水热法制备钛酸铋粉体的研究

以TiCl4乙醇溶液和Bi（NO3）3·5H2O为原料．NaOH为矿化剂，其摩尔配比的关系为TiCl：Bi（NO3）3·5H2O：NaOH=0．1：0．75：1．5．用水热法合成钙钛矿结构的钛酸铋粉体。讨论了水热合成条件（前驱物和粉体处理、晶化时间、填充率）对钛酸铋粉体结构和形貌的影响。XRD、SEM分析表明，在240℃，晶化时间16h，填充比为60％的条件下，可制备平均晶粒粒径为9～12nm，团聚较轻，颗粒边界明显．球形的钛酸铋粉体。     

水热合成钛酸铋粉体的烧结性能研究

以Ri4TbO12材料为研究对象，通过：XRD，SEM，TEM和BET表征手段，探讨了固相法和水热法制备工艺，放电等离子体烧结(spark plasma sintering，SPS)和普通烧结对Bi4Ti3O12粉体烧结性能及其陶瓷显微结构的影响。水热合成法使传统固相合成钛酸铋粉体的烧结温度从1000℃降低到900℃，而SPS进一步降低了水热合成Bi4Ti3O12粉体的烧结温度约130℃；固相合成和水热合成钛酸铋粉体普通烧结后的最高体密度分别为7．94g／cm^3(98％)和7．67g／cm。(95．6％)。固相合成钛酸铋粉体普通烧结后，显微结构均匀。晶粒大约2～3gm；水热合成粉体SPS烧结后，晶粒接近等轴状，粒径尺寸介于175～200ilm之间，分布均匀，随着烧结温度的升高，Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷的晶粒从等轴状长大变成片状，并且呈现出明显的定向排列。     

水热合成镧掺杂钛酸铋粉体的初步研究

初步研究了镧掺杂钛酸铋粉体的水热合成工艺,借助XRD及TEM对粉体的组成、结构、晶粒度及粉体形貌进行了研究。结果表明:合成该粉体的最佳工艺条件为240℃保温6h;粉体的微观形貌呈片状;镧的掺杂抑制了钛酸铋晶体的生长。     

水热法制备钛酸铋钠无铅压电陶瓷粉体

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和纳米级Ti O2分别作为铋源和钛源,Na OH作为钠源和矿化剂,采用水热法制备钛酸铋钠无铅压电陶瓷粉体,(Na,Bi)Ti O3(NBT)粉体,并对样品进行了XRD和SEM表征。结果表明,水热反应温度为200℃时保温6 h,Na OH浓度为6 mol/L时,可制得结晶完全的立方相NBT,粉体呈球形,粒径约为1μm。水热反应温度、矿化剂浓度和反应时间的增加能促使晶化反应的进行和晶粒长大。     

胶态工艺制备YBa2Cu307—δ超导厚膜

以醇溶性聚酰胺树脂、乙醇、酷酸乙酯和190号油为原料配制YBaCu3O7—δ(YBCO)悬浮体。YBCO粉粒径为2.744μm。在(100)取向的LAO(铝酸镧)单晶片上通过甩膜法制备超导厚膜。膜厚通过滴胶量，甩膜速度和甩膜时间来控制。膜的厚度达到36．76μm。甩膜用玻璃棒直径为5．21mm。甩成膜在空气中干燥5min。管式炉中进行烧结，控制烧结温度、烧结时间以及气氛。厚膜常温电阻为8—9Ω。悬浮液在空气中放置49h后制得的厚膜在87K实现超导转变。实验中发现YBCO在水中水解为02，Ba(OH)2，CuO和Y203。     

胶态工艺制备YBa2Cu3O7-δ超导厚膜

以醇溶性聚酰胺树脂、乙醇、醋酸乙酯和 190号油为原料配制YBa2 Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)悬浮体。YBCO粉粒径为 2 .744μm。在 ( 10 0 )取向的LAO (铝酸镧 )单晶片上通过甩膜法制备超导厚膜。膜厚通过滴胶量 ,甩膜速度和甩膜时间来控制。膜的厚度达到 36.76μm。甩膜用玻璃棒直径为 5 .2 1mm。甩成膜在空气中干燥 5min。管式炉中进行烧结 ,控制烧结温度、烧结时间以及气氛。厚膜常温电阻为 8～ 9Ω。悬浮液在空气中放置 49h后制得的厚膜在 87K实现超导转变。实验中发现YBCO在水中水解为O2 ,Ba(OH) 2 ,CuO和Y2 O3     

钛酸铋纳米粉体的水热合成与分散

以四氯化钛和硝酸铋为原料,氢氧化钾为矿化剂,在220~260℃水热合成6 h,制备出发育良好的纳米级钛酸铋粉体,并对所得粉体进行了不同方式的分散。借助XRD,SEM,TEM及FT-IR等手段对钛酸铋的晶相组成、粒度、形貌等进行了分析。研究结果表明:所得钛酸铋晶粒的形状为矩形片状,宽度在30 nm左右,长度大于100 nm;未经分散的钛酸铋粉体有团聚现象,团聚体的直径可达500 nm左右,将钛酸铋粉体分散于由正硅酸乙酯、丙烯酸、无水乙醇按一定的配比配成的混合液中,然后用高剪切分散乳化机分散处理,可破坏粉体的团聚,具有很好的分散效果。     

钛酸铋纳米粉体的水热合成与分散

以四氯化钛和硝酸铋为原料,氢氧化钾为矿化剂,在220～260℃水热合成6 h,制备出发育良好的纳米级钛酸铋粉体,并对所得粉体进行了不同方式的分散.借助XRD,SEM,TEM及FTr-IR等手段对钛酸铋的晶相组成、粒度、形貌等进行了分析.研究结果表明:所得钛酸铋晶粒的形状为矩形片状,宽度在30 nm左右,长度大于100 nm;未经分散的钛酸铋粉体有团聚现象,团聚体的直径可达500 nm左右,将钛酸铋粉体分散于由正硅酸乙酯、丙烯酸、无水乙醇按一定的配比配成的混合液中,然后用高剪切分散乳化机分散处理,可破坏粉体的团聚,具有很好的分散效果.     

流延法制备SrBi4Ti4O15压电陶瓷

采用同相法和熔盐法（KCl-NaCl作为熔盐）合成SrBi4Ti4O15陶瓷粉体，用模板晶粒定向技术（TGG）获得具有各向异性晶粒定向排列的SrBi4Ti4O15陶瓷。实验中，着重探讨了流延成型的工艺。分析表明，以预烧温度900℃模板和900℃固相粉体在1200℃烧结合成制得的流延片的取向度（79．52％）较高，定向排列程度较高，但由于实验过程中，添加了大量有机溶剂，所以有许多缺陷存在。以900℃模板在1200℃烧结的流延陶瓷片的介电性能最好.     

水热合成掺镧钛酸铋粉体及其光催化性能探讨

以硝酸铋、四氯化钛和硝酸镧为原料,以氢氧化钾为矿化剂,采用水热法合成了不同镧掺杂量的钛酸铋粉体.用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对所得粉体进行了表征,借助紫外-可见分光光度计考察了样品降解甲基橙的光催化性能.实验结果显示:在水热合成温度为220～280 ℃、保温时间为6 h的条件下,可得到各向异性、短轴为30 nm、长轴大于100 nm的掺镧钛酸铋粉体,且该方法所制备的掺镧钛酸铋(Bi 4-xLaxTi3O12)粉体具有一定的光催化效果.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.