活性Ti表面电沉积Ni-CeO_2复合镀层及其强韧性机理分析

基于双脉冲电沉积技术在活性钛基(TA2)表面制备纳米晶Ni镀层。通过涂层附着力测试对比研究HF体系和DMF改良型活化液对TA2基体与表面镀层界面结合力的影响;借助TEM、FESEM和XRD等表征技术探讨添加纳米CeO_2粒子前后对纳米电沉积层中Ni晶织构生长的影响;通过对纳米压痕及不同载荷下"十字交叉"型环形硬度压痕特征观察,分析复合CeO_2粒子对Ni镀层表面强韧性的影响机制;进一步探讨在高速干摩擦条件下复合CeO_2粒子对Ni镀层抗磨损的作用。结果表明:在45+80 k Hz交变频率超声振荡条件下,电解液中的活性CeO_2粒子能有效吸附在优先生长Ni晶尖端,同时降低了Ni晶生长Gibbs自由能,并演变为Ni晶的催化形核中心来诱发异质形核;纳米压痕测试表明:在500 g高载荷测试条件下,相对于纯Ni镀层试样的硬度压痕边缘的明显开裂和外拓迹象,Ni-CeO_2复合镀层试样则表现为收敛性和连续完整的压痕边缘特征,显示出良好的强韧性。基于干摩擦过程中释放出大量的热,促使部分稀土CeO_2相弥散或少量析出Ce溶质原子,具有对滑移的位错和晶界等缺陷产生钉扎拖拽作用,由此建立以Orowan位错绕过强化和位错塞积的机制模型;干摩擦过程促使部分富Ce磨损产物与Ni O氧化膜机械混合来充当固体润滑剂,能起到良好的减摩作用,弥补了Ti表面耐磨性差等缺陷。     

电沉积方式对Ni-CeO_2纳米复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用直流电沉积、脉冲电沉积和超声辅助脉冲电沉积制备Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层,研究电沉积方式对纳米复合镀层表面形貌、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜分析其磨损机理。结果表明:电沉积方式对Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的晶粒尺寸和性能有较大影响;当超声波引入脉冲电沉积过程时,超声波的强力搅拌作用和超声空化效应能促进CeO2纳米颗粒在镀层中均匀分布,进一步减小镀层的晶粒尺寸,明显提高镀层的显微硬度,从而改善镀层的摩擦磨损性能;Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能均优于纯Ni镀层的;而超声辅助脉冲电沉积制备的Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的晶粒更加细小、显微硬度最高,其摩擦因数最低,耐磨损性能最佳。     

AZ91HP镁合金电沉积Ni-SiO_2纳米复合镀层的显微结构与耐磨性(英文)

以AZ91HP镁合金为研究对象,以纳米氧化硅为第二相粒子,通过纳米复合电沉积法制备AZ91HP镁合金Ni-SiO2纳米复合镀层。利用扫描电镜观察纳米复合镀层的显微形貌与微观结构,利用显微硬度计测定纳米复合镀层显微硬度,利用M200摩擦磨损试验机测试纳米复合镀层的耐磨性能。结果表明:在AZ91HP镁合金表面获得了结晶均匀、结构致密的Ni-SiO2纳米复合镀层;纳米复合镀层剖面形貌显示纳米复合镀层与镁合金基体结合良好;镀液中纳米颗粒含量为10g/L时,AZ91HP镁合金表面电沉积Ni-SiO2纳米复合镀层的显微硬度最高,最高达HV367;摩擦磨损试验表明纳米复合镀层与镀镍层、镁合金基体相比,耐磨性明显提高,这是由于纳米颗粒的细晶强化和弥散强化所致;纳米复合镀层的磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损,镁合金基体磨损机制为粘着磨损,镀镍层磨损机制为剥层磨损。     

电沉积超细晶与纳米晶镍镀层的摩擦学行为比较

采用无/有柔性摩擦辅助电沉积技术在不含添加剂的Watts镀液中制备了超细晶和纳米晶镍镀层。对比研究了两种镍镀层的显微结构、纳米压痕力学性能以及干摩擦磨损行为。研究结果表明,纳米晶镍具有比超细晶镍更加细小均匀的晶粒尺寸、更大的纳米压痕硬度、弹性模量以及硬模比。2种镀层的主要磨损机制均为粘着磨损,但因载荷不同而表现出不同的摩擦学行为。在低载荷(1~3 N)下,纳米晶镍的表面粗糙度低,磨损表面相对平整致密,因而摩擦系数相对较低;在高载荷(5 N)下,纳米晶镍的氧化磨屑疏松,磨损表面较为粗糙,因而摩擦系数相对较高;在测试载荷条件下,纳米晶镍的磨痕深度和磨损体积更小,其耐磨性更优。     

磁场作用下电沉积镍层织构及表面形貌分析

分别在垂直和平行磁场环境下电沉积镍,利用XRD和SEM研究了电流密度、磁场强度、磁场方向、超声强度对镍晶镀层织构,以及磁场强度对镀层表面形貌的影响作用,并对其影响机理进行了分析。结果表明:增大电流密度对(200)晶面取向具有促进作用,随着电流密度的增大,晶面织构由以(111)为主变为以(200)为主;磁场强度增加会促使镀层织构(111)晶面取向增强,平行磁场相较于垂直磁场更有利于晶粒生长;超声作用会使晶粒由择优取向变为随机取向;此外,施加磁场作用后,晶粒尺寸随磁感应强度增加而减小,表面更加均匀。     

基体温度对反应共溅射TiN/Ni纳米复合膜结构和耐蚀性的影响

为研究基体温度对纳米复合膜结构和耐蚀性的影响,以Ti和Ni为靶材,利用反应磁控共溅射技术在100~400℃温度下沉积了Ti N/Ni纳米复合膜,采用XRD、XPS、AFM、FESEM/EDS、电化学技术和划痕试验表征研究复合膜的微结构、耐蚀性和膜基结合力。结果表明:该膜含有面心立方的Ti N和Ni相,其择优取向由低温时的Ti N(111)面转变为高温时的Ti N(200)面。随温度增加,复合膜晶粒尺寸和均方根表面粗糙度先减小后增大,并在温度200℃时达最小。复合膜的界面结合力随温度增加先增大后下降,在300℃时达最大。复合膜具有优异的耐蚀性,其中300℃沉积的膜层腐蚀电流密度最小,较304不锈钢基体约小1个数量级。增加Ni含量有利于提高复合膜的耐蚀性。Ti N/Ni纳米复合膜的腐蚀形式为薄膜的局部脱落,穿膜针孔等结构缺陷是引起Ti N/Ni纳米复合膜腐蚀失效的根本原因。     

Ni-W,Ni-Fe合金纳米晶涂层电沉积与性能研究

采用电沉积技术制备了Ni—W，Ni—Fe合金纳米晶，选择主盐浓度、电流密度、镀液pH值、温度等4个工艺参数进行正交试验，通过极差分析，探索了多因素对沉积速率的影响，并对Ni—W，Ni—Fe合金纳米晶镀层的组织结构和显微硬度进行评价。结果表明：通过控制主盐浓度和操作条件，可以获得不同成分的Ni—W，Ni—Fe合金纳米晶；主盐钨酸纳对于Ni—W合金沉积影响最大，而硫酸铁对Ni—Fe合金沉积影响极小；两种合金纳米晶镀层具有较高的硬度，且表面光亮，与基体结合牢固。     

电镀工艺对镍纳米膜微观结构及硬度的影响

采用直流电沉积法制备纳米晶镍膜,研究了添加剂C12H2NaSO4,TJ,GL-100对镀层微观表面形貌、硬度、晶粒尺寸及织构的影响,同时探讨了电流密度对硬度的影响。结果表明：在无添加剂和仅加入C12H25NaSO4时,改变了镀层晶面的生长速率和晶粒快速的生长方向,使（200）晶面发生织构;TJ的添加显著细化晶粒;TJ和GL-100复合添加使镀层晶粒在（111）晶面择优取向生长。3种添加剂的复合作用,使镀层表面形貌及硬度达到最佳状态。在电镀条件相同时,镀层的硬度随电流密度的增加而增加。     

占空比对氨基磺酸盐制备 Ni-TiN 纳米复合镀层性能的影响

目的进一步提高电沉积制备Ni-TiN纳米复合镀层的性能。方法选用氨基磺酸盐镀液体系,利用超声脉冲方法在3Cr13基体上电沉积Ni-TiN纳米复合镀层,研究占空比对纳米复合镀层TiN含量、表面形貌、显微硬度、微观结构的影响。结果随着占空比增加,镀层的硬度和纳米TiN含量先增加,后降低,镀层织构衍射强度增加,结晶度提高,衍射峰变窄。在占空比为0.2时,镀层TiN含量和硬度达到最大值,TiN质量分数为3.85%,硬度为580HV0.1,且镀层表面平整、致密。结论在一定的平均电流密度下,采用合适的占空比可以获得表面平整、致密的Ni-TiN纳米复合镀层。纳米TiN的共沉积影响了镍的结晶过程,不同占空比下制备的镀层中纳米TiN含量不同,引起了镀层晶格畸变,织构发生明显变化,性能改变。     

无氰电镀液中超声电沉积耐腐蚀纳米晶铜镀层

通过超声辅助电沉积法,在无氰络合电镀液中以高阴极电流密度在钕铁硼磁体上电沉积获得纳米晶铜防护镀层,研究了不同超声波频率下的镀层形貌、晶粒尺寸、显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,随着超声波频率的增加,络合电镀液体系的铜电沉积有效阴极电流密度显著增加,相应的阴极电流效率也提高,从而获得致密的纳米晶铜镀层。在阴极电流密度为4.0 A·dm^-2和超声波频率为40 kHz的条件下,能够获得平均晶粒尺寸为18.8 nm的铜镀层。超声辅助电沉积法还能促进烧结钕铁硼基体盲孔内的铜沉积,从而改善基体与镀层之间的结合力。在同样的镀层厚度下,烧结钕铁硼表面所沉积镀层的耐腐蚀性随超声波频率的提高而优化。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.