIC9K连接，通过化学法将其转化至毕赤酵母KM71感受态细胞中，经0.5%甲醇诱导表达和亲和纯化后获得杂合抗菌肽NK-LPd，评价其抗菌活性。结果：成功构建了KM71/pPIC9K-NK-LPd，经诱导表达5 d后上清液中获得了相对分子质量约6 kDa的表达产物，与预期大小相符；抗菌活性实验表明，NK-LPd对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌均具有较强的抑菌活性，与母体肽相比，杂合抗菌肽NK-LPd的抑菌活性显著增强。结论：设计并在毕赤酵母KM71中分泌表达了杂合抗菌肽NK-LPd，其抑菌活性优于母体肽。本研究可为新型杂合抗...     

驼乳和牛乳乳清蛋白抑菌肽的分离纯化及抑菌活性的比较

本文以驼乳和牛乳的乳清蛋白为原料,经胃蛋白酶水解后,通过超滤及葡聚糖凝胶层析对其水解物进行分离纯化,其后对获得的蛋白肽进行抑菌活性、二喹啉甲酸法(BCA)蛋白浓度、相对分子质量及氨基酸组成的测定。结果表明:经超滤获得的驼乳和牛乳分子量<3 kDa的多肽片段-F3具有最强的抑菌活性,将F3(<3 kDa)组分通过层析处理得到的驼乳G-25-2和牛乳G-25-2抑菌肽纯度较高(BCA蛋白浓度分别为95.60%和95.32%);驼乳G-25-2和牛乳G-25-2组分对大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌作用,最小抑菌质量浓度分别均为32.50和65.00 mg/mL;氨基酸分析结果显示,高活性抗菌肽中的总碱性氨基酸和总疏水性氨基酸含量最高,驼乳G-25-2中分别为32.80%和65.76%,牛乳G-25-2中分别为31.77%和58.70%。本研究结果表明,驼乳与牛乳均具有抑菌效果,且其抑菌能力高于牛乳,为今后研究驼乳抑菌肽的深入研究提供理论参考。     

卵白蛋白源抗菌肽的分离纯化与结构鉴定

以卵白蛋白为原料,采用胃蛋白酶水解制备具有抑菌活性的蛋白肽。通过超滤和Superdex peptide 10/300凝胶色谱分离技术获得高抑菌性组分,以抗菌肽对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌性为试验指标,筛选最佳抑菌性组分,再进行反相高效液相色谱分离,测定分离得到的9个组分抑菌活性,发现C3组分的抑菌活性和得率最高,其中大肠杆菌及沙门氏菌抑菌圈直径分别为(19.32±1.45),(18.74±1.27)mm。最后采用高效液相色谱—电喷雾—质谱鉴定抗菌肽的结构,显示氨基酸序列为GlyLeu-Glu-Pro-Ile-Asn-Phe-Gln(GLESINFQ)。该肽经固相合成纯度为95.84%,其抑菌活性与C3组分无显著性差异(P0.05),从而证明卵白蛋白源抗菌肽发挥抑菌活性的成分主要是肽段GLESINFQ。     

合成甜味剂对牛乳铁素抗菌活性的影响

乳铁素B是牛乳铁蛋白经胃蛋白酶酶解后得到的最重要的抗菌肽,具有很强的抗菌活性。选取大肠杆菌为实验菌株,进行了合成甜味剂对乳铁素抑菌活性影响的研究。研究表明,在牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中,pH7.0,菌浓为107CFU/ml的条件下,纯化乳铁素B对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌质量浓度为20μg/ml;阿斯巴甜、甜蜜素、糖精钠在0～5mg/ml的质量浓度范围内,对乳铁素B的抗菌活性都有削弱的作用;而安塞蜜在0～5mg/ml的质量浓度范围内,对乳铁素B的抗菌活性没有太大的影响。     

Inhibition of the wine spoilage yeast Dekkera bruxellensis by bovine lactoferrin-derived peptides

The antimicrobial action of lactoferrin (LF)-derived peptides against Dekkera bruxellensis strains isolated from spoiled wines has been examined. The study included a fifteen-residue peptide (LfcinB(17-31)) derived from bovine lactoferricin B and a bovine LF pepsin hydrolysate (LFH). In vitro assays showed the inhibitory properties of LfcinB(17-31) on D. bruxellensis growth with IC(50) and MIC values in the micromolar range. Strains tested showed different sensitivity to the peptide. LfcinB(17-31) showed fungicidal properties towards all strains tested in laboratory growth medium. However, the extent of fungicidal activity was strain-dependent in must and wine, confirming the different antimicrobial action of peptides depending on both the food matrix and the target micro-organism. The binding of LfcinB(17-31) to D. bruxellensis cells was visualized by fluorescence microscopy and correlated with the fungicidal activity in the different matrixes. LfcinB(17-31) and LFH showed growth inhibitory properties in wine suggesting their potential use for spoilage control.     

Antimicrobial action of synthetic peptides towards wine spoilage yeasts

The antimicrobial action of selected short synthetic peptides against wine spoilage yeasts such as Cryptococcus albidus, Dekkera bruxellensis, Pichia membranifaciens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Zygosaccharomyces bisporus has been examined. Peptides analyzed include nine sequence-related antifungal hexapeptides (PAFs) previously developed by a combinatorial approach, and two representative lactoferricin B (LfcinB)-derived peptides. Different peptides had distinct activity profiles. In vitro assays identified the peptides PAF26, PAF36, and LfcinB(17-31), as having growth inhibitory properties towards several of the yeasts at low micromolar concentrations. Z. bailii and Z. bisporus were the most sensitive yeasts. In addition to their fungistatic activity, the three peptides showed fungicidal properties towards Z. bailii, Z. bisporus, and S. cerevisiae in laboratory growth medium. Remarkably, only LfcinB(17-31) against Z. bisporus had inhibitory and fungicidal properties in wine at the concentrations assayed, showing that the antimicrobial action of each peptide is dependent on both the food matrix and the target micro-organism. Lack of fungicidal activity of peptides against Z. bailii in wine is related to the presence of salt ions other than divalent cations. On the contrary, fungicidal activity of LfcinB(17-31) towards Z. bisporus was not significantly affected by wine salts. Our data identify a bioactive peptide from natural origin with potential use against the food spoilage yeast Z. bisporus, and indicate that the application of antimicrobial peptides in wine preservation deserves further investigation.     

土壤宏基因组中芽孢杆菌信号肽的克隆及分析

从土壤宏基因组中筛选获得在芽孢杆菌中高效分泌重组蛋白的信号肽。通过数据分析,将预测到的信号肽DNA片段与蛋白酶基因融合,在枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）WB800和地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）DL6中表达,进行胞外蛋白酶酶活测定。筛选得到25个可能来源于G+菌的信号肽序列,胞外蛋白酶活性分析的结果显示,有14个信号肽具有较好的分泌蛋白酶的能力,其中引导效果最好的信号肽（sig20）是蛋白酶自身信号肽的1.64倍。将高分泌信号肽转化到地衣芽孢杆菌中,证实其在地衣芽孢杆菌同样具有较好的引导效果。应用生物信息学与宏基因组学相结合的方法,可有效获得高效的芽孢杆菌信号肽序列,为蛋白质高效分泌表达系统的构建提供丰富的表达元件。     

丝胶抗冻肽在大肠杆菌中的重组表达及其抗冻活性初探

为了高效制备抗冻肽,研究一种丝胶抗冻肽目的基因SerD在大肠杆菌BL21菌株中的重组表达,并分析表达产物的抗冻活性。首先合成SerD基因片段,经KpnI和XhoI双酶切后定向插入质粒载体Pet32a中,构建表达质粒Pet32a-SerD,然后电转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下进行目的基因表达,利用镍琼脂糖亲和层析对目的重组蛋白进行纯化,并对其进行抗冻活性分析。结果表明,最佳表达条件为重组菌在20℃诱导16 h;通过十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-PolyAcrylamide Gel Electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)和蛋白质免疫印迹试验(Western-Blot)鉴定重组蛋白表达成功且His-SerD融合蛋白表达的分子量在25~35 kDa之间;胞内表达His-SerD融合蛋白的大肠杆菌BL21-SerD复苏后的生长活性明显高于PBL空载菌;添加His-SerD融合蛋白可明显降低溶液中冰晶颗粒大小,具有较好的重结晶抑制效果。本文通过基因工程方法在大肠杆菌中成功构建丝胶肽抗冻肽的重组表达系统,并最终获得具有抗冷冻胁迫保护作用的His-SerD融合蛋白。     

Expression and bioactivity of recombinant human lysozyme in the milk of transgenic mice

Human milk lysozyme is an important protein for innate immunity, but human breast milk is a fairly poor source for commercial production of this enzyme. Research on the expression of recombinant human lysozyme (rHlys) is therefore potentially valuable to the dairy industry. In this study, 2 different kinds of transgenic mice, PBC-hLY and PBC-sighLY, were generated and used as system models to express rHlys. Six lines of PBC-hLY transgenic mice with human lysozyme genomic DNA-based constructs were generated, and a maximum expression level of rHlys approaching 0.154 mg/mL was achieved. Antibacterial activity of the whey from PBC-hLY female transgenic mice was determined by a turbidimetric assay. Results showed that antibacterial activity of the whey was strongly enhanced, and confirmed that rHlys retained full activity. For rHlys to be secreted efficiently into the milk of transgenic mice, 5 lines of mice were also generated, in which the signal peptide DNA of bovine β-casein was substituted for that of lysozyme in PBC-hLY transgenic mice. Compared with PBC-hLY transgenic mice, both the expression levels of rHlys and the antibacterial activity of the whey were much higher in the PBC-sighLY transgenic mice. The concentration of rHlys in one of these mice amounted to 1.405 mg/mL—3 times higher than the level in human whey. The antibacterial activity of the whey was also 3 times higher than that of human whey. The rHlys from both PBC-hLY and PBC-sighLY transgenic mice had the same antibacterial activity as human milk lysozyme. The effect of the signal peptide and copy numbers of the transgene on expression of rHlys was also evaluated. This work will certainly permit a better understanding of how mammary gland bioreactor systems can be applied to produce rHlys in other mammals, such as cattle.     

草莓轻型黄边病毒外壳蛋白抗原表位预测、克隆、表达及其免疫原性分析

应用IEDB、DNAStar、DNAMAN和Snap Gene等生物信息学工具对草莓轻型黄边病毒外壳蛋白的氨基酸残基序列进行分析。选择一段抗原性较强的肽段(位于外壳蛋白27~38氨基酸残基处),依据大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)的密码子偏好性化学合成了该肽段的DNA编码序列(AE)。AE片段克隆至E.coli表达载体pET32a(+)的Eco RⅠ和XhoⅠ位点,获得重组质粒pET32a(+)-AE。含AE片段的开放阅读框长561 bp,编码了一个187氨基酸残基的重组融合蛋白,理论分子质量为20.29kD。重组质粒pET32a(+)-AE分别在E.coli BL21(DE3)和E.coli Rosetta中进行了诱导表达和条件优化。重组融合蛋白在E.coli Rosetta中的最佳表达条件为1.5 mmol/L异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside,IPTG)、35℃诱导表达2 h,产率为13.22 mg/L;在E.coli BL21(DE3)中的最佳表达条件是为0.5 mmol/L IPTG、30℃诱导表达2 h,产率为9.55 mg/L。重组融合蛋白经十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离、质谱鉴定表明,其含有所预测的草莓轻型黄边病毒外壳蛋白抗原表位肽段AE。AE重组融合蛋白经Ni~(2+)亲和色谱纯化、EK酶切、分子筛除去融合蛋白标签后,免疫产蛋鸡。从免疫鸡所产鸡蛋中提取鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin of yolk,Ig Y),Dot-Blot检测抗体结合活性。结果表明,所提取的IgY可特异性识别AE肽段和SMYEV外壳蛋白。这一结果表明所预测的AE肽段具有较好的免疫原性。     

Comparison of the activity of antifungal hexapeptides and the fungicides thiabendazole and imazalil against postharvest fungal pathogens

In this study, we evaluated the activity of short antimicrobial peptides against different fungal isolates that cause postharvest decay of fresh fruits. The previously identified hexapeptides PAF19, PAF26 and LfcinB4-9 inhibited the in vitro growth of isolates from Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum, and from Alternaria and Geotrichum genera, being no active against Rhizopus, Mucor and Aspergillus. The results extend our previous observations on the specific and distinct activity profiles of this class of antifungal peptides. In addition, peptide activities were compared with that of two fungicides used for citrus fruit preservation, thiabendazole (TBZ) and imazalil (IMZ). We observed a lack of correlation between peptide and fungicide sensitivity among different species. Importantly, P. digitatum and P. italicum isolates resistant to fungicides were susceptible to peptides and our data suggest that common multiple drug resistance mechanisms are not active against this class of peptides. The in vitro peptide inhibition was correlated with a retard of the decay caused by Penicillium on citrus fruits, and this effect was comparable for both fungicide-resistant and -sensitive isolates. Comparison of PAF26 and TBZ in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and their in vivo effect on citrus decay indicated that PAF26 performed in vivo better than TBZ.     

降糖肽Aglycin的高效表达及活性鉴定

基于自组装肽ELK16能在大肠杆菌细胞内自聚集的特性,本研究将Aglycin通过一个内含肽Mxe GyrA与自组装肽连接,构建能在体外自剪切的重组表达载体pET30a-Aglycin-Mxe-PT-ELK16。将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)并进行蛋白表达条件的优化,得到目的蛋白聚集体,随后对聚集体进行DTT切割条件的优化,经过进一步纯化最终可得到纯度为98.15%、产量为5.53mg/g菌体湿重的Aglycin肽。采用基因工程手段重组表达Aglycin的产量比目前化学提取方法提高了近100倍。此外,经体外实验证明,Aglycin对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制的IC50(36.48μmol/L)比阿卡波糖(991.33μmol/L)低,说明Aglycin比阿卡波糖有更强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,这进一步证明Aglycin有开发为α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的潜力。     

大米蛋白肽的制备与ACE抑制活性分析

通过优化大米蛋白的单酶酶解与双酶酶解工艺,确定了采用碱性蛋白酶加蛋白酶B复合酶解制备大米蛋白肽的工艺。蛋白回收率高达43.9%,制备的大米蛋白肽感官评价高、苦味低、分子质量小。对比市售的大豆蛋白肽、鱼胶原蛋白肽,3种蛋白肽的水分含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量基本接近。大米蛋白肽与大豆蛋白肽中分子质量<2000 Da的总比例均>80%,而鱼胶原蛋白肽中总比例仅有58.01%。这3种蛋白肽均有血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin I-converting enzyme,ACE)抑制活性,其中大米蛋白肽的活性最高,IC 50最低,为4.97μg/mL,仅为大豆蛋白肽IC 50的21.6%,为鱼胶原蛋白肽IC 50的14.1%。通过结构分析获得的4条大米蛋白肽段序列均符合现有研究的ACE抑制活性的构效分析。测定不同批次生产的大米蛋白肽的ACE抑制活性,结果表明,ACE抑制率与IC 50值基本保持稳定。