面板厚度对复合材料夹层梁整体及局部弯曲力学性能影响

考虑芯材局部压陷效应,对泡沫夹芯复合材料夹层梁整体及局部弯曲力学性能进行研究。分析了上面板厚度对夹层梁整体及局部弯曲力学性能影响规律。首先,对三种不同厚度上面板夹层梁进行三点弯曲试验,结果表明,夹层梁破坏模式为芯材压陷破坏和芯材剪切破坏;上面板厚度越大,夹层梁极限承载力越大;增大上面板厚度能有效减弱加载点位置芯材局部压陷效应。其次,基于考虑芯材竖向压缩变形的高阶剪切变形理论,对试验梁整体及局部弯曲受力机理进行分析,得到夹层梁上、下面板不同位置挠度及应变的分布规律。最后,对不同试验梁极限承载力进行理论分析,并与试验结果对比。     

双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁弯曲性能试验

复合材料夹层结构具有比强度高、比刚度高、可设计性强、耐腐蚀等特点,以聚氨酯泡沫为芯材,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料为面板和格构腹板,采用真空导入成型工艺,制备双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁。对无格构泡沫夹芯复合材料梁,不同腹板高度、腹板间距双向格构增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁进行三点弯曲试验,研究其破坏模式和机理。基于泡沫填充矩形蜂窝芯材的等效十字模型,预估试件的抗弯刚度和挠度,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

横向腹板增强复合材料夹层梁受弯性能试验研究

通过四点弯试验研究横向腹板增强复合材料夹层梁受弯性能,得到不同腹板间距、厚度对夹层梁弯曲破坏模式、刚度、极限承载力及延性性能的影响规律。结果表明:横向腹板能改变夹层梁的破坏模式,无腹板增强夹层梁破坏模式为芯材剪切破坏,横向腹板增强夹层梁破坏模式为多区格渐进破坏模式;相对于无腹板增强夹层梁,横向腹板能显著增强复合材料夹层梁的延性特性,最高达229%,腹板间距越小,夹层梁延性性能越好。     

格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料准静态压缩吸能试验

复合材料夹层结构具有轻质高强、弯曲刚度大、耐腐蚀、可设计性强、抗冲击、吸能效果好等特点,用玻璃纤维增强复合材料制作面板和格构腹板,以聚氨酯泡沫作为芯材,采用真空导入成型工艺,制备格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料试件。保持试件的平面尺寸不变,改变腹板间距、腹板高度、腹板铺层数和泡沫密度等参数,对试件进行准静态轴向压缩试验,对比研究其吸能性能。得到以下结论:格构腹板间距和厚度对抗压承载力和吸能性能影响较大,而泡沫芯材的密度影响较小;该新型复合材料的抗压承载力以及吸能性能随着腹板所占的体积比增大而增大,格构腹板对芯材的承载及吸能增强效果显著。     

剪跨比对腹板增强复合材料夹层梁受剪性能影响试验研究

对不同剪跨比(a/d)的纤维腹板增强复合材料夹层梁进行四点弯试验,得到其荷载-位移曲线和典型破坏模式,分析了不同剪跨比和纤维腹板厚度对其受剪机理影响规律。结果表明:剪跨比为1的试件承载力最大;随着剪跨比增加,腹板增强夹层梁极限承载力降低,延性性能降低,比强度降低;当夹层梁剪跨比小于3时,试件发生上面板压陷/芯材剪切破坏,当剪跨比大于3时,试件发生上面板受压屈服破坏;对具有相同剪跨比试件,纤维腹板能显著提高其极限承载力和延性性能,厚度越大,极限承载力提高效果越明显。     

FRP泡沫夹芯管轴压极限承载力试验研究

纤维增强树脂基复合材料泡沫夹芯管在较少提高承压试件重量的前提下较大地提高了承压试件的稳定性。为进一步了解设计参数对复合材料泡沫夹芯管轴压力学性能的影响,对四组复合材料泡沫夹芯管试件进行了轴压静载试验。结果表明,复合材料内外管纤维铺层组合对夹芯管轴压极限承载力及破坏模式有很大影响;不同的纤维铺层组合可使夹芯管的破坏模式由脆性破坏转为延性破坏;聚氨酯泡沫芯层密度在0.15~0.45g/cm3时对夹芯管轴压极限承载力的影响不大,通过试验得到了不同设计参数对复合材料泡沫夹芯管的轴压极限承载力的影响规律。     

格构腹板式界面增强泡桐木夹芯复合材料梁的弯曲性能试验

复合材料及其夹层结构具有轻质高强、耐腐蚀、节能保温等特点,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料作为面层和格构腹板,以泡桐木为芯材,采用真空导入成型工艺,制备出格构腹板式界面增加泡桐木夹芯复合材料梁。在保持试件总尺寸不变条件下,对木梁、无格构木芯梁、格构木芯梁进行了平面、侧面四点受弯性能试验研究对比。得出如下结论:同一种构造试件平面受压时所受的极限承载力和刚度比侧面受压时所受的极限承载力和刚度高;无格构木芯梁、格构木芯梁试件所受的极限承载力和刚度比木梁试件所受的极限承载力和刚度有明显的提高;格构木芯梁试件所受的极限承载力和刚度比无格构木芯梁试件所受的极限承载力和刚度有一定的提高。     

复合材料夹层梁受弯破坏模式试验与理论分析

本文对不同芯材、不同高跨比的轻质复合材料夹层梁进行了试验研究.通过对夹层梁的各种破坏模式进行分析,研究了夹层梁的破坏模式与荷载、材料基本力学性能、几何参数的关系,并在此基础上绘制了夹层梁破坏模式图,预测了夹层梁的破坏模式.试验结果与理论分析吻合较好,夹层梁设计参数变化会引起破坏模式的相应改变.     

格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁准静态压陷试验

采用真空导入成型工艺,制备以聚氨酯泡沫为芯材,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料为面板和格构腹板的双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁。对普通泡沫夹芯梁和格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯梁进行准静态压陷性能测试并进行对比分析。结果表明:格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯梁相对于普通泡沫夹芯梁,其抗压陷能力得到了显著提升,通过理论推导得出格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁准静态压陷表达式,并且与试验进行对比,结果较吻合。     

平纹编织面板泡沫夹芯结构修补后侧向压缩性能

为了研究不同修补方式和修补参数对平纹编织面板泡沫夹芯结构侧向压缩性能的影响,对完好试验件和单侧面板修补、单侧面板加芯材修补、双侧面板加芯材修补试验件进行侧向压缩试验。试验结果表明:单侧面板修补方式的侧向压缩强度高于其他两种修补方式;单侧面板修补时,面板挖补倾角比例越小,试验件侧向压缩强度越低;附加层重叠宽度对试验件侧向压缩强度影响很大;修补后试验件的侧向压缩模量比完好件均有所提升;单侧面板修补时,改变挖补倾角比例,不影响试验件侧向压缩模量,合适的附加层重叠宽度对试验件侧向压缩模量的提高有积极影响;修补方式和修补参数的变化不影响试验件的破坏模式,平纹编织面板泡沫夹芯复合材料侧向压缩的破坏模式为泡沫芯材破裂后,面板局部无支撑受压弯曲导致的整体结构破坏;面板的破坏形式主要为面板端部弯曲、面板中部弯曲、面板皱折和面板纤维断裂。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。