颅脑结核的MRI诊断价值

目的 探讨颅内结核的MRI表现特征及其诊断价值.方法 对33例经临床证实的颅内结核的MRI表现进行回顾性分析总结.每例患者行MRI T1WI、T2WI及增强T1W I像.结果 单纯结核性脑膜炎23例,脑实质结核4例,结核性脑膜炎合并脑实质结核6例.结论 MRI能准确反映颅内结核的病理变化,对颅内结核的定性诊断具有重要价值.     

血行播散性肺结核并发结核性脑膜炎18例头部MRI特点分析

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)对血行播散性肺结核并发结核性脑膜炎的临床诊断价值。方法对血行播散性肺结核50例进行了MRI平扫及增强扫描检查,对其中18例并发结核性脑膜炎的MRI特点进行分析。结果血行播散性肺结核合并结核性脑膜炎MRI影像表现为:头部平扫及增强扫描T1WI绝大部分病例显示程度不同的脑膜增厚,有明显强化;部分病例合并脑结核瘤;脑实质内粟粒型结核病灶增强扫描呈多发小结节状明显强化。结论 MRI检查尤其是增强扫描可作为血行播散性肺结核并发结核性脑膜炎重要的影像学检查方法,为其临床诊断和疗效观察提供可靠依据。     

血行播散性肺结核并发结核性脑膜炎18例头部MRI特点分析

目的探讨磁共振成像（MRI）对血行播散性肺结核并发结核性脑膜炎的临床诊断价值。方法对血行播散性肺结核50例进行了MRI平扫及增强扫描检查,对其中18例并发结核性脑膜炎的MRI特点进行分析。结果血行播散性肺结核合并结核性脑膜炎MRI影像表现为：头部平扫及增强扫描T1WI绝大部分病例显示程度不同的脑膜增厚,有明显强化;部分病例合并脑结核瘤;脑实质内粟粒型结核病灶增强扫描呈多发小结节状明显强化。结论MRI检查尤其是增强扫描可作为血行播散性肺结核并发结核性脑膜炎重要的影像学检查方法,为其临床诊断和疗效观察提供可靠依据。     

颅内结核性脑膜炎的CT与MRI诊断

目的：评估CT、MR影像学特点对颅内结核性脑膜炎的诊断价值。方法：对20例颅同结核性脑膜炎的CT、MRI表现，CT及MRI增强的作用和追踪变化分析。结果：CT显示结核性脑膜炎12例，MRI显示结核性脑膜炎15例，表现为蛛网膜网狭窄和消失。脑脊液分房，在增强CT、MRI表现上，受的脑膜呈线形，弥漫性斑状和结状或环状显著性增强，结核性脑膜炎合并结核瘤2例，结核性脑脓肿2例，脑梗塞1例，结论：结核性脑膜炎的CT、MRI表现均有一定的影像学特点，但增强MRI更易清楚地显示出结核性脑膜炎受累的形态学和病理学改变，因此，MR检查对颅内结核性脑膜炎的诊断价值，无论是在急性期，慢性期或好转期，均优于CT检查。     

DOT操作系统在脑囊虫病MRI检查标准化序列设置中的应用价值

目的探讨DOT操作系统在脑囊虫病MRI检查的标准化序列设置中的应用价值。方法使用1.5T西门子ESSENZA磁共振机及智多星DOT操作系统平台,对177例脑囊虫病患者行MRI扫描,通过总结制定标准化扫描方案。结果借鉴国内相关标准,将T_1加权像矢状位、T_1加权像横断位、T_2加权像横断位、水脂肪抑制序列横断位、T_1加权像薄层扫描列为脑囊虫病MRI首选检查序列,弥散加权成像横断位、T_1加权像冠状位增强扫描及T_1加权像矢状位增强扫描作为脑囊虫病MRI备选检查序列。结论该规范适合国情,具有科学性及可行性,有利于脑囊虫病的诊断和指导下一步治疗方案的制定。     

CT对脑结核病的诊断价值

目的：探讨CT对脑结核病的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经病理及实验室检查所证实的7例脑结核病患者的CT表现与诊断。结果：7例脑结核病包括结核性脑膜炎、脑结核瘤和结核性脑脓肿3种类型。①结核性脑膜炎3例,CT表现为轻度脑积水,脑池、脑沟、脑裂改变。②脑结核瘤2例,CT表现为脑水肿,增强扫描见单发或多发结节样强化。③结核性脑脓肿1例,CT表现为脑水肿及占位效应,增强扫描见环形强化。④脑结核瘤并发脑脓肿1例,CT表现为脑水肿及结节样强化和环形强化。结论：脑结核病的CT征象虽然缺乏特异性,但根据CT表现结合临床、病史及实验室检查,对脑结核病的诊断及鉴别诊断仍具有重要价值。     

结核性脑膜炎的MRI研究

结核性脑膜炎是颅内中枢系统感染性疾病之一 ,较少见[1 ] 。但近年来有上升趋势 ,笔者通过回顾性分析 15例结核性脑膜炎患者的MRI表现 ,结合有关文献 ,对结核性脑膜炎的临床特点、病理学基础和MRI表现进一步探讨。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　本组 15例结核性脑膜炎患者 ,男 9例 ,女 6例 ;年龄 4～ 5 8岁 ,平均 2 9.6岁 ;病史 3d～ 5个月。患者均有不同程度的发热、头痛、恶心、呕吐及脑膜刺激征等表现 ,脑脊液生化检查示糖量减少 ,氯化物含量降低 ,蛋白含量增高 ,白细胞增多等。此 15例病例根据患者其他器官患有结核或有结核接触史、临…     

颅内静脉窦血栓形成眼科误诊分析与影像学检查

目的 探讨眼科临床工作中颅内静脉窦血栓(CVST)患者的临床及磁共振成像(MRI)特点.方法 回顾性分析21例眼科误诊的CVST患者的临床资料与MRI影像特点.结果 本组以头痛为首发症状者4例,头痛伴视物模糊4例,一过性黑朦2例,视力下降9例,视物变形1例,眼前黑影飘动1例.本组21例眼底检查均表现为视盘水肿.其中首诊时17例分别误诊为视神经乳头炎、视盘血管炎、视神经网膜炎、屈光不正、弱视、缺血性视神经病变和视盘玻璃膜疣.4例没有明确诊断.MRI检查:急性期2例表现T1加权像等信号和T2加权像低信号,亚急性期3例,T1、T2加权像均为高信号.慢性期16例表现T1加权像上出现高或等信号,T2加权像上出现不一致的信号.结论 对CVST的眼科临床特征和MRI认识的深入是眼科临床工作中CVST在早期确诊的重要因素.     

结核性脑膜炎的CT诊断(附68例分析)

分析68例临床确认为结核性脑膜炎患者的脑CT表现,发现直接征象为脑实质结核灶及脑基底池积脓,间接征象为脑积水、脑水肿及脑梗塞。并就结核性脑膜炎的CT诊断进行了探讨。     

分析结核性脑膜炎的MRI和CT影像表现

目的：分析结核性脑膜炎的MRI和CT影像表现。方法对60例结核性脑膜炎患者行MRI和CT检查,其中男32例,女28例,患者年龄在15-50岁之间,平均年龄为31.8岁。所有行CT检查患者为60例,其中有40例患者再次进行了MRI扫描。结果采用MRI检查的敏感度为91%,行CT扫描敏感度为91%。CT影像表现为以下特征：有24例患者出现脑膜异常且有脑积水,有18例患者出现脑炎,10例患者脑梗死以及8例患者出现异常血管强化。MRI影像表现：10例患者脑池出现闭塞,且12例患者的脑膜有增厚的现象;同时在经过MRI增强扫描后有11例患者的脑膜呈环状强化且有脑积水,其中脑积水较为严重者有9例,5例患者出现脑梗死,其中2例患者出现结核瘤。结论对结核性脑膜炎患者进行CT及MRI检查的敏感度都很高,而MRI敏感度要略高于CT。而在对结核性脑膜炎影像表现分析时, MRI所涉及到病变范围要比CT更广。因而,两种检查方法在结核性脑膜炎诊断中都有重要的价值,而采用MRI在提高诊断准确性上要稍优于CT,值得在临床上推广使用。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.