哌拉西林/舒巴坦治疗细菌性感染的临床疗效评价

目的:评价哌拉西林/舒巴坦治疗细菌性感染的临床疗效.方法:将59例患者分为试验组(28例)和对照组(31例),分别应用哌拉西林/舒巴坦和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦,剂量为9～20 g,每8 h 1次,静脉滴注给药,疗程5～14 d.结果:试验组和对照组的临床有效率分别为89.3%,90.3%,细菌清除率分别为90.5%,92%.对照组不良反应发生率为6.25%,试验组中未见不良反应发生.结论:哌拉西林/舒巴坦是治疗细菌性感染有效、安全的药物.     

哌拉西林钠/舒巴坦钠(4:1)治疗急性细菌性感染多中心随机单盲对照临床研究

目的评价国产注射用哌拉西林钠／舒巴坦钠治疗中、重度急性细菌性感染的疗效与安全性。方法用多中心单盲随机对照实验设计，哌拉西林钠／舒巴坦钠（试验组）和哌拉西林钠／他唑巴坦（对照组）分别为107和108例。2组的用量、用法、疗程相同，q8h静脉滴注，疗程5～10天，重症患者可延长至14天。结果疗程结束时，试验组与对照组总痊愈率和有效率分别为77．67％与93.20％和75．47％与93.40％，2组细菌清除率分别为95．0％和97.59％（P〉0.05）；药物不良反应发生率分别为7．69％和8．33％。结论国产注射用哌拉西林钠／舒巴坦钠治疗中、重度急性细菌性感染疗效确切，安全性较好。     

注射用哌拉西林/舒巴坦治疗泌尿系统感染的疗效评价

摘 要 目的：比较哌拉西林/舒巴坦与美洛西林/舒巴坦治疗急性细菌性中重度泌尿系统感染的临床疗效,评价其有效性和安全性。方法：76例急性细菌性中重度泌尿系统感染患者随机分为试验组和对照组各38例, 分别给予哌拉西林/舒巴坦2.5 g或美洛西林/舒巴坦.5 g,溶于0.9%氯化钠注射液250 ml,ivd,q8h或q12h,1个疗程为7 d。连续治疗2个疗程后对两组临床疗效、细菌学疗效、药品不良反应等进行综合评价。结果：试验组和对照组痊愈率分别为57.9%和47.4%,总有效率分别为84.2%和78.9%。两组细菌清除率分别为89.2%和82.5%,治疗后细菌转阴率分别为89.5%和86.9%;不良反应发生率均为2.63%。两组各项评价指标比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：哌拉西林/舒巴坦对于治疗急性细菌性中重度泌尿系统感染安全有效。     

哌拉西林钠/舒巴坦钠与哌拉西林钠/三唑巴坦注射剂随机单盲对照治疗急性细菌性感染的临床评价

目的评价国产注射用哌拉西林钠/舒巴坦钠(每支2.5g)治疗中、重度急性细菌性感染的临床疗效与安全性。方法采用单盲、随机对照实验设计,以哌拉西林钠/三唑巴坦(每支2.25g)为对照药。两组的用量、用法、疗程均为2支溶解于生理盐水100ml中,Q8h静脉滴注,疗程5~10d,重症患者可延长至14d。结果本研究共纳入74例,哌拉西林钠/舒巴坦钠组和哌拉西林钠/三唑巴坦组各36例。其中哌拉西林钠/舒巴坦钠组纳入ITT分析36例,PP分析34例,哌拉西林钠/三唑巴坦组纳入ITT分析36例,纳入PP分析35例。疗程结束时哌拉西林钠/舒巴坦钠组和哌拉西林钠/三唑巴坦组的总痊愈率和有效率分别为80.6%与94.4%和75.0%与94.4%,两组细菌清除率分别为96.7%和100%。以上结果两组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。哌拉西林钠/舒巴坦钠组和哌拉西林钠/三唑巴坦组的不良反应发生率分别为16.21%和8.11%,主要表现为皮疹(经对症处理好转)、嗜酸性粒细胞计数一过性增高及轻度转氨酶升高等。结论国产注射用哌拉西林钠/舒巴坦钠治疗中、重度急性细菌性感染的临床疗效确切,安全性较好。     

美洛西林钠/舒巴坦钠和哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠治疗急性细菌性感染临床评价

目的:对美洛西林钠/舒巴坦钠治疗中、重度细菌性感染的有效性和安全性作出评价.方法:本临床试验选用两组药物,采用随机对照方法.试验药美洛西林钠/舒巴坦钠剂量为3.8～5.0 g次-1,tid;对照药:哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠剂量为3.4～4.5 g次,tid;疗程均为7～14 d.结果:本项随机对照临床试验美洛西林钠/舒巴坦钠与哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠组疗效评价分别为35例和36例,临床有效率分别为91.4%和94.4%,产酶( )菌感染的临床有效率分别为100.0%和92.9%,细菌清除率分别为80.6%和92.9%,药物不良反应发生率分别为5.56%和8.11%,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:美洛西林钠/舒巴坦钠与哌拉西林钠/他唑巴坦钠在临床疗效、细菌学疗效、药物不良反应等方面无明显差异,且对敏感菌引起的中、重度感染疗效确切,药物不良反应少而轻微.     

哌拉西林舒巴坦与哌拉西林他唑巴坦随机单盲对照治疗细菌感染

目的:评价哌拉西林 舒巴坦治疗细菌感染的有效性和安全性。方法:入选病例 77例,其中试验组 38例 [男性 9例,女性 29例,年龄 ( 38±s16)a],临床疗效评价 37例,安全性评价 38例;对照组 39例[男性 16例,女性 23例,年龄 (38±16 )a],临床疗效评价 38例,安全性评价 39例。采用随机单盲对照试验方法。试验组和对照组分别用哌拉西林 舒巴坦每日剂量 10 ~20g,哌拉西林 他唑巴坦每日剂量 9~18g,分 3次溶于 100mL5 %葡萄糖或氯化钠注射液中静脉滴注,疗程均 5 ~14d。结果:试验组和对照组总临床有效率均为 97 %,总细菌学有效率分别为 96 %和 100 %,药敏试验显示对致病菌的敏感率分别为 98 %和 100 %,不良反应发生率均为 5 %。结论:哌拉西林 舒巴坦对敏感菌引起的细菌感染疗效确切,安全性好。     

哌拉西林/三唑巴坦与头孢哌酮/舒巴坦治疗呼吸道细菌感染的成本-效果分析

目的评价哌拉西林/三唑巴坦与头孢哌酮/舒巴坦治疗呼吸道细菌感染的成本-效果。方法参考有关文献,对分别采用哌拉西林/三唑巴坦(试验组)与头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(对照组)治疗80例呼吸道中、重度细菌感染者的效果进行药物经济学成本-效果分析。结果对照组、试验组成本分别为211.80、165.60元;有效率分别为92.5%、90%(P>0.05);成本-效果比分别为2.29、1.84;对照组相对于试验组的增量成本-效果比为18.48。结论哌拉西林/三唑巴坦治疗呼吸道细菌感染相对于头孢哌酮/舒巴坦具有明显的药物经济学优势。     

哌拉西林/舒巴坦治疗细菌性感染的疗效与药物经济学评价

摘 要 目的： 观察哌拉西林/舒巴坦治疗细菌性感染的临床疗效与安全性,并进行药物经济学评价。方法: 126例手外伤细菌性感染患者随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组予哌拉西林/他唑巴坦2.5 g,ivd,bid;观察组予哌拉西林/舒巴坦1.25 g,ivd,bid。治疗14 d后,观察两组患者的临床疗效、药品不良反应,并进行最小成本比较。结果:观察组总有效率为93.65%,细菌清除率为96.83%;对照组则分别为92.06%,95.24%。两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组药品不良反应发生率比较,差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但哌拉西林/舒巴坦成本 效果明显低于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论: 临床手外伤细菌性感染患者采用哌拉西林/舒巴坦治疗,疗效及安全性与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦相当,均有较好的抗菌效果,且不良反应少。但因哌拉西林/舒巴坦具有较好经济效益,值得推广应用。     

注射用哌拉西林/舒巴坦治疗呼吸和泌尿系统感染的疗效观察

目的：比较注射用哌拉西林/舒巴坦治疗呼吸和泌尿系统感染的临床效果。方法选择2013年6-11月呼吸系统感染患者25例为对照组,同期泌尿系统感染患者25例作为试验组,2组患者均应用哌拉西林/舒巴坦注射治疗,对比2组临床疗效。结果试验组临床有效率为100.0%高于对照组的88.0%,差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）;试验组细菌清除率为96.0%高于对照组的88.0%,差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）;试验组不良反应发生率为8.0%,对照组为8.0%,2组差异无统计学意义（P ﹥0.05）。结论哌拉西林/舒巴坦更适合治疗泌尿系统感染临床有效率及细菌清除率高。     

新治君治疗呼吸系统感染的随机盲法多中心临床研究

目的：以注射用头孢噻肟钠配注射用舒巴坦钠（组合包装）为对照,评价新治君（注射用头孢噻肟钠舒巴坦钠）治疗呼吸系感染的有效性和安全性。方法：采用多中心、随机双盲、平行对照的试验方法,实验组和对照组均采用每次3.0 g,每日2次,疗程均为5～14d的治疗方案。试验组和对照组的临床可评价病例均为60例,细菌学疗效评价例数分别为45和50例。结果：试验组和对照组的临床有效率分别为90.00%和85.00%;细菌清除率分别为95.56%和88.00%;药物不良反应发生率分别为4.76%和1.59%;两组均未出现严重药物不良反应。结论：新治君是治疗呼吸系中、重度感染的安全有效药物。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.