等离子氮化处理改善铁的耐腐蚀性能研究

通过电化学测试方法对等离子氮化处理前后铁的耐腐蚀性进行研究.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对极化试验后样品表面的腐蚀形貌进行观察.结果表明,等离子氮化处理后的样品的蚀孔数量少,其腐蚀程度明显优于未经处理的样品.应用X射线衍射(XRD)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析其腐蚀机理.结果证实,等离子氮化处理后铁的耐腐蚀性能得以改善,归因于材料表面形成的铁氮及铁氧结合层.     

铝合金表面红色Ce-Se化学转化膜成分与耐蚀性研究

本文在室温条件下用铈盐和硒化物作为主盐,在铝合金表面制备了一种新型有色铈硒化学转化膜。利用电化学工作站测试了转化膜的极化曲线、阻抗谱;用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)等观察分析了转化膜的表面形貌、成分与结构。结果表明,铝合金经Ce-Se化学转化膜处理后,其极化电阻较空白铝合金有较大幅度的提升,自腐蚀电流降低了一个数量级,自腐蚀电压正移,铝合金的耐蚀性能得到显著的提升;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察表明,该转化膜层具有良好的连续性,表面有微凹与微凸起伏,且带有圆球形颗粒;通过能谱(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)表明,铝合金Ce-Se转化膜的主要组成元素有Se、Ce、O、F、Na、Mg、C等。     

SiC表面负载Cu复合材料的制备与表征

基于工业碳化硅(SiC)微粉,采用化学改性法将铜负载于SiC原粉表面,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征测试方法,分别考察了pH值、Cu负载量、分散介质等因素对改性实验的影响.结果显示:经高温煅烧后,Cu离子以CuO和Cu2O的氧化态形式负载于SiC表面;不同的分散介质、pH值和Cu离子负载量影响以氧化态形式负载到SiC表面的Cu离子分布.     

微弧氧化对7050铝合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用微弧氧化(MAO)技术在7050铝合金表面制备了陶瓷膜层,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)表征陶瓷膜微观结构,采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)研究了微弧氧化膜对7050铝合金在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响.结果表明:微弧氧化膜层由表面疏松层与内部致密层组成,表面疏松层主要由Al2O3组成,内部致密层由氧化铝与铝烧结而成.微弧氧化膜层可以有效抑制7050铝合金表面的腐蚀萌生及明显降低腐蚀速率,且使7050铝合金的应力腐蚀敏感性出现显著下降.     

浓硫酸氧化改性天然辉钼矿及其电催化性能研究

用浓硫酸加热氧化法, 获得提纯的辉钼矿。利用 X 射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman), 对氧化前后的样品进行表征, 并测试样品的电催化性能。经浓硫酸氧化后, MoS₂的(002)晶面晶粒的平均粒径减小14%, 层间距增加0.04 Å, 且S²⁻被氧化为S⁶⁺。结果表明, 经过浓硫酸氧化, MoS₂的片层能够在一定程度上被剥离, 辉钼矿对于对硝基苯酚的还原作用增强, 还原峰电位发生正向移动。     

离子镀氮化钛膜层综合剖析

本文应 X 用射线光电子能谱(XPS)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)、X 射线衍射(XRD)等技术,对用空心阴极离子镀法(HCD)生长的氮化钛膜层作了综合测试,对膜层的组分和结构作了分析,着重论述了外表面氧化膜及界面过渡层的产生和作用。由 XRD 分析得知,氮化钛晶粒中与衬底有良好共格关系的那些晶面平行于膜面生长。     

十二羟基硬脂酸的醇溶液浸泡金属片引发的超疏水性

通过十二羟基硬脂酸的醇溶液浸泡,在铁、锌、铜锌合金的表面进行氧化还原自组装反应,形成了微纳米结构的粗糙表面超疏水结构,静态水接触角超过160°,讨论了可能的生成机理.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、接触角测量、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行表征.结果表明,构筑的金属表面结构具有良好的超疏水性.     

常压射频放电占空比对SiO_x薄膜形貌和成分的影响

采用常压射频等离子体放电技术,以六甲基二硅氧烷(HMDSO)和Ar的混合气体为反应源,成功制备了SiO_x薄膜.通过测量放电的电流-电压曲线以及发射光谱,研究不同占空比对射频放电段放电特性的影响;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了不同占空比放电条件下沉积的SiO_x薄膜的表面形貌与化学成分.研究结果表明,占空比对射频放电段的放电特性影响不大,但是随着放电脉冲占空比的增加,薄膜表面变得不平滑,椭球形颗粒增多,薄膜中无机成分也相应增加.     

氮等离子体浸没注入处理316不锈钢的抗点蚀性能研究

利用等离子体浸没技术进行低剂量注氮,对AISI 316不锈钢材料进行了表面改性研究.电化学测试实验显示N2+离子的注入能够显著改善316不锈钢的抗点蚀性能.基于X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、二次离子质谱(SIMS)等技术表征结果,系统分析了N2+离子注入导致了316不锈钢抗点蚀性能提高的可能原因.     

氧化锌超微粒子薄膜的表面性质研究

用直流气体放电活化反应沉积的方法,制备了氧化锌超微粒子薄膜,并经AES成分分析及XRD物相结构鉴定,随制备条件不同,结构将明显改变。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析结果表明,粒子的粒径为88.5nm。用俄歇电子能谱(AES)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对超微柱子膜的表面成分此、表面电子态进行了研究,用Ar~+枪对样品表面进行了剥离,同时用AES作跟踪分析。结果表明,Zn/O比基本保持不变,C稍有减少。这和电子探针持续作用AES跟踪分析结果基本相同。样品表面的电子态是Zn2p_(1/2)、Zn2p_(3/2),Cls、Ols;粒径及基质对表面光电压谱有较大影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.