打造材料化学一流专业培养体系——以高分子化工为方向

辽宁石油化工大学材料化学专业为推动一流专业的深入建设,以高分子化工为方向,从理论课程的建设、实验与理论教学的融合,课程思政的挖掘以及科技竞赛与毕业设计的结合四大模块开展了一系列的改革与实践,为培养新形势下高分子化工领域应用型工程技术人才打下坚实的基础。     

地方高校高分子材料与工程专业应用型人才培养模式的构建

随着我国"加快发展现代职业教育"战略部署的逐步落实和高等教育内部变革的日益深化,大量地方本科高校都面临着向"应用型"大学转型的紧迫任务。本文从专业群建设、培养方案设计、专业思想引导、人才培养平台建设四个方面介绍了闽江学院化工系高分子材料与工程专业应用型人才培养模式构建的实践探索和近年来取得的建设成果,为地方高校高分子材料与工程专业的应用型人才培养提供有益借鉴。     

基于SC-CDIO模式高分子材料专业三位一体实验教学体系的构建与实践

在高分子材料专业应用型人才培养中,引入CDIO工程教育理念,突出实验教学的基础性、应用性、综合性和创新性原则,提出和建立了以学生为中心的SC-CDIO工程模式,通过以一级项目为引导,构建三级项目,对高分子材料专业实验实践环节进行整合、优化和设计,构建了高分子材料专业的"一体化,三层次"实验教学体系;依据以学生为中心,教师为主导的原则实施教学,建立了过程性教学质量评价体系。实践证明,该模式有效提高了学生的实验基础技能和综合创新能力,提升了应用型人才培养的质量。     

应用化学专业的化工原理课程设计

国家建设对人才的需要历来是大学专业设置和课程设置的晴雨表。为了培养跨世纪人才 ,提出“厚基础 ,宽口径”的育人模式。根据教育部有关拓宽高等教育专业口径 ,提高培养专业人才素质的教学改革精神 ,对应用化学专业进行适当的拓宽是非常必要的 ,一些大学已经对应用化学专业课程的改革作了有关报道[1,2 ] 。　　我校 1 997年修订的本科教学计划中对应用化学专业的培养目标是 :应用型理科人才 ,要求学生具有扎实的化学基础知识和实验技能 ,具有一定工程和生产基础知识以及技术经济管理基本知识 ,达到具有较强的运算、测试、分析技能 ,较好的…     

以"人才培养"为中心,全面推进一流专业建设

专业是本科教育的"四梁八柱"。专业建设是一项系统工程,涉及教师、学生以及进行教育教学活动的条件和保障等多方面内容,专业建设的水平和质量直接影响人才培养的质量。本文以湖南大学化学专业为例,分析了专业建设的现状,指明了限制专业发展的问题,同时立足"人才培养"这一中心任务,针对专业建设的短板和不足,从专业建设的软硬件方面提出了改革举措,为一流专业建设提供了借鉴和思路。     

西北大学化学一流专业建设的探索与实践

在长期的教学实践中,西北大学化学专业科学合理地设定专业定位与人才培养目标,以教师队伍建设为抓手,持续提高教学质量;以教材建设为根基,擦亮专业育人底色;以课程建设为统领,着重提高学生学术素养;以一流的教学管理为保障,建立人才培养长效机制,在专业建设中形成了鲜明的特色。本文从专业定位、师资队伍建设、教材建设、课程建设、教学管理等方面介绍西北大学化学一流专业建设的举措及成效。     

高职分析化学实验教学与分析检验岗位零对接探讨

在高职分析化学实验教学中,以培养应用型人才为目标,在双师型教师的指导下,通过建立满足不同专业发展需求的模块化课程体系,实现进阶式教学,选用优秀教材和建设辅助教材,努力实现课堂教学与分析检验岗位零对接。     

产教融合背景下高分子材料与工程专业本科生实践环节的教学改革

实践环节是应用型人才培养的重要环节,产教融合是校企深度合作育人的教学模式.本文介绍了我校高分子材料与工程专业在专业实践环节存在的不足之处和产教融合背景下的实践模式改革.通过大力推进应用型课程建设,突出工程能力培养,构建信息化管理,多专业融合的实习实训培养体系,强化工科教师工程实践能力等措施培养应用型人才,服务地方企业.     

基于应用型人才培养理念下的课程思政教育建设

应用技术型大学是以培养应用型人才为主的大学,但若只重视应用型培养而忽视思政教育,已经不符合时代的要求。"课程思政"是高校人才培养的新理念,专业课程教师需在应用型人才培养的理念下,把思政教育融入专业教学中,将"应用型人才培养"与"课程思政教育建设"有机融合,实现应用型人才培养模式下课程思政教育建设。     

福州大学化学一流专业建设的探索与成效

福州大学化学专业是由著名化学家卢嘉锡先生于1958年创建的。经过多年的探索与实践,在一流专业建设中已形成了鲜明的专业特色。本文介绍了福州大学化学专业以卢嘉锡先生的"C3H3"作为教育指导思想,以立德树人为根本,守正创新,通过课程体系、人才培养模式和实践教学体系改革等举措,化学专业建设将嘉锡精神贯穿于人才培养的全过程,取得了一定的成效。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.