茧层率自动测定与信息化管理系统设计

【目的】研究在家蚕的育种中,蚕茧个体茧层率、全茧量和茧层量之间的关系特性,实现茧层率的自动测定与信息化管理。【方法】基于C/S结构设计家蚕育种自动称量与选择系统。【结果】该系统可快速记录全茧量、茧层量、茧层率等数据,并自动统计出需要优选的蚕茧个体,实现家蚕育种过程茧层率这一重要指标的数据采集、管理和统计分析。【结论】通过对数据的智能化分析应用,为育种管理人员选育家蚕新品种提供及时可靠的详细数据,加强了育种质量管理,提高了培育家蚕品种的质量。     

家蚕限性黄茧品种与白茧品种组配四元杂交种研究

用改良成对家蚕限性黄茧品种 (中黄 B× 0 2、中黄 4×日黄 1)与现行强健、丝质优的成对白茧品种 (932× 75 32、芙蓉×湘晖 ) ,按现行四元杂交种的组配方式组配成四元杂交种 ,并进行饲养试验。结果表明 ,在正常季节 ,由 1对限性黄茧品种 (中黄 B× 0 2 )与 1对白茧品种 (“932× 75 32”或“芙蓉×湘晖”)组配成的四元杂交种 (“932 .中黄 B× 75 32 .0 2”或“芙蓉 .中黄 B×湘晖 .0 2”)与 2对白茧品种组配的四元杂交种“932 .芙蓉×75 32 .湘晖” (对照 )相比较 ,虫蛹率相似 ,万头产茧量增加 2 .2 2 %～ 4.2 8% ,万头茧层量增加 1.2 1%～ 3.86 %。白茧的一茧丝长、解舒率与对照相似 ,黄茧的一茧丝长 10 0 0 m左右 ,比对照短 10 0 m左右 ,解舒率比白茧差 2 0 %～ 30 %。说明成对限性黄茧种与成对白茧种组配的四元杂交种 (简称“2限黄 2白四元杂交种”)的综合经济性状可达到或超过现行实用四元白茧品种 (932 .芙蓉× 75 32 .湘晖 )的水平。“2限黄 2白四元杂交种”的杂交原种 8种组合中 ,有 4种组合 (即“限性黄茧 .白茧”)是雌茧黄色 ,雄茧白色 ,良种繁殖过程中利用这一特点鉴别雌雄工效比现行白茧品种提高 5倍左右 ,比斑纹限性品种提高 3倍左右 ,雌雄鉴别的准确率为 10 0 %。     

南方稻区早籼新品种综合性状分析

以1998年和1999年南方水稻区域试验早籼早中熟组的数据为资料,采用朱军等[1,2]提出的统计分析方法分析产量、生育期、米质和抗性等性状的基因型×环境互作.方差分析结果表明,所有分析的性状都存在较大的年份效应,一些性状存在较大的基因型×年份互作效应.对产量和综合性状的比较表明:中组1号和湘早籼19产量较高.湘早籼19和351A/9279综合性状表现较好.此外还分析了各品种综合性状对环境指数的敏感程度和稳定性表现.     

大蚕塑料薄膜覆盖育可行性研究

本文通过大蚕塑料薄膜覆盖育与常规大蚕通育对比试验,得出采用大蚕塑料薄膜覆盖育能提供低温多湿环境,减少桑叶失水,保持桑叶新鲜,提高蚕儿食下量、消化量,促进蚕儿生长发育,从而达到缩短龄期经过时间,提高全茧量、茧层量、茧层率,增加经济效益的目的。     

基因型和环境对小麦品质性状的影响

本实验在5个生态试验点研究8个冬小麦品种的5个品质性状的遗传表现.结果表明:各性状的基因型方差基本达到极显著水平;环境方差在4个性状上达到显著或极显著水平;基因型和环境互作在3个性状上达到显著或极显著水平;基因型变异在多数品质性状上大于环境变异;环境变异对一些重要品质性状的作用较大;基因型变异在所有性状上大于基因和环境互作变异.     

『三水』养蚕高

近年来,盐部县郭猛镇推行『三水』养蚕新技术,收到很好效果.现将这一新技术简述如下,供各地蚕农参考. 水分的需要,能有效提高蚕茧的产量和质量.其效果以早秋蚕最好,中秋蚕次之,春蚕和夏蚕效果不明显.给早秋蚕清水3回育与鲜叶4回育相比,全茧量提高13%,茧层量提高16%,茧层率提高26%.给中秋蚕添喂清水2回育与鲜叶4回育相比,全茧量提高2.3%,茧层量提高2.1%.添喂清水的方法:     

一种基于数据划分的家蚕性状比较方法

性状比较的结果数据有助于家蚕优良亲本选择和性状改良工作.人工比较家蚕性状的工作量大,效率低,且易出错.以家蚕茧层率性状比较为例,提出一种基于数据划分的家蚕性状比较方法,把家蚕茧层率数据按比较年季和比较均值分为2类,分别计算性状趋势、性状均值变化率和综合性状均值变化率等成绩,利用线性回归、方差分析等统计方法,比较3个家蚕品种连续10年春蚕期的茧层率.实验结果显示,该方法能够灵活地对任意家蚕品种、任意蚕期数据段比较性状指标,是一种通用的性状比较方法,具有一定的实用性.     

三重测交与小麦群体遗传分析

本研究对三重测交分析模式做了理论推演,并据此对两套小麦群体材料进行了遗传变异与基因效应—环境互作分析。结果表明:虽然加性—显性模式对大部分性状合适,但上位效应对产量性状的作用不可低估。加性效应在各性状中均为显著或极显著;显性效应在大多数性状中相当重要。而且,加性遗传方差估值多大于显性方差,前者的估值稳定性也明显大于后者。参试性状均表现显著的基因效应—环境互作。加性、显性效应对环境差异的敏感程度相近;但不同类型的上位效应与环境互作的表现不同,其中ad型和dd型与环境的互作更为明显。本研究中aa型上位效应作用较小,ad与dd型居多。试验证明,模式Ⅴ和Ⅶ较为妥善,可在遗传育种研究中广泛应用。     

介绍两对夏秋蚕新品种

1972年以来,我省大面积推广了东34×苏12、东34×603两对夏秋蚕品种,取代了华10×306,对于稳定夏秋蚕生产、提高夏秋茧的产量起了很大的作用。但这两对品种还共同存在着茧层率低、茧价低、丝短、丝量少等缺点。最近东34×603净度下降很快,东34的抗逆性逐步减弱,苏12原蚕体质差秋繁困难。鉴于生产上迫切要求培育更优良的新品种,省农科院蚕桑研究所先后育成了选3×育26和丰秋×西湖两对新品种,从室内比较试验看,茧层率、     

红松半同胞家系生长性状变异分析与优良家系选择

【目的】分析红松(Pinus koraiensis)半同胞家系生长性状的遗传变异,选择优良家系,为红松高世代遗传改良提供材料。【方法】以吉林露水河国家红松良种基地内红松半同胞家系子代测定林为研究对象,对34个家系(包括对照1个)不同林龄(18、23、27 a)时期的生长性状进行家系间差异性比较、遗传参数估算、表型相关与遗传相关分析,综合各林龄阶段家系生长表现,以材积和育种值为主要指标进行优良家系选择。【结果】不同林龄时期,树高、胸径、材积的家系间差异均达到极显著水平。材积家系间差异主要受遗传效应影响,随林龄增长,作用逐渐加强。树高与胸径主要受遗传效应、遗传与环境互作效应共同影响,冠幅主要受环境效应影响。4个性状中,树高变异相对较小,材积变异较大。树高、胸径、材积受较强遗传控制,冠幅受中低遗传控制。林龄18~23 a时,树高、胸径、材积的家系遗传力呈下降趋势;林龄23~27 a时,遗传力变幅较小,表现趋于稳定。遗传进展变化趋势与遗传变异系数变化趋势一致,表现为树高、胸径、材积随林龄增长有所下降,林龄23 a后变幅缩小,基本稳定。生长性状间表型相关与遗传相关均表现为正相关关系。胸径与材积遗传相关达到极显著水平;树高与材积遗传相关随林龄增长逐渐减弱;冠幅与材积遗传相关随林龄增长逐渐加强。对参试家系3个林龄时期的生长表现进行综合分析与评价,筛选出优良家系2个,二者材积均值高出对照25.84%,高出参试家系平均值50.00%,高出表现较差的1331号家系114.29%。【结论】所选1302号、1046号优良家系材积现实增益显著,可为红松高世代育种提供基础材料,对今后红松生长性状的遗传改良以及大径材定向培育等具有积极意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.