等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层降低孔隙率的研究进展

通过对等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层降低孔隙率研究现状的文献综述,概括了国内外在等离子喷涂制备Al2O3及其复合涂层、Cr2O3及其复合涂层、ZrO2及其复合涂层降低孔隙率的研究进展,展望今后等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层降低孔隙率的发展方向.     

轴向送粉等离子喷涂制备TiB2/Al2O3复合陶瓷涂层

将Al2O3-30%(质量分数,下同)TiB2的复合粉与10%粒度为80～200 nm的Al2O3粉混合,喷雾干燥造粒制备成热喷涂喂料,采用三阴极轴向送粉等离子喷涂系统(Axial-Ⅲ)喷涂沉积TiB2/Al2O2涂层.用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪分析涂层物相组成、微观形貌,测试涂层表面显微硬度和Rockwell硬度.结果表明:涂层由α-Al2O3,γ-Al2O3,TiB2和少量TiO2组成;TiB2在涂层中主要以颗粒状形态存在.显微硬度为16.68 GPa;涂层表面Rockwell硬度平均值达52.9.     

等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-TiO2陶瓷涂层研究综述

本文从纳米结构喂料制备、纳米Al2O3-TiO2涂层结构特征及其形成机制、喷涂工艺及在线控制、纳米Al2O3-TiO2涂层性能4个方面论述了等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-TiO2涂层的研究进展。在此基础上,对等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-TiO2涂层的前景进行了展望。     

等离子喷涂-水热处理制备二氧化钛-羟基磷灰石复合涂层

为克服等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石生物涂层在结合强度和成分上的缺点，通过在钛合金基体上等离子喷涂二水磷酸氢钙和二氧化钻(锐钛矿型)复合粉末，并后续水热处理，制备了二氧化钛—羟基磷灰石复合涂层。结果表明：二水磷酸氢钙和二氧化钛复合粉末的等离子喷涂涂层由CaHPO4,Ca2P2O7,Ca3(PO4)2，非晶磷酸钙和二氧化钛组成。水热处理涂层由羟基磷灰石和二氧化钛组成，升高水热处理温度可提高涂层中羟基磷灰石的结晶性。随着原始粉中二氧化钛加入量的增加，喷涂涂层中磷酸钙的含量和水热处理涂层中羟基磷灰石的含量减少，羟基磷灰石的晶体形貌从细针状变为小颗粒状，喷涂涂层和水热处理涂层的结合强度也随之升高。当二氧化钛的质量分数为60％，水热处理涂层的结合强度可达17MPa。     

涂层材料与几何尺寸对等离子喷涂残余应力的影响

在等离子喷涂过程中,由于基体与涂层的热膨胀系数的不匹配,在它们共同冷却的过程中,产生了不同的热变形。本文采用有限元瞬态热分析方法对等离子喷涂过程的温度场进行了分析。在此基础上,进一步计算了常用的Al2O3涂层与16MnR基体组成的喷涂系统的残余应力分布,并对计算结果进行了讨论。然后,针对不同的涂层尺寸、不同涂层材料(a相Al2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2、Al2O3-ZrO3)进行了残余应力计算,对涂层与基体内部的应力进行了分析,并且比较了不同的涂层尺寸以及材料性能对应力状态及分布的影响,对实际喷涂工艺有一定的指导意义。     

等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的研究

研究等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的抗热震性能,分析并计算等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层和AlAl2O3涂层中的残余应力,得出了两种涂层的应力分布,测试了TiO2含量对Al2O3陶瓷涂层性能的影响,检验了影响涂层质量的工艺参数.     

激光重熔等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷层的相转变

研究了锌铝基Al2O3陶瓷层激光重熔区内陶瓷相的转变。采用METCO 4MP等离子喷涂机对基体材料表面喷涂氧化铝(Al2O3的质量分数为99％)陶瓷层。采用上海光学精密机械研究所HJ-4工业用横流CO2激光器进行激光重熔。通过X射线衍射分析和透射电镜对Al2O3陶瓷的微观结构、成分和分布的研究，得到以下结论：在等离子喷涂过程中，喷涂层中陶瓷相发生。α-Al2O3→γ-Al2O3 α-Al2O3的转变。激光重熔后，试样表层的原α-Al2O3陶瓷相、γ-Al2O3陶瓷相均转变为δ-Al2O3陶瓷相，为体心四方结构．熔池区陶瓷相主要分布在表层，次表层和过渡区。     

聚四氟乙烯/Al2O3-13％TiO2复合涂层的制备及耐蚀性研究

首先采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)工艺在N80钢基体上制备Al2O3-13％TiO2(AT13)涂层,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了不同功率下所得涂层的表面和截面形貌.然后在AT13涂层上采用溶胶-凝胶法制备聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)涂层.采用接触角测量仪和电化学工作站分别对涂层的水接触角及耐蚀性进行表征.结果表明,等离...     

ρ-Al_2O_3的水化特性研究

分别对反应前后的ρ-Al2O3进行XRD及SEM分析,确定反应前后Al2O3的物相及显微结构变化;测定加入添加剂前后浆体温度与时间的关系,从而确定添加剂对ρ-Al2O3水化速度的影响;测定加入添加剂前后浆体的黏度变化,从而测定出添加剂对ρ-Al2O3水化过程的影响。结果表明:1)ρ-Al2O3属于无定形态;2)在没有添加剂的情况下,ρ-Al2O3的水化速率很快,同时释放出大量热量,水化产物主要是一水软铝石、三水铝石和拜耳石;3)加入碳酸钠及六偏磷酸钠的混合物为添加剂后,ρ-Al2O3的水化速率显著降低,释放出的热量显著降低,水化产物主要是一水软铝石。     

Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层的制备与性能

采用喷涂法和溶胶-凝胶法相结合的工艺制备钢基Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层复合材料,并对其性能进行分析。结果表明：Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层与钢基体的界面结合强度较高,达21.2MPa;涂层与基体以及涂层与涂层之间没有明显的界面,实现了良好结合。涂层的表面硬度要比钢基体高4-5倍;Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层主要由α-Al2O3、AlFeO3、Al2Fe2O3和Al3Fe5O3物相组成。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。