柴油添加剂聚甲氧基二甲醚研究进展

介绍了聚甲氧基二甲醚作为柴油添加剂的性能指标。以聚甲氧基二甲醚不同的反应物料为分类依据,对比了几种聚甲氧基二甲醚合成工艺的优缺点,其中采用甲缩醛与多聚甲醛为原料合成聚甲氧基二甲醚工艺具有一定的优势。对今后聚甲氧基二甲醚的研究方向进行了展望,指出聚甲氧基二甲醚今后的研究方向为提高催化剂的可靠性、降低催化剂成本。     

柴油添加剂聚甲氧基二甲醚的合成研究进展

聚甲氧基二甲醚（PODE）作为柴油添加剂能够有效减少燃烧时烟尘的形成,并且具有优良的化学性质,是目前世界公认的清洁环保型燃油组分。综述了近年来国内外聚甲氧基二甲醚的合成方法及研究现状,分析总结了目前各种合成方法存在的一些问题,并展望了聚甲氧基二甲醚作为柴油添加剂的应用前景。     

聚甲氧基二甲醚的合成与应用进展

综述了近年来国内聚甲氧基二甲醚的一些合成方法、生产装置及产品应用研究现状,指出了聚甲氧基二甲醚作为清洁柴油添加剂的潜在的开发应用前景。     

聚甲氧基二甲醚合成技术进展及产业化建议

聚甲氧基二甲醚是一种颇受国内外车用燃料界关注的新型环保柴油添加剂。本文叙述了聚甲氧基二甲醚国内外技术进展,介绍了我国产业进展情况,提出了发展建议。     

以甲醇为原料合成聚甲氧基二甲醚

<正>项目简介:聚甲氧基二甲醚(聚甲氧基甲缩醛)作为新型清洁油品添加剂研发的主要目的是解决二甲醚作车用柴油调和组分存在的缺陷。我国煤炭资源丰富,由煤基甲醇合成柴油调合组分具有战略意义和良好的经济价值。二甲醚从燃烧特性看,是一种理想的清洁燃料,但作为车用燃料有其明显的缺陷,主要是其沸点很低,必须和现有的汽油、柴油销售系统一样形成一个     

无标样聚甲氧基二甲醚校正因子的测定

聚甲氧基二甲醚是一种理想的新型柴油添加剂。针对聚甲氧基二甲醚组分缺少标样的问题,研究采用气相色谱技术,依据质量守恒原理测定并计算了不同聚合度聚甲氧基二甲醚组分的质量校正因子,以实现各组分含量的准确定量分析。根据反应过程的CH2O守恒及混合过程的质量守恒,对质量校正因子的准确性进行了验证,应用该校正因子计算所得到的质量相对误差小于4%。用此方法测定的校正因子准确度高于有效碳数估算法所得校正因子。该测定方法操作简单,可满足企业生产及实验室研究中聚甲氧基二甲醚产物的定量分析要求。     

聚甲氧基二甲醚的研究进展及前景

聚甲氧基二甲醚是一种理想的新型绿色含氧柴油调和组分,实现该类物质的工业化生产及实际推广应用不仅可充分利用我国过剩甲醇产能部分替代石油,同时能有效缓解雾霾污染,具有重要的经济价值和环保价值。本文综述了国内外关于聚甲氧基二甲醚的研究历程及当前研究进展情况,其中重点介绍了合成聚甲氧基二甲醚的产业发展背景及意义以及该类产品物化特性及优势、定性及定量检测分析方法、合成方法、合成工艺路线及所采用的反应器装置等研究进展,同时介绍了聚甲氧基二甲醚的技术产业化现状,总结了各种方法的特点,分析了聚甲氧基二甲醚的应用拓展及前景,指出聚甲氧基二甲醚在作为柴油调和组分、溶剂和柴油低温流动性改进剂等方面具有很好的应用前景。     

合成聚甲氧基二甲醚催化剂研究进展

介绍了聚甲氧基二甲醚作为新型高十六烷值柴油调和组分的基本性质、合成方法及合成机理,综述了近年来国内外合成聚甲氧基二甲醚催化剂的主要研究成果,分析了各催化剂反应优缺点及催化剂酸性对产物分布的影响规律。提出调变固体酸催化剂酸性,是今后研究合成聚甲氧基二甲醚催化剂的重要方向。     

聚甲氧基二甲醚合成技术进展及产业化建议

随着人们生活水平的日益提升,汽车的使用率逐渐升高。目前汽车尾气排放成为造成环境大气污染的重要因素。聚甲氧基二甲醚是运用于煤化工业的一种新型产品,作为车用燃料添加剂具有较大的环保优势。目前聚甲氧基二甲醚的使用在国内外诸多行业中受到广泛关注。本文以不同的聚甲氧基二甲醚反应原料,甲醇和三聚甲醛、甲缩醛和多聚甲醛、甲缩醛和甲醛气体、甲醇和甲醛溶液等四种主流技术对聚甲氧基二甲醚合成技术的进行了分析,并介绍了相关产业在我国的发展状态,提出了发展建议。     

聚甲氧基甲缩醛的合成及其应用研究进展

来自非石油基的聚甲氧基甲缩醛因具有十六烷值高、与柴油互溶性好、氧含量高等优点,与柴油混配后作为柴油燃料可以提高柴油机热效率,大幅降低污染物排放,是很有发展前景的绿色环保柴油添加组分。本文在介绍聚甲氧基甲缩醛的物理化学性质,及其作为柴油添加剂的性能指标基础上,对其合成技术和反应动力学研究进展进行了总结,对比了不同技术的优缺点,指出离子液体薄膜催化技术是聚甲氧基甲缩醛当前较为适合的产业化路线;并对聚甲氧基甲缩醛柴油的燃烧排放特性,以及其作为新配方燃油组分和新型环保溶剂油等的应用研究进展进行了归纳,最后指出了确定聚甲氧基甲缩醛的合适聚合度值及其添加量,加强车用测试并及时建立相关标准是聚甲氧基甲缩醛作为柴油添加剂后续应用研究工作的要点。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。