β相对Mg-Al系镁合金板材耐腐蚀性能的影响

为了研究β相对Mg-Al系镁合金板材腐蚀性能的影响,通过析氢试验和电化学阻抗谱等测试方法,研究了AZ31B,AZ91D1和AZ91D2三种镁合金轧制态板材的腐蚀性能。结果表明,在w(Na Cl)=3.5%的Na Cl溶液中,三种镁合金的耐腐蚀性能为:AZ91D2镁合金耐腐蚀性能最好,AZ91D1镁合金的其次,AZ31B镁合金耐腐蚀性能较差。通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜等方法测量了试样表面腐蚀产物的形貌,发现AZ31B和AZ91D2镁合金出现点状腐蚀,而AZ91D1镁合金则出现丝状腐蚀。在AZ31B镁合金中,β相含量非常少,并且比较粗大,在腐蚀过程中对合金的耐腐蚀性能起降低作用,而AZ91D1和AZ91D2镁合金中第二相含量较多,降低了合金的自腐蚀性能,AZ91D2镁合金中第二相颗粒比AZ91D1镁合金的更细小,并且含量也较多,因此其耐腐蚀性能最好。     

AZ91D镁合金表面真空扩散渗铝层结构及性能研究

采用真空固态扩散渗铝的方法,在420℃对AZ91D镁合金进行表面合金化改性处理.对渗铝层的组织结构、耐腐蚀性能、显微硬度等进行了研究,测量了该合金扩散渗铝前后试样的电化学腐蚀极化曲线.结果表明,真空固态扩散在AZ91D镁合金表面获得了均匀致密的渗铝层,渗铝层由表及里依次由Al3Mg2最外层,β-Mg17Al12次外层,以及以β-Mg17Al12为主的β-Mg17Al12+α-Mg两相组织内层构成,该渗铝层明显改善了AZ91D镁合金在质量分数5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,并提高了材料的表面显微硬度(1600～1800 MPa).     

Y和Gd对消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响

为改善消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金的显微组织和力学性能,在合金中加入稀土元素Y和Gd。结果表明:Y和Gd在消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金中生成块状的Al2Y和Al2Gd相,细化基体组织,并使β-Mg17Al12相形貌由网状转变为断续状和颗粒状。Y和Gd的加入提高了消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金中α-Mg的初晶析出温度,降低其共晶温度。适量的Y和Gd能显著提高消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金的力学性能,当Y和Gd的含量分别为0.6%和0.9%时,抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度达到最大,分别为161.68MPa、2.80%、HB64.7,比不加Y和Gd的AZ91D镁合金分别提高了18.8%、54.7%、19.2%。     

镁及镁合金在NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀行为

研究了纯Mg、AZ31和AZ91D镁合金在pH=12,浓度为5%的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,从腐蚀形貌和腐蚀速率等方面对其进行了定性和定量描述,并对其腐蚀杌理进行了探讨.随着腐蚀时间的延长,纯Mg,AZ31和AZ91D镁合金的腐蚀速率呈现出先急剧减小再缓慢降低,最后达到一个稳定值的趋势.同时,随着合金中Al含量的提高,镁合金腐蚀速率降低,因此AZ91D镁合金表现出比AZ31镁合金更好的耐腐蚀性能.     

Ca对镁合金组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响

研究了Ca对AZ91D镁合金显微组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响.当AZ91D中加人的Ca含量大于1.0%时,β相(Mg17Al12)减少,并且在晶界上形成了网状分布的Al2Ca相.拉伸测试表明,当加入Ca含量小于1%时,可以提高合金的常温抗拉强度和延伸率,继续增大Ca含量时合金的力学性能明显下降.当AZ91D中加入的Ca含量达到1.0%时,常温抗拉强度和延伸率较AZ91D分别提高了8.2%和29.3%,并且腐蚀速率下降为AZ91D的17.2%.其原因主要是由于形成了网状分布的Al2Ca相,使镁合金的自腐蚀电位升高,腐蚀电流密度降低,从而阻碍了镁合金的腐蚀.     

AZ91D镁合金微等离子体氧化陶瓷层的耐腐蚀性研究

采用微等离子体氧化方法在AZ91D镁合金表面制备陶瓷层.利用扫描电镜、X射线分析陶瓷层微观组织结构,通过盐雾试验方法测试处理过的AZ91D镁合金耐腐蚀性能.结果表明,AZ91D镁合金经过微等离子体表面氧化处理后,陶瓷层由表面的疏松层和内部致密层所组成,疏松层里有较多的孔隙;致密层孔隙较少且与基体结合牢固;微等离子体氧化陶瓷膜的相结构主要由MgAl2Si3O12,β-Mg2SiO4,(Mg4Al14)(Al4Si2)O20等含硅的尖晶石型氧化物和δ-MgAl28O4等Mg,Al复合氧化物构成.AZ91D镁合金经微等离子体氧化处理后,基体被氧化膜覆盖,使其抗腐蚀性能显著提高,试样表面有陶瓷膜的AZ91D镁合金在盐雾试验中的腐蚀速率是AZ91D镁合金腐蚀速率的1/8.61.     

Er对铸态AZ91镁合金显微组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响

利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射分析、集气法及动电位极化曲线研究了微量Er对铸态AZ91镁合金显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:微量Er可细化AZ91镁合金的铸态组织,当AZ91镁合金中加入Er的含量不高于0.7%(质量分数)时,随着Er含量的增加,镁合金中的γ-Mg17Al12相由粗大、连续块状分布逐渐转变为细小、岛状均匀分布,并且有Al3Er相生成;同时,微量Er也可显著提高铸态AZ91的耐腐蚀性能,当Er含量为0.7%时,合金耐蚀性能大幅度提高,在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中浸泡的腐蚀速率为0.546 06 mg/(cm2·d),仅为常规AZ91镁合金的1/15;微量Er使得AZ91镁合金在3.5% NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流降低,从而提高AZ91镁合金的耐腐蚀性能.     

AZ91D镁合金磁场时效处理研究

研究了铸造镁合金AZ91D在施加磁场时效前后微观组织及力学性能的变化。结果表明,在交流磁场作用下时效时,AZ91D镁合金的微观组织发生变化,β相增多且分布均匀,耐腐蚀性能略有提高。     

汽车发动机用AZ91镁合金的表面等离子熔凝处理

采用等离子熔凝工艺对汽车发动机用AZ91镁合金进行了表面改性处理,分析了熔凝电流对熔凝改性层显微组织、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,等离子熔凝层的物相种类与AZ91镁合金基体一致,都为α-Mg和β-Mg17Al12相;熔凝层中的β-Mg17Al12相含量都要比AZ91镁合金基体中多,且随着熔凝电流的增大,熔凝层中的β-Mg17Al12相含量不断增加;电流为45、55和65A时熔凝层的磨损质量损失都要比AZ91镁合金基体低,且随着电流的增大,熔凝层的磨损质量损失逐渐降低;经过等离子熔凝改性后的合金的耐腐蚀性能得到提高,耐腐蚀性能从高至低依次为:65A熔凝层55A熔凝层45A熔凝层AZ91镁合金基体,腐蚀形貌的观察结果与动电位极化曲线的观察结果一致。     

AZ91D镁合金微等离子体氧化陶瓷层的耐腐蚀性研究

采用微等离子体氧化方法在AZ91D镁合金表面制备陶瓷层。利用扫描电镜、X射线分析陶瓷层微观组织结构，通过盐雾试验方法测试处理过的AZ91D镁合金耐腐蚀性能。结果表明，AZ91D镁合金经过微等离子体表面氧化处理后，陶瓷层由表面的疏松层和内部致密层所组成，疏松层里有较多的孔隙；致密层孔隙较少且与基体结合牢固；微等离子体氧化陶瓷膜的相结构主要由MgAl2Si3O12，β-Mg2SiO4，（Mg4A114）（Al4Si2）O20等含硅的尖晶石型氧化物和δ-MgAl28O4等Mg，Al复合氧化物构成。AZ91D镁合金经微等离子体氧化处理后，基体被氧化膜覆盖，使其抗腐蚀性能显著提高，试样表面有陶瓷膜的AZ91D镁合金在盐雾试验中的腐蚀速率是AZ91D镁合金腐蚀速率的1／8．61。     

Y对AZ91D镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了稀土元素钇（Y）对AZ91D镁合金铸态及热处理态的组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：Y会强烈地细化合金组织，并在合金中生成方块状的Al6Mn6Y相及杆状的Al2Y相。少量的Y能显著提高合金的力学性能，当Y含量（质量分数）达到1．5％时，合金得到最佳的力学性能。另外，含Y的AZ91D合金固溶处理后硬度及抗拉强度皆高于原AZ91D合金，并且Y会推迟镁合金的时效过程，延长时效峰值的到来时间。     

Corrosion behaviour of Mg/Al alloys in high humidity atmospheres

The influence of relative humidity (80–90–98% RH) and temperature (25 and 50 °C) on the corrosion behaviour of AZ31, AZ80 and AZ91D magnesium alloys was evaluated using gravimetric measurements. The results were compared with the data obtained for the same alloys immersed in Madrid tap water. The corrosion rates of AZ alloys increased with the RH and temperature and were influenced by the aluminium content and alloy microstructure for RH values above 90%. The initiation of corrosion was localised around the Al–Mn inclusions in the AZ31 alloy and at the centre of the α‐Mg phase in the AZ80 and AZ91D alloys. The β‐Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase acted as a barrier against corrosion.     

AZ91D熔体中原位合成TiC颗粒及冲刷腐蚀性能

利用原位合成反应法,在不同温度(740、760和780℃)下对AZ91D镁合金熔体保温40min,制备了TiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料。借助光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪,对TiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料的组织形貌和物相进行观察和分析,并对制备的复合材料在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液+石英砂条件下进行冲刷腐蚀磨损试验。结果表明,在740℃保温40min制备的复合材料主要由α-Mg、β-Mg17Al12和Al3Ti组成。保温温度分别为760℃和780℃时,AZ91D镁合金中均出现了原位合成的TiC颗粒,并且随温度升高,TiC的数量增加。此外,TiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料在3.5%的NaCl溶液+石英砂中的冲刷腐蚀磨损性能随保温温度的升高而增加。经780℃保温40min后的复合材料呈出最好的耐冲刷腐蚀磨损性能,相比于AZ91D镁合金提高了60.5%。     

Influences of Ca and Y Addition on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Vacuum Die-Cast AZ91 Alloy

The influences of Ca and Y additions on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of vacuum die-cast AZ91 alloys were investigated by optical microscope,electron scanning microscope,weight-loss test,and electrochemical corrosion experiment.The results indicate that the Ca or Ca and Y additions refined the microstructure and decreased the amount of Mg17Al12 phase on grain boundaries in the alloys.Meanwhile,the addition of Ca and Y led to the formation of network Al2 Ca phase and rod-like Al2 Y phase,improved the corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy.Compared with AZ91 alloy,the corrosion rate of AZ91–1.5Ca–1.0Y alloy was decreased to 16.2%,and its corrosion current density was dropped by one order of magnitude after immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 24 h.     

Al-Ti、Al-Ti-C中间合金对AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响

研究了Al-5Ti、Al-5Ti-0．25C和Al-8Ti-2C中间合金对AZ91D镁合金的组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,添加Al-5Ti中间合金使晶粒粗化,而添加Al-5Ti-0．25C和Al-8Ti-2C中间合金使晶粒细化,Al-8Ti-2C中间舍金的细化效果明显且细化后组织细小均匀;添加Al-5Ti中间合金使合金的力学性能降低,而添加Al-5Ti-0．25C和Al-8Ti-2C中间合金均使合金的拉伸强度和伸长率得到了提高;添加Al-5Ti、Al-5Ti-0．25C和Al-8Ti-2C中间合金均使合金的耐腐蚀性能得到了改善。对于AZ91D合金而言,Al-8Ti-2C中间合金是一种良好的晶粒细化剂。     

Influence of chemical composition on corrosion resistanceof AZ91D magnesium alloy ingots

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Comparison of corrosion behaviors of AZ31, AZ91, AM60 and ZK60 magnesium alloys

The corrosion behaviours of four kinds of rolled magnesium alloys of AZ31, AZ91, AM60 and ZK60 were studied in 1 mol/L sodium chloride solution. The results of EIS and potentiodynamic polarization show that the corrosion resistance of the four materials is ranked as ZK60＞AM60＞AZ31＞AZ91. The corrosion processes of the four magnesium alloys were also analyzed by SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). The results show that the corrosion patterns of the four alloys are localized corrosion and the galvanic couples formed by the second phase particles and the matrix are the main source of the localized corrosion of magnesium alloys. The corrosion resistance of the different magnesium alloys has direct relationship with the concentration of alloying elements and microstructure of magnesium alloys. The ratio of the β phase in AZ91 is higher than that in AZ31 and the β phase can form micro-galvanic cell with the alloy matrix, as a result, the corrosion resistance of AZ31 will be higher than AZ91. The manganese element in AM60 magnesium alloy can form the second phase particle of AlMnFe, which can reduce the Fe content in magnesium alloy matrix, purifying the microstructure of alloy, as a result, the corrosion resistance of AM60 is improved. However, due to the more noble galvanic couples of AlMnFe and matrix, the microscopic corrosion morphology of AM60 is more localized. The zirconium element in ZK60 magnesium alloy can refine grain, form stable compounds with Fe and Si, and purify the composition of alloy, which results in the good corrosion resistance of ZK60 magnesium alloy.     

Influence of substrate composition on the formation of phytic acid conversion coatings

In this paper, the formation and corrosion resistance of the phytic acid conversion coatings on Mg, Al, and AZ91D magnesium alloy were contrastively investigated using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electronic probe microscopic analyzer (EPMA), electronic balance, and electrochemical methods. The influence of phytic acid conversion coating as a middle layer on the properties of the paint on magnesium alloys was also investigated. The results show that the formation process of the conversion coatings is evidently influenced by the compositions of the substrate. The coating on pure aluminum is thinner and compacter than that on pure magnesium and the coating formed on α phase in AZ91D magnesium alloy is thinner but denser than that on β phase. The phytic acid conversion coatings formed on Mg, Al, and AZ91D magnesium alloy can all increase their corrosion resistance. The active functional groups of hydroxyl and phosphate radical are rich in the conversion coatings, which can improve the bonding between the organic paint and magnesium alloy and then improve their corrosion resistance.     

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of plasma electrolytic oxidation coated magnesium alloy pre-treated by laser surface melting

An AZ91D magnesium alloy was treated using duplex techniques of laser surface melting (LSM) and plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The microstructure, composition and corrosion behavior of the laser melted surface, PEO coatings, LSM–PEO duplex coatings as well as the as-received specimen were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical corrosion tests, respectively. Especially, the effect of LSM pre-treatment on the microstructure, composition and corrosion resistance of the PEO coatings was investigated. Results showed that the corrosion resistance of AZ91D alloy was marginally improved by LSM due to the refinement of grains, redistribution of β-phase (Mg₁₇Al₁₂) and increase of Al on the surface. Both the PEO and duplex (LSM–PEO) coatings improved significantly the corrosion resistance of the AZ91D alloys, while the duplex (LSM–PEO) coating exhibited better corrosion resistance compared with the PEO coating.