改善单基发射药内弹道性能的途径研究

为了改善单基药的内弹道性能,从理论上分析了有效提高弹丸初速的途径,以6/7单基发射药为基础,采用浸渍-钝感两步法工艺,制备了不同钝感厚度的改性单基发射药,分析了改性单基发射药的能量水平、燃气生成规律、温度系数对内弹道性能的影响,并以30mm火炮为武器平台,进行了内弹道试验验证。结果表明:无论是理论分析还是内弹道试验验证,通过提高单基发射药能量、控制燃气生成规律以及降低温度系数等途径都能够有效地提高弹丸初速,与基础单基发射药相比,制得的改性单基发射药样品MSP-6/7-1、MSP-6/7-2在不增加膛内最高压力的基础上,能够使得弹丸炮口初速分别提高4.27%、5.41%。     

三元混合溶剂对高氮含量单基发射药性能的影响

为了提高高氮含量单基发射药硝化棉/二硝基甲苯/二苯胺(NC/DNT/DPA)的力学性能,在醇酮溶剂中外加3%的辅助溶剂(二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、环己酮、环己烷、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯)形成三元混合溶剂,对高氮量硝化棉进行塑化成型,获得相应的单基发射药。通过扫描电镜观察单基发射药样品的微观结构,采用万能材料试验机、简支梁式抗冲击试验机测试了单基发射药的力学性能,通过密闭爆发器实验研究了辅助溶剂对单基发射药能量及燃烧性能的影响。结果表明:当有辅助溶剂加入时,高氮量单基药的力学性能提高,其中添加3%乙酸丁酯的试样在低温(-40℃)、常温(20℃)和高温(50℃)下试样的抗压强度分别提高了15.7%、4.3%和17.7%,抗冲击强度分别提高了29.9%、96.9%和170.0%;辅助溶剂的加入,对单基发射药的燃烧影响较小;与基础单基发射药相比,三元混合溶剂制备的单基发射药火药力均有小幅下降。     

NG含量对改性单基药燃烧渐增性的影响

以D-5/7单基发射药为基药,恒定聚酯含量,调节硝化甘油(NG)加入量,制备了4种改性单基药样品。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、密闭爆发器和14.5 mm口径弹道枪试验,研究了NG的加入量对改性单基药的燃烧渐增性的影响。结果表明,NG的加入量越大,其渗透度越深,改性单基药的燃烧渐增性越好,弹丸初速越快。与D-5/7单基发射药相比,样品E4(NG的加入量为12%)的弹丸初速提高82.5 m.s-1,提高幅度为8.35%。     

溶剂抽取工艺制备改性单基发射药的燃烧性能

为了进一步改善改性单基药的燃烧性能,对弧厚为0.55 mm的单基药单5/7进行增能、钝感处理,制备了1#、2#改性单基发射药样品,2#样品则在1#样品增能与钝感的工艺基础上增加了溶剂抽取工艺。采用扫描电镜分析了1#、2#样品的表面形貌,用标准容器法测试了其堆积密度,通过密闭爆发器研究了1#、2#样品的定容燃烧特性。结果表明,经过溶剂抽取工艺制备的2#改性单基发射药样品其表面更加致密,堆积密度从0.888 g.cm-3提高到0.920 g.cm-3;其初始燃烧稳定,燃烧分裂时间点为7.0 ms,滞后于1#样品(6.0 ms);燃烧结束时间为8.0 ms,迟于1#样品(7.2 ms),燃烧渐增性有所提高。     

湿度对单基发射药热分解行为的影响

在单基发射药装入玻璃试管密封和非密封的条件下,用微量热法研究了不同湿度单基发射药的热分解行为.实验结果表明,相同湿度(RH),密封条件下单基发射药开始加速分解温度(T0)大于非密封条件下的T0.密封条件下单基发射药最大分解速率温度(TP2)随着RH增加明显减小,但是密封条件下的TP2无明显变化.密闭条件下单基发射药分解反应的进程和反应的加速程度远大于非密封条件下.     

RDX基发射药子弹撞击特性研究

为了研究含RDX基发射药的子弹撞击特性,利用弹道枪发射的12.7mm标准弹对某种典型RDX基发射药进行了子弹撞击试验研究,并与单基发射药的子弹撞击特性进行对比.结果表明:RDX基发射药子弹撞击反应剧烈程度和冲击波超压均高于单基发射药,其安全性低于单基发射药;大弧厚RDX基发射药试样反应剧烈程度明显低于小弧厚试样,冲击波...     

典型单基发射药和双基发射药燃烧火焰辐射特性

为了探究单基发射药和双基发射药燃烧的火焰辐射特性以指导抑爆系统探测器的设计,设计并搭建了发射药燃烧火焰光谱测试系统,测试分析了空气氛围不同压力条件(-0.05,0,0.20 MPa)下典型单基发射药“20/7”和双基发射药“双芳-3”试样燃烧时的火焰辐射光谱。结果表明：常压条件下,“20/7”单基药仅在550～650 nm波段看到较弱的连续辐射光谱,观测到OH^*,C₂^*和CHO^*的发射峰,在燃烧火焰区可能存在这些活性中间体。“双芳-3”双基药燃烧火焰中固体颗粒物含量多,在200～1700 nm波段内可见连续辐射光谱,其辐射强度大于“20/7”单基药,掩盖了这一波段部分发射峰信息,但在1000～1700 nm波段,采集到CN^*,OH^*等基团的发射峰。2种发射药的火焰光谱中存在很强的Na^*,K^*,Ca^*的发射峰,推测源自硝化棉中残留的木质素。增大燃烧室压力,2种发射药燃烧辐射强度增大。低压条件下...     

环境温度对发射药自燃的影响

以单基9/7发射药为例,发射药热自燃的数学模型通过实验测定不同环境温度下的自燃时间建立.该试验通过加热器对均热块加热,利用控温仪控制均热块温度.并在均热块腔体中部放入装好发射药的反应器,利用空气浴对其加热.再把测温探头插入发射药中,用测温仪测量温度及时间.由实验知,实验结果与教值模拟基本吻合.     

火炮发射药的β次级转变

用ＤＤＶ－ＶＩＩＩ－ＥＡ动态粘弹谱仪对单基，双基，硝胺和硝基胍四种发射药的β次级转变进行了研究，发现四种发射药都存在明显的β次级转变峰。与单基火药相比，双基火药在β次级转变时的ｔａｎδ峰值明显增加，而硝胺和硝基胍发射药在β次级转变时的ｔａｎδ峰值减小，实验频率对β次转变时ｔａｎδ峰值的影响不大。     

等离子体点火中止后回收发射药的X射线荧光光谱分析

利用中止燃烧装置,对单基药、双基药、太根药及硝胺药等不同种类发射药进行常规方式和等离子体点火的比较研究。燃烧中止后,回收得到残存发射药。对这些回收发射药表面进行X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析,以检测发射药表面由于等离子体带来的金属含量。15/19单基药和硝胺药表面的Cu沉积很少;沉积在太根药样品表面的Cu元素,经估算后其含量约为Pb元素的20%左右;而等离子体点火双芳-3的XRF谱图中,Cu元素所处的峰的强度明显增强,经估算后其含量约为Pb元素的50%左右。Cu元素在不同配方发射药表面沉积的相对含量与金属蒸汽罩模型的观点存在不一致。试验结果表明:与常规点火方式相比,等离子体点火燃烧中止后回收得到的发射药表面有金属Cu离子或原子沉积。Cu在发射药表面沉积的相对含量与等离子体发射药能量转移方式、发射药的配方及燃烧状况相关。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.