不同食用菌多糖含量的比较研究

通过灵芝、香菇、虫草、灰树花、羊肚菌五种不同食用菌中多糖含量的比较研究,了解了这五种食用菌多糖产品的含量。采用水提醇沉法提取多糖,苯酚-硫酸比色法测定多糖含量。结果表明,苯酚-硫酸比色法测定五种多糖产品的加样回收率平均为99.28%。该法操作简单、准确,具有较好的稳定性及重现性。灰树花多糖含量最高,虫草多糖含量最低。     

响应面法优化蛹虫草子实体多糖的提取工艺研究

对蛹虫草子实体多糖热水浸提工艺进行研究。以人工培养的蛹虫草子实体为原料,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定提取液中多糖的提取率为指标,考察提取温度、提取时间、料液比对多糖提取率的影响,分别进行单因素试验和响应面试验优化。结果显示,在单因素试验筛选的水平区间,响应面优化的最佳提取工艺为:在78℃下,按照33 m L/g料液比,提取两次,每次提取1.2 h,其多糖的提取率可达到6.11%,与模型的预测值接近。该工艺简单可靠,为虫草多糖的进一步产业化提供一定指导作用。     

蛹虫草多糖提取分离方法的研究进展

蛹虫草含有虫草素、虫草酸、虫草多糖等多种高药理价值的化合物。其中蛹虫草多糖的含量为4%～10%,是其主要有效成分,具有抗癌、抗氧化、增强免疫等作用。本文综述了蛹虫草多糖的提取、分离方法的研究进展,为后续药理研究以及产业化生产提供参考。     

微波辅助提取虫草花中多糖成分的研究

以食材辅料虫草花为研究对象,采用微波辅助法研究提取虫草花中多糖成分,利用红外光谱法检验脱脂后石油醚的团变化情况,用苯酚-硫酸法测定虫草花多糖。实验表明微波提取功率为140 W,辐射4 min,紫外分光光度计测定多糖含量,比色测定溶液在487 nm波长处有最大吸收,相关线性关系y=13.8032x+0.2233,R~2=0.9932,适用于蛹虫草子实体中多糖含量测定。     

不同产地虫草花总黄酮含量测定与体外抑菌试验研究

目的 研究不同产地虫草花总黄酮的最佳提取工艺并进行含量测定,以及研究虫草花总黄酮对变异链球菌的抑制作用。方法 通过单因素考察及正交实验优选最佳提取工艺,采用Na NO₂-Al（N0₃）₃-Na OH法测定不同产地虫草花总黄酮的含量,采用K-B琼脂扩散法对虫草花总黄酮做对变异链球菌的药敏试验。结果 虫草花总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为：60%乙醇,料液比1∶20,回流提取2次,每次120min,4个不同产地的虫草花的总黄酮含量中内蒙地区含量最高为5.36mg·g^-1,云南地区总黄酮含量最低为3.98mg·g^-1,虫草花总黄酮对变异链球菌有明显的抑制作用。结论 该方法简单快捷,适用于不同产地虫草花中总黄酮的含量测定,虫草花具有一定的抑菌作用。     

木棉花多糖含量的初步测定

对木棉花的中性水提取液、酸性水提取液和碱性水提取液中的分离得到的多糖含量进行了测定分析,结果表明,木棉花中中性提取的多糖含量为１．５４％,碱提取的多糖含量为１．０６％,酸提取的多糖含量为０．８８％。     

正交试验法提取啤特果中多糖的方法探究

以甘肃省临夏地区啤特果为样品，通过冷制醇沉、洗涤沉淀及粗多糖提纯等步骤得到精制多糖，以吸光光度法测定啤特果中多糖质量百分含量。并以啤特果中多糖的含量作为实验标准，以正交试验法为主要研究方法，通过单因素实验分析，用正交试验法优选结果，确定了提取临夏啤特果中多糖的最优工艺条件为：水温为60℃,料液比为1∶5.0,乙醇浓度50%,超声55 min,最后得到产率为1.02%。     

中华猕猴桃多糖提取工艺及生物活性初步研究

优化中华猕猴桃果实中多糖的提取工艺,并对其生物活性进行初步研究。采用单因素试验法,以多糖提取率为指标,优选出多糖的最佳提取工艺,同时采用732型阳离子交换树脂脱蛋白,得到精制多糖;最后,通过秀丽隐杆线虫模型,初步研究中华猕猴桃多糖的抗衰老活性。结果表明:优选出的多糖最佳提取工艺为提取温度90℃,料液比1∶15,提取2次,每次提取1 h;当中华猕猴桃多糖含量大于40μL时显示出其对秀丽隐杆线虫有延长寿命的作用。中华猕猴桃多糖具有一定的抗衰老活性,并有很高的研究价值。     

红枣多糖的高压脉冲电场高效提取及其在卷烟中的应用

采用UV-Vis分光光度法测定红枣中多糖含量,考察了红枣多糖的高压脉冲电场高效提取及工艺优化,并进行了卷烟加香试验。通过分析高压脉冲电场强度、温度、液料比、脉冲频率4个因素对多糖提取率的影响,在单因素试验结果的基础上,设计正交试验。试验结果表明：最佳测定条件为A2B3C2D2,即高压脉冲电场强度为20 kV/cm、固定高压脉冲电场温度为100℃、液料比为15∶1（体积/质量）、脉冲频率为10000 Hz。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于红枣多糖的高效提取,最佳提取工艺条件下的提取率为3．01％。红枣多糖的卷烟加香试验表明,其能增加卷烟香气中的烤甜香韵,醇和烟气,改善口感。     

5种北虫草子实体中核苷类有效成分的提取工艺优选及含量测定

目的优选北虫草子实体中3种核苷类成分提取工艺,建立其含量测定方法;并比较5种北虫草子实体中主要核苷类成分的差异。方法采用RP-HPLC法测定北虫草子实体中尿苷、腺嘌呤、虫草素的含量;在单因素试验基础上,采用L_9(3~4)正交试验考察甲醇体积分数、提取时间、提取温度及料液比对北虫草子实体中3种核苷类成分提取工艺的影响。结果最佳提取工艺为20倍量水于35℃下超声提取30min;5种北虫草子实体中主要核苷类成分含量有较大差异。结论优选的提取工艺重复性好、稳定可行。建立的含量测定方法可用于北虫草子实体中核苷类成分的定性定量研究,评价不同来源虫草的质量。     

鲁奇气化煤焦油中重吡啶碱类的提取与精制

介绍了利用常减压蒸馏装置提取吡啶和喹啉的生产过程,并考察了汽提温度及回流量对产品的质量控制的影响。结果表明,在115℃~120℃、235℃~250℃范围内间歇蒸馏为最佳生产方案,产率可达到87%以上,该生产具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

Optimization of cordycepin extraction from cultured Cordyceps militaris by HPLC‐DAD coupled with uniform design

BACKGROUND: Uniform design was used to optimize the ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of cordycepin from cultured Cordyceps militaris. The peak area of cordycepin identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at a detection wavelength of 260 nm was considered the detection index. Three factors, ethanol concentration, extraction time and volume ratio of solvent to sample were studied. Optimal quadric polynomial step by step regression was applied to process the experimental results. RESULTS: Results show that the main factors affecting cordycepin extraction yield were the volume ratio of solvent to sample, extraction time and ethanol concentration, in that order. Cordycepin extraction yield reached a peak with ethanol concentration 20.21%, extraction time 101.88 min, and volume ratio of solvent to sample 33.13 mL g^?1. An extraction model was developed based on the findings. CONCLUSION: A direct, reliable and accurate assay has been developed for the quantification of cordycepin in cultured Cordyceps militaris by a HPLC‐DAD method. The validation procedure confirmed that this method is appropriate for the quality control of cordycepin. Results show that the uniform experimental design approach is useful for finding polynomial functions describing the relationships between variables and responses and to find the best experimental conditions for the extraction of cordycepin in the experimental domain considered. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Enzyme-assisted extraction of cordycepin and adenosine from cultured Cordyceps militaris and purification by macroporous resin column chromatography

Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) coupled with macroporous resin column chromatography (MRCC) was successfully used for the extraction and purification of cordycepin and adenosine from cultured Cordyceps militaris. After optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM), the extraction yields of cordycepin and adenosine were 86.45% and 70.06%, respectively. Subsequently, under the optimal separation conditions on NKA-II resins (loading 1 BV of extraction solution with pH 8.0, and eluting with 4 BVs of 70% ethanol at a flow rate of 3 BV/h), cordycepin (purity of 32.5%), and adenosine (purity of 39.9%) were obtained with an overall recovery rate more than 90%.     

玛咖多糖提取工艺研究

以玛咖块根为原料,采用水提醇沉法提取玛咖多糖,通过单因素实验探究提取温度、提取时间、料液比对玛咖的多糖得率的影响。在此基础上通过正交试验和方差分析确定最佳提取工艺条件和主要影响因素。结果表明:提取温度和提取时间对玛咖多糖的得率均有显著影响,最佳提取工艺条件为温度60℃、时间1.5h、料液比1:25g/m L。在此工艺条件下,黄玛咖的多糖得率为8.72%,黑玛咖的多糖得率为8.26%,紫玛咖的多糖得率为9.02%。     

Characterization of Anacardium occidentale exudate polysaccharide

The composition, structure and molar mass distribution of Anacardium occidentale exudate polysaccharide of Brazilian origin was investigated. The composition from gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) and ¹³C NMR was 72% β-D -galactopyranose, 14% α-D -glucopyranose, 4·6% α-L -arabinofuranose, 3·2% α-L -rhamnopyranose and 4·5% β-D -glucuronic acid. A thorough analysis of high resolution ¹³C NMR spectra from intact, partially hydrolysed and Smith-degraded polysaccharide enabled reliable chemical shift assignments to be made, and indicated the presence of three types of unit within the branched galactan core: linked at C-1 and C-3, at C-1 and C-6, and at C-1, C-3 and C-6. The polysaccharide was fractionated with respect to molar mass using water/ethanol as a solvent/non-solvent system. The polysaccharide and fractions were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), intensity light scattering, dilute solution viscometry and sedimentation velocity. The intrinsic viscosity in 0·1M aqueous NaCl at 25°C was found to depend on molar mass according to: [η]/(cm³g^-1)=0·052M^0·42. The molar mass distribution for the whole polysaccharide, determined by GPC using a universal calibration, exhibited two main peaks at 28000 and 67000gmol^-1, together with traces of much higher molar mass material. © 1998 SCI.     

螺旋藻多糖粗提的新方法工艺条件研究

开发了一种提取螺旋藻多糖的新方法——超声提取和冷碱液提取相结合的方法。正交实验确定的最佳提取条件为:温度为常温,超声时间1 h,提取时间2 h,溶液的pH值为9,固液比9∶1。在此条件下,提取率较传统方法提高5%左右。     

润滑油双溶剂精制的实验成果

通过对糠醛、糠醛与环氧氯丙烷的混合溶剂分别在不同温度、不同剂油比和不同溶剂比时 ,对润滑油馏分进行溶剂抽提精制 ,实验表明 ,糠醛与环氧氯丙烷以 1:1的体积比混合时得到的双溶剂在精制过程中有很大的优势。此双溶剂可以在低于糠醛精制温度 2 5℃以下进行抽提精制 ,精制油粘度指数提高了 4～ 6 ,收率提高了 1%～ 3% ,而且精制效果比糠醛更好。不仅温度降低了 ,而且降低了精制过程和溶剂回收过程的能耗与剂耗。     

The Separation of Indium and Copper from Spent Cu‐In Targets

Nowadays, the CIGS solar cells produced process, only 30% of the original target material is used, while the rest 70% need to be recycled in order to achieve the resources sustainable. Common methods to separate and recover indium include precipitation, solvent extraction, ion‐exchange, and electrolytic processes. This research is to investigate the recovery and purification of indium from spent sputtering targets so that the recovered and purified indium can be reused in the thin film and semiconductor industries. The processes selected include ion‐exchange resin, solvent extraction, and zone refining. Eventually, indium recovery using ion exchange and solvent extraction has high recoveries. Further purification was conducted by electrowinning and zone refining process. The indium product of zone refining can be used as raw material of indium sputtering target.     

减五线脱蜡油NMP精制与糠醛精制研究

用沈北、大庆混合脱蜡油为原料,进行NMP溶剂精制和糠醛溶剂精制的对比研究。在实验确定了NMP和糠醛溶剂与减五线脱蜡油临界溶解度曲线的基础上,NMP精制采用正交设计法考察溶剂比、溶剂含水量及抽提温度等因素的影响,糠醛精制主要考察了剂油比和抽提温度的影响,采用多元二次回归方程式回归了精制油收率及质量与操作因素的关系,用非线性回归确定出满足粘度指数≥95的要求,收率最大的适宜操作条件。NMP精制最优操作条件为:剂油体积比4.0,抽提温度60℃,溶剂含水量0%,在此操作条件下,精制油的收率为63%;糠醛精制最优操作条件为:剂油比4.5(V/V),抽提温度110℃,此条件下精制油的收率为52%。说明NMP溶剂相对糠醛溶剂具有良好的溶解能力及选择性。     

NMP和糠醛精制减五线脱蜡油模拟连续抽提试验研究

用沈北、大庆混合油减五线脱蜡油为原料进行了NMP溶剂和糠醛溶剂精制的对比研究.在单级抽提试验所确定出的NMP和糠醛精制最优操作条件基础之上,进行了两种溶剂的假三段抽提试验.对所得精制油进行了各项性质分析.在单级抽提实验所确定的适宜操作条件下,无论是NMP精制还是糠醛精制,假三段抽提与单级抽提相比在精制油质量变好的同时,精制油收率也略有提高.与糠醛假三段抽提实验相比,NMP 假三段溶剂精制的剂油比下降43％,收率基本不变.两者精制油质量基本相同.说明了NMP比糠醛有更好的精制效果.同样说明精制减五线脱蜡油时,NMP溶剂溶解能力和选择性均比糠醛溶剂好.