PLA/PHBV共混3D打印线材的制备及性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸/聚(3-羟基丁酸-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PLA/PHBV)共混物,用熔融沉积成型(FDM)技术制备了三维(3D)打印标准测试样条,研究了PLA/PHBV质量比对PLA/PHBV共混物及3D打印线材性能的影响。结果表明,PLA/PHBV共混材料是完全不相容的体系,随着PHBV含量的增加,PLA/PHBV共混物以及3D打印制品的拉伸强度下降,但断裂伸长率有所提高;弯曲强度及冲击强度均先上升后下降;注塑样品的拉伸强度最大可达43.31 MPa,断裂伸长率可达5.37%;3D打印制品的拉伸强度最大可达49.16 MPa,断裂伸长率可达7.41%;PLA/PHBV共混物以及3D打印制品淬断断面呈现典型的"海岛"分布,PHBV相均匀的分散在PLA基中;随着PHBV含量的增加,注塑样条的断面逐渐变得粗糙,打印制品层与层之间空隙减小,填充率上升,黏结性能提高。     

自由基/阳离子混杂型3D打印光敏树脂的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸类光敏树脂为基体,加入不同比例的环氧稀释单体3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己基甲酸酯,研制出可在405 nm光照下固化的3D打印光敏树脂。系统研究了3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己基甲酸酯含量对光敏树脂力学性能、黏度、疏水性和体积收缩率等的影响。结果表明:当环氧单体3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己基甲酸酯填加量为20%时,合成的光敏树脂材料力学性能最高,拉伸强度达到32 MPa,弯曲强度达到50 MPa。     

丙烯酸单体对3D打印环氧丙烯酸树脂性能的影响

将不同浓度丙烯酸单体加入到双酚A环氧丙烯酸树脂中,制备了3D打印光固化材料。通过红外光谱分析、机械强度测试、扫描电镜分析,表征了树脂的双键转化率、机械强度、断面形貌。结果表明,5%丙烯酸单体的加入,树脂的双键转化率提高了58.5%,拉伸强度达到52.64 MPa,弯曲强度为168.88 MPa,弯曲模量为4 449.53 MPa,分别较空白树脂提高了159.3%、49.9%、56.8%;断面更粗糙意味着树脂断裂韧性增加。树脂收缩率在丙烯酸加入量5%时最低,为6.56%,双悬臂部件打印获得的卷曲系数为7.16%,体现了树脂良好的打印精度。     

N,N'-(4,4'-亚甲基二苯基)双马来酰亚胺改性环氧丙烯酸酯树脂的制备与性能研究

通过对环氧丙烯酸酯树脂改性制备N,N'-(亚甲基二苯基)双马来酰亚胺(BMI)/环氧丙烯酸酯树脂(EA)光敏树脂,并探究了BMI配比对光敏树脂固化收缩率、凝胶含量以及拉伸强度的影响。结果表明,当BMI含量为2. 0%时,固化收缩率从9. 73%降到了6. 38%,降低幅度为34. 4%,固化收缩率越小,复合材料的精度越高,越不容易发生翘曲和形变;当BMI含量为2. 0%,拉伸强度由纯光敏树脂体系的22. 28 MPa增加到37. 45 MPa,凝胶含量由76. 27%增加到87. 25%。BMI因其交联密度大、结构紧密,具有特殊的三维网状结构等特点使光敏树脂体系的性能提升,得到的改性体系能较好地满足3D打印的要求。     

环保醋酸纤维素在3D打印材料中的应用

通过熔融挤出法制备了环保醋酸纤维素(ECA)三维(3D)打印材料,选取增塑剂含量、打印层高和脂肪族过氧化物含量3因素,通过正交试验研究了各因素组合对ECA 3D打印件熔丝之间的结合强度的影响,并选取最优组合表征其他性能。结果表明,ECA的最高结合强度约为10MPa,最优组合为增塑剂含量35%、层高0.2mm以及脂肪族过氧化物含量0.1‰,其拉伸强度和弯曲模量分别为26.1 MPa和1166 MPa。     

蓖麻油基光敏树脂的合成及其UV-LED固化无影胶的性能

以蓖麻油、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯为原料,通过无溶剂法合成的一种蓖麻油基聚氨酯丙烯酸酯（CO-PUA）作为光敏单体。将自制的CO-PUA、活性稀释剂、硅烷偶联剂、附着力促进剂、光引发剂以及四（3-巯基丙酸）季戊四醇酯（PETMP）按比例混合制得一系列UV-LED固化无影胶,并考察了PETMP的添加量对无影胶性能的影响。结果表明：引入PETMP的UV-LED固化无影胶具有巯基-烯“点击化学”的反应特性,消除了氧阻的危害,无影胶固化完全。当PETMP的添加量为0.5 g时,具有最佳黏结性能,以有机玻璃-有机玻璃、有机玻璃-不锈钢、玻璃-不锈钢为搭接基材测得黏结拉伸剪切强度分别为2.44 MPa、5.06 MPa和5.70 MPa。     

聚乳酸/有机蒙脱土改性复合材料3D打印工艺的研究

研究实验室自制PLA(聚乳酸)/O-MMT(有机蒙脱土)复合材料进行3D打印,调节打印速度、温度、填充度、层厚,探讨了这些打印工艺参数对PLA/O-MMT产品机械性能的影响。研究表明,随着填充度和层厚的增加,打印所需材料会更多,拉伸性能、冲击强度、断裂伸长率都会随着打印速度的增加而降低,而打印温度的升高越高,会使拉伸性能会变好,冲击强度会降低;填充密度和打印层厚的增加也会使拉伸性能更好,冲击强度增大。结果显示PLA/O-MMT复合材料材料作为3D打印材料,大大提高了产品的自身品质。     

连续与短切CF增强PA6复合材料双喷头3D打印工艺参数优化

为提升连续碳纤维(CF)和短切CF增强尼龙6复合材料3D打印制件的力学性能、优化3D打印基础工艺参数，基于熔融沉积型3D打印工艺，通过自主搭建的双喷头3D打印实验平台制备打印制件，并以此为研究对象，设计4因素3水平正交试验，研究连续CF隔层数、连续CF打印间距、打印温度、打印速度四种工艺参数对打印制件拉伸强度和弯曲强度的影响。采用极差分析法得到最佳工艺参数组合，验证正交试验结果。使用扫描电子显微镜观察拉伸制件和弯曲制件的断裂面微观形貌，进一步探究了打印制件的层间断裂形貌特性和层内丝材分布规律。结果表明，当连续CF隔层数为1、连续CF打印间距为0.5 mm、打印温度为250℃、打印速度为900 mm/s时，打印制件的层内沉积线之间孔隙较少，层间结合效果较好，其拉伸强度和弯曲强度达到最高，分别为109.73 MPa和119.14 MPa，与短切CF增强尼龙6复合材料相比，拉伸强度提升了249%，弯曲强度提升了286%。     

基于正交试验的PETG/ABS复合制件熔融沉积成型工艺参数的优化

为了缩短熔融沉积成型(FDM)工艺的成型时间并改善产品的力学性能,采用FDM工艺方法对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇-1,4-环己二甲醇酯(PETG)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)两种线材进行3D打印,以成型时间、拉伸强度和拉伸弹性模量为优化指标,设计了基于正交试验法的三因素(打印速度、分层厚度、填充率)四水平的工艺参数优化方案。结果表明:PETG/ABS复合制件最优力学性能的参数组合是A4B1C3,即打印速度为30 mm/s、分层厚度为0.1 mm、填充率为75%。验证试验表明,拉伸强度为44.73 MPa、弹性模量为758.12 MPa、成型时间为113 min,优化参数后明显改善了力学性能,对双材料打印制品的生产具有一定的指导意义。     

加热方式对FDM工艺制品拉伸性能的影响

选用3D打印工艺中的熔融沉积成型(FDM)工艺作为实验研究对象,研究恒温室加热和底板加热两种不同加热方式对不同构建取向打印的聚乳酸(PLA)试件拉伸强度及断裂伸长率的影响。实验结果表明:两种加热方式下打印的不同构建取向的试件呈现出各向异性。与底板加热相比,采用恒温室加热方式打印的水平向试件和侧向试件的拉伸强度分别增加0.3%和2.6%,断裂伸长率分别增加4.2%和6.7%,有一定程度的改善;而采用恒温室加热打印的竖向试件的拉伸强度由底板加热时的14.94MPa提升至23.98MPa,增幅为60.5%,断裂伸长率由底板加热时的1.708%提升至2.847%,增幅为66.7%。对于竖向高度较大的制品,采用恒温室加热可明显提高制品的拉伸性能。     

石墨烯/聚丙烯纳米复合材料流变与拉伸性能

采用熔融共混法制备了多种粒径、不同含量的石墨烯(GNP)/聚丙烯(PP)纳米复合材料,通过流变实验和拉伸实验分别研究了GNP粒径和GNP含量对复合材料流变特性的影响以及注塑成型工艺参数(注塑温度、注射压力、注射速度及背压)对复合材料拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明,GNP微粒能够显著改善PP基体的抗拉强度,在一定含量范围(3%~9%)和较大粒径(40μm)时,会对PP熔体的流动性产生较大影响。虽然,注塑成型工艺参数对GNP/PP复合材料的抗拉强度影响较小,但是,其对材料的韧性影响较大。随着注塑的温度、压力、速度和背压的升高,材料韧性呈先增后降的趋势,最优参数组合为注塑温度215℃、注射压力60 MPa、注射速度50%、背压压力1 MPa。     

PMMA/棉花纤维素复合薄膜的制备及性能

为改善聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的热性能和力学性能,以经过预处理的棉花纤维素为增强体,将PMMA与棉花纤维素溶液按不同比例混合,利用溶液浇铸法制备PMMA/棉花纤维素复合薄膜,并利用热重分析、透光性分析以及拉伸性能测试研究了不同棉花纤维素含量的PMMA/棉花纤维素复合薄膜的性能。结果表明,与PMMA薄膜相比,PMMA/纤维素复合薄膜的热稳定性和力学性能均有所提升,PMMA/纤维素复合薄膜的热分解温度提高8.3%;随着棉花纤维素含量从0增加到15%,拉伸强度从10.53 MPa提升到55.95 MPa,最高提升了431%。此外,复合薄膜的光透过率随着棉花纤维素含量的增加而降低。当棉花纤维素含量为7.5%时,复合薄膜不仅具有良好的力学性能,而且具有较高的透光率,综合性能较好。     

Isobornyl methacrylate as diluent co-monomer on physical-mechanical properties of dental resin composites

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) as a diluent co-monomer on the physical properties of experimental resins. Blends of bisphenol glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) were formulated with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and IBOMA in different wt%. The degree of conversion, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and ultimate tensile strength were determined. Immediate and 24 h volumetric shrinkage were calculated. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). Blends of Bis-GMA and IBOMA showed the lowest ultimate tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, degree of conversion, and immediate and 24 h volumetric shrinkage results. However, when IBOMA was used together with TEGDMA in blends of Bis-GMA, the resin composites showed best curing performance and high physical-mechanical properties. Thus, the IBOMA is as diluent co-monomer that can be used in dental resin composites to reduce the volumetric shrinkage.     

扩链改性对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯挤出吹膜成型的影响

通过添加多官能团环氧扩链剂对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)进行扩链改性,然后用改性PET进行吹膜成型,研究了扩链剂含量对PET特性黏度、膜泡稳定性及薄膜力学性能和透明度的影响。结果表明,扩链剂的添加显著提升了PET的特性黏度;随着扩链剂含量的增加,薄膜膜泡稳定性以及表面质量、最大吹胀比、拉伸强度得到显著改善,断裂伸长率呈先增大后减小的趋势。当扩链剂质量分数为0.7%时,PET的特性黏度由纯PET的0.71 d L/g上升至0.94 d L/g,最大吹胀比则由1.9提高至4.5,横纵向拉伸强度分别为61.7 MPa和64.4 MPa,横纵向断裂伸长率达到最高,分别为12%和12.45%,较扩链剂质量分数为0.2%时提高了105.5%以及125.1%,而透光率仅下降1.4%,得到了性能较优的吹塑薄膜制品。     

Thermal,Mechanical, and Electrical Properties of Alkyd-Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites Modified with 3-Glycidyloxypropyl-POSS

In this work, alkyd resin and 3-glycidyloxypropyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes were synthesized from castor oil and siloxane, respectively, and used to as the modifier of the epoxy resins. Laminate of fiberglass-reinforced composite were prepared from alkyd-epoxy resin with different 3-glycidyloxypropyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes content. The properties of nanocomposite were characterized. The results showed that the 3-glycidyloxypropyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes could increase the impact strength of nanocomposite. When the content of 3-glycidyloxypropyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes is 6?wt% of the alkyd resin, the T_g enhances to 5.2°C, the impact strength increases to 53.01?kJ/m² (64%), but the tensile strength decreases 15.03?MPa (7.6%). Nanocomposite has good electrical properties and insulating properties.     

聚乳酸/木粉复合材料的制备与力学性能研究

以聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,木粉为填料,分别采用热压成型和注塑成型方法制备了PLA/木粉复合材料。实验研究结果表明:当木粉用量由20%增加到60%时,PLA/木粉复合材料的拉伸强度由41.83 MPa降至15.96MPa;弹性模量由1 035.96 MPa降至283.43 MPa,断裂伸长率由7.04%降至1.73%。     

热电池隔热涂层的制备与性能

采用水热法制备ZrO2空心微球作为隔热填料,以萘改性的耐热酚醛环氧树脂为基体,制备了4种不同ZrO2含量的热电池隔热涂层,表征了其性能. 结果表明,所制ZrO2为直径约500 nm的空心球,表面粗糙;酚醛环氧树脂的热分解温度约为370℃,适宜的ZrO2空心球添加量为50%~60%(w). ZrO2含量为50%(w)时,室温下隔热涂层结合强度为21.6 MPa,剪切强度为11.4 MPa,热导率为0.05 W/(m×K);300℃下隔热涂层剪切强度为3.1 MPa,热导率为0.04 W/(m×K).     

Preparation and properties of biocomposites composed of glycerol‐based epoxy resins,tannic acid,and wood flour

After polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether (PGPE) and glycerol polyglycidyl ether (GPE) were mixed with tannic acid (TA) in ethanol and without solvent at epoxy/hydroxyl ratio 1/1, the obtained GPE‐TA and PGPE‐TA solutions were mixed with wood flour (WF), prepolymerized at 50°C, and subsequently compressed at 160°C for 3 h to give GPE‐TA/WF and PGPE‐TA/WF biocomposites with WF content 50–70 wt %, respectively. The storage moduli of the biocomposites in the rubbery state at more than 80°C were much higher than that of the control cured resins. The PGPE‐TA/WF composites had higher tensile modulus and rather lower tensile strength than PGPE‐TA. On the other hand, both the tensile modulus and strength of GPE‐TA/WF were much higher than those of GPE‐TA (2.4 GPa and 37 MPa). Those values of GPE‐TA/WF increased with WF content, became maximal values (5.1 GPa and 51 MPa) at WF content 60 wt %, and were lowered at 70 wt %. FE‐SEM analysis of the fractured surface of the biocomposites revealed that WF is tightly incorporated into the crosslinked epoxy resins. As a result of optimization of the epoxy/hydroxyl molar ratio for GPE‐TA/WF composite with WF content 60 wt %, the composite prepared at the ratio of 1.0/0.8 showed the highest tensile modulus and strength. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

水滑石对MCA阻燃PA6性能的影响

研究了水滑石对三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)阻燃聚酰胺(PA6)的力学性能、热稳定性和阻燃性能的影响,讨论了水滑石在MCA阻燃PA6热分解历程和燃烧过程所发挥的作用。结果表明,随着水滑石用量从0%增加到15%,MCA阻燃PA6复合材料的拉伸强度从73 MPa下降到65 MPa,降幅约11%,冲击强度从40 J/m下降到34 J/m,降幅为15%。随着水滑石用量增加,MCA阻燃PA6的复合材料的热稳定性能下降,但材料的防火性能得到提高,另外,随着水滑石用量从0%增加到15%,M CA阻燃PA6的极限氧指数从32%升高到36%。     

A novel flame retardant UV‐curable vinyl ester resin monomer based on industrial dipentene: Preparation,characterization, and properties

A novel bio‐based and flame‐retardant UV‐curable vinyl ester resin (VER) monomer named Diglycidyl ester of maleinized dipentene modified with dibutyphosphate and methacrylic anhydride (MDDMD) was synthesized from industrial dipentene via Diels‐Alder reaction, glycidylation, epoxy ring‐opening reaction, and esterification. Its chemical structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H‐NMR). In order to improve its flexibility, we prepared a series of copolymers under UV light radiation by mixing it with certain proportions of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate‐200 (PEGDMA‐200) which contained flexible groups. Their tensile property, curing degrees (CD), hardness, limiting oxygen index (LOI), dynamic mechanical thermal properties, and thermostability were all investigated. The cured mixed resins have a relatively high tensile strength of 10.05 MPa and curing degrees up to 92.5%. Both hardness (range: 50 to 23 HD) and LOI (range: 22.8% to 24.4%) of cured resins are improved with the increase of MDDMD content. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) shows that their glass transition temperatures rise with the increase of MDDMD content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the thermal stability of cured resins is enhanced with the increase of PEGDMA‐200 content, as the main thermal initial decomposition temperatures are all above 260 °C and char yield at 800 °C are above 18.10%. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44084.