Penicillium expansum脂肪酶选择性拆分外消旋萘普生

为了实现固定化扩展青霉TS414(Penicillium expansum TS414)脂肪酶在有机相中对外消旋萘普生的高效拆分,实验考察了水分、温度、有机溶剂、酶浓度、醇结构和醇浓度对酶促拆分反应的影响,确立了优化的酯化反应条件为：异辛烷为溶剂,外消旋萘普生2.15 mmol/L,正丙醇34.3 mmol/L,固定化酶量12 g/L,水0.05%(j), 40℃恒温摇床中200 r/min反应100 h. 在此条件下,酯化拆分反应的转化率为48.3%. 结果表明,固定化Penicillium expansum脂肪酶是一种较为理想的用于外消旋萘普生拆分的工具酶.     

酶促酯化拆分-化学消旋串联法制备S-布洛芬

以消旋布洛芬为反应底物，探究了酶促酯化拆分布洛芬的工艺。利用南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B的对映体选择性催化布洛芬选择性酯化，并对醇的种类、反应介质、底物摩尔比、酶量、干燥剂种类和添加量、温度及时间等反应条件进行了优化，以56%的收率得到了光学纯的S-布洛芬，接下来对酯化产物进行化学法消旋。以二甲亚砜为反应介质，利用二异丙基氨基锂催化布洛芬发生外消旋反应，完全消旋后再进行酶促拆分仍能达到之前的效果。如此循环7次布洛芬的利用率可达到90%以上。     

扩展青霉脂肪酶的生产及其在外消旋烯丙醇酮拆分上的应用

试图应用脂肪酶催化拆分法代替化学法拆分外消旋烯丙醇酮(4-羟基-3-甲基-2-(2-烯丙基)-2-环戊烯-1-酮,allethrolone).以Rodamine B平板筛选法获得了一株脂肪酶高产菌Penicillium expansum PED-03,并对该菌液态发酵产脂肪酶的主要工艺参数进行了优化.确立了0.5%的淀粉和4% 的豆饼粉为该菌种的适宜碳源和氮源,最适C/N为0.5.Tween-80对产酶有明显的促进作用,添加0.05% Tween-80后所产酶活力可提高55%.发酵罐产酶试验结果表明,搅拌速度对脂肪酶的产生有明显影响,适宜的搅拌速度为500 r·min-1. 利用P. expansum PED-03脂肪酶在非水相中对外消旋烯丙醇酮进行手性拆分,反应36 h时转化率(C)可达理论值的96%,产物的对映体过量值(eeP)可达99%,显示了该酶在烯丙醇酮的酶法拆分方面具有良好的应用潜力.的淀粉和4% 的豆饼粉为该菌种的适宜碳源和氮源,最适C/N为0.5.Tween-80对产酶有明显的促进作用,添加0.05% Tween-80后所产酶活力可提高55%.发酵罐产酶试验结果表明,搅拌速度对脂肪酶的产生有明显影响,适宜的搅拌速度为500 r·min-1. 利用P. expansum PED-03脂肪酶在非水相中对外消旋烯丙醇酮进行手性拆分,反应36 h时转化率(C)可达理论值的96%,产物的对映体过量值(eeP)可达99%,显示了该酶在烯丙醇酮的酶法拆分方面具有良好的应用潜力.     

生物酶法合成(S)-2-氨基-1-丁醇的研究

以粪产碱杆菌来源的青霉素G酰化酶为催化剂,酶法拆分苯乙酰消旋底物转化生成(S)-2-氨基-1-丁醇。通过对催化过程中加酶量、底物浓度、反应温度、pH进行优化,确定最适酶催化条件是pH 9.0,40℃,底物浓度100 mmol/L,酶量2 U/mL,反应体积80 mL。在最适反应条件下,当消旋底物转化率达40%时终止反应可获得较高的产物光学纯度(ee>99%)。     

一种选择性拆分布洛芬对映体的固定化脂肪酶

为了提高扩展青霉TS414脂肪酶(PEL)对布洛芬的拆分效率,建立了适于非水相中选择性拆分(R,S)-布洛芬的固定化方法. 结果表明,固定化介质的类型、冻干pH和外加水量等因素对固定化PEL酶促拆分(R,S)-布洛芬有较大影响. 在冻干pH为9.0、外加水量为0、以大孔吸附树脂AB-8为固定化载体的体系中,40℃反应30 h后,拆分反应的转化率可达47%,对映体过量值eeP可达98.75%. AB-8固定化后,PEL在有机相反应体系中的分散性得到了明显改善,大幅度提高了酶促拆分反应的效率;大孔吸附树脂AB-8固定化PEL具有较高的操作稳定性,连续10批拆分反应的平均转化率在47%以上,eeP值均稳定在98%以上.     

微水相中S-2-苯基丙酸的制备

以外消旋体2-苯基丙酸为原料,探讨不同醇对2-苯基丙酸酯化反应的影响,确定异丙醇为最佳醇底物. 通过微水相优化拆分制备S-2-苯基丙酸的反应条件,确定了青霉素酰化酶拆分制备S-2-苯基丙酸的最佳工艺参数. 实验结果表明,95%四氢呋喃水溶液中,酶浓度1.5 mg/mL,底物浓度0.3 g/mL,30℃,pH 7为最佳酶拆分反应条件,S-2-苯基丙酸的收率为94.5%,ee值为97.0%.     

固定化沙雷氏菌脂肪酶拆分(R,S)-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯

利用海藻酸钙-戊二醛交联法对本实验室筛选到的一株能选择性拆分(R,S)-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯〔(R,S)-HPBE〕的沙雷氏菌脂肪酶进行固定化,并对固定化脂肪酶的酶活和拆分条件进行了研究。结果表明,最适反应温度为50℃,pH=7.0,底物浓度40 mmol/L,ρ(酶液)=200 g/L,在该条件下,反应10 h后,(R)-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯〔(R)-HPBE〕产率达93.4%,光学纯度(e.e.)为96.2%。连续反应12批次,固定化脂肪酶仍可使(R)-HPBE产率维持在80%以上。     

动力学拆分制备（R）-3,5-双三氟甲基苯乙醇

通过动力学拆分方法,由3,5-双三氟甲基苯乙酮出发,经过 NaBH4还原,制备得到高纯度消旋化的(R,S)-3,5-双三氟甲基苯乙醇。经过筛选得到2种高效高选择性动力学拆分(R,S)-3,5-双三氟甲基苯乙醇的脂肪酶：Novozym 435和Rhizopus arrhizus。以Rhizopus arrhizus作为实验脂肪酶,考察了影响其动力学拆分的因素,包括溶剂、反应温度和底物浓度,获得最佳的反应条件为：正己烷作为溶剂,40℃下反应,底物浓度为100 mmol/L。在最佳的条件下,以乙酸乙烯酯作为酰基供体进行动力学拆分反应,经过后期的分离纯化,成功制备得到了e.e.值接近100%的(R)-3,5-双三氟甲基苯乙醇。     

红球菌CCZU10-1选择性氧化拆分外消旋苯甲亚砜的性能

为了高效地合成高光学纯手性亚砜,在单水相体系中利用Rhodococcus sp. CCZU10-1选择性氧化拆分外消旋苯甲亚砜（rac-PMSO）合成了(S)-PMSO（ee>99.9%）。通过考察反应pH值、反应温度、摇床转速、辅助底物、生物催化剂添加量对催化反应的影响,确定了最适反应条件。结果表明最适反应条件为：反应pH值8.0、反应温度30℃、摇床转速180r/min、辅助底物为半乳糖（50mmol/L）、细胞浓度为0.08g(湿重)/mL。在最适反应条件下生物转化20mmol/L rac-PMSO时,(R)-PMSO完全转化,(S)-PMSO（ee>99.9%）产率为47.1%。因此,研究结果为工业化生产(S)-PMSO奠定了基础。     

卤醇脱卤酶催化合成(R)-1-氯-3-苯氧基-2-丙醇的工艺优化

以卤醇脱卤酶重组湿菌体E. coli BL21（pET28a-HHDH）为催化剂,催化外消旋的1-氯-3-苯氧基-2-丙醇的动力学拆分可以获得光学纯的(R)-1-氯-3-苯氧基-2-丙醇。本文系统地研究了卤醇脱卤酶催化合成光学纯(R)-1-氯-3-苯氧基-2-丙醇的影响因素,对反应pH、反应温度、菌体浓度、亲核试剂 {\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{-} 浓度和底物浓度进行了探究。结果表明,卤醇脱卤酶催化合成(R)-1-氯-3-苯氧基-2-丙醇的最佳工艺条件为：pH为7.0,反应温度为28℃,菌体浓度为22.5g/L,亲核试剂NaN₃的浓度为50mmol/L,底物外消旋1-氯-3-苯氧基-2-丙醇的浓度为10mmol/L。在此工艺条件下,(R)-1-氯-3-苯氧基-2-丙醇的ee值和收率分别为100%和16.97%。     

Enantioselective esterification of ibuprofen with ethanol as reactant and solvent catalyzed by immobilized lipase: experimental and molecular modeling aspects

BACKGROUND: In recent years enantioselective esterification of racemic ibuprofen performed in organic co‐solvent media such as isooctane and cyclohexane and catalyzed by lipases, has been proposed as an effective way to increase the concentration of S‐ibuprofen in the racemic mixture. In this contribution, the enantioselective enzymatic esterification of (R,S)‐ibuprofen with ethanol catalyzed by commercial Novozym 435 without the addition of a co‐solvent is thoroughly investigated. Experimental data are further analyzed considering the results of extensive molecular modeling calculations. RESULTS: The conversion of ibuprofen towards the ethyl esters and the enantiomeric excess towards S‐ibuprofen are greatly affected by the ethanol and water contents of the reaction media. The optimum conditions for the esterification of racemic ibuprofen in a batch‐type reactor were as follows: molar ratio of ethanol to ibuprofen = 7, 4.8% v/v of water, 160 mg of Novozym 435, 45 °C and 200 rpm. Under these conditions an enantiomeric excess of 54% and 63% of ibuprofen conversion were reached. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that the reaction in excess of the esterifying alcohol in a system free of additional organic solvents is possible if the proper conditions are set. Molecular modeling calculations demonstrated that the formation of dead‐end compounds between the enzyme and ethanol/water may account for lipase inhibition at high concentrations of those compounds. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of co‐solvent addition on the reaction kinetics of the lipase‐catalyzed resolution of ibuprofen ester

BACKGROUND: The addition of co‐solvent is not limited to enhancing the catalytic rate, it could also assist in situ racemization in the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic compounds by increasing the reactivity of the base catalyst employed. In the current work, reaction media with the presence of DMSO were investigated in Candida rugosa lipase (EC 3.1.1.3)‐catalyzed hydrolysis of ibuprofen ester that focuses on the thermodynamic effect, reaction stability and implication for the kinetic parameters. RESULTS: The introduction of 2% DMSO increased the reaction rate, conversion, and enantioselectivity of the Candida rugosa lipase‐mediated resolution. However, the performance of the particular enzymatic reaction was reduced when a higher DMSO concentration was added. At lower reaction temperatures, the medium with 2% DMSO exhibited an increase in enantioselectivity, which was attributed to a higher activation energy difference between the fast‐ and slow‐reacting enantiomers compared with the water‐isooctane medium. Additionally, the presence of DMSO had a significant effect on the kinetic parameters, shown by a lower value of Michaelis constant compared with that of a normal reaction without DMSO, which resulted in a fast reaction rate. Finally, inhibition due to the uncompetitive substrate inhibitor was reduced, while the non‐competitive product inhibitor consequently increased. CONCLUSION: This work has demonstrated that only 2% of DMSO can be tolerated by the free Candida rugosa lipase in the resolution of ibuprofen ester. However, it is still able to give significant positive effects on the hydrolysis rate, kinetic parameters and enantioselectivity as well as reaction stability. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Extraction of Candida rugosa lipase from aqueous solutions into organic solvents by forming an ion‐paired complex with AOT

Candida rugosa lipase was extracted from aqueous solutions into organic solvents by forming an ion‐paired complex with sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT). The optimal aqueous pH for lipase recovery was 4.5 and the optimal CaCl₂ concentration was 10 mmol dm^?3. The lipase recovery decreased with increasing aqueous enzyme concentration but increased with increasing AOT concentration in the organic phase. The presence of polar co‐solvents in the aqueous phase did not obviously improve the lipase recovery, which was also little influenced by the type of hydrophobic organic solvent used for solubilising AOT. Surprisingly, no detectable activity of the ion‐paired C. rugosa lipase was observed for both the esterification of lauric acid with 1‐propanol in isooctane and the hydrolysis of olive oil in isooctane containing an appropriate amount of water. The ion‐paired C. rugosa lipase mediated the enantioselective crystallisation of racemic ketoprofen in isooctane, indicating the feasibility of using it as a chiral mediator for the enantioseparation of hydrophobic racemic compounds in organic systems. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Partial purification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nigella sativa</Emphasis> L. Seed lipase and its application in transesterification reactions

Nigella sativa L. seed lipase isolated from defatted seeds was partially purified and used as catalyst in transesterification reactions. Purification of an ammonium sulfate-precipitated sample (at 35% saturation, Nigella PL) by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography increased the specific activity from 13.9 to 156.7 U/mg protein. Nigella PL and Nigella CPL (the partially purified enzyme sample obtained by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography) catalyzed the transesterification of vinyl acetate with octanol, with racemic sulcatol (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol), and with racemic trans-sobrerol (trans-p-menth-6-ene-2,8-diol) in different organic solvents. Both activity and enantioselectivity of the enzyme samples used for these biotransformations were affected by the nature of the organic solvent.     

有机相中脂肪酶催化转酯化反应动力学拆分左旋帕罗醇

研究了在有机相中脂肪酶催化转酯化反应动力学拆分左旋帕罗醇,考察了酶种类、溶剂、酰基供体、温度、底物与酰基供体摩尔比等因素对反应的影响。结果表明:以Novozym 435为催化剂,在30℃下,以乙腈为反应溶剂,乙酸乙烯酯为酰基供体,底物浓度40mmol/L及其与酰基供体摩尔比为1:8时,反应8h后,底物转化率为48.1%,ee_s为53.3%,E值为6.20。     

Enzymatic esterification of DL‐menthol with propionic acid by lipase from Candida cylindracea

This work deals with the resolution of DL ‐menthol with propionic acid by Candida cylindracea lipase (Ccl) in organic solvent reaction systems and a reverse micelles system of sodium 1,4‐bis (2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT). The activity and stability as well as enantioselectivity of the lipase in two systems were studied. The results indicate that the lipase showed higher stability in reverse micelles than in organic solvent, which proved that the reverse micelles system has potential application for maintaining the activity of the enzyme for a long time. This is because lipase molecules can be entrapped in water‐containing micro‐drops of reverse micelles, avoiding direct‐contract with unfavorable organic medium. The enantioselectivity (E > 30, ee_p = 92.5) in the two systems is relatively high, although the conversion is moderate. The influence of the characteristic parameters of the two systems, such as pH, temperature, w₀ (molar ratio of water to AOT in reverse micelles systems) and water content (organic solvent) on the conversion of DL ‐menthol was also investigated. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Utilization of Catalytic Properties of the Encapsulated Lipase with Calix[4]arene-Adorned Sporopollenin

The dihydrazide calix[4]arene was immobilized onto sporopollenin in order to encapsulate Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) via sol-gel entrapment. The kinetic resolution of the new encapsulated lipase was investigated for enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic naproxen methyl ester and 2-phenoxypropionic acid methyl ester. The results demonstrated that the activity and enantioselectivity of the lipase were improved when the lipase was encapsulated in the presence of calix[4]arene-immobilized sporopollenin. The encapsulated lipase showed an excellent rate of enantioselectivity against the (R/S)-naproxen methyl and (R/S)-2-phenoxypropionic acid methyl esters, with E = 350 and 295, respectively, compared to the free enzyme.     

Resolution of N‐hydroxymethyl vince lactam catalyzed by lipase in organic solvent

BACKGROUND: The enantiomers of N‐hydroxymethyl vince lactam are important intermediates during the synthesis of chiral drugs. The preparation of its single enantiomer can be performed through enzymatic resolution. The aim of this work is to obtain (1S, 4R)‐N‐hydroxymethyl vince lactam with high enantiomeric purity via lipase‐catalyzed enantioselective transesterification in organic solvents. To achieve this, effects of various reaction conditions (including lipase sources, acyl donor, substrate molar ratio, organic solvent, temperature, and water activity) on the enzyme activity as well as enantioselectivity were investigated. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that the enantiopreference for all the selected enzymes was (4S, 1R)‐N‐hydroxymethyl vince lactam in enantioselective transesterification of racemic N‐hydroxymethyl vince lactam. Under the selected optimum conditions, the highest enantioselectivity (E = 33.8) was obtained with a higher enzyme activity (20.3 µmol g^?1 min^?1) for Mucor miehei lipase (MML) when vinyl valerate was used as the acyl donor. Besides, the remained (1S, 4R)‐N‐hydroxymethyl vince lactam with high enantiomeric purity (ee > 99%) was obtained when the conversion was about 60%. CONCLUSION: The results obtained clearly demonstrated potential for industrial application of lipase in resolution of N‐hydroxymethyl vince lactam through enantioselective transesterification. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry