定时和频率偏差对OFDM系统性能影响

推导了定时和频率偏差下OFDM系统中的同步原理,讨论了载波频率偏差和符号定时偏差在高斯信道下对系统性能的影响.在给出系统模型的基础上,用MATLAB实现了频偏和符号定时偏差对接收信号相位和幅度影响的仿真.最后给出在理想情况和存在同步误差情况下的系统误码率曲线.     

基于符号定时偏差补偿的过零点采样自干扰消除

针对系统存在符号定时偏差时造成自干扰信号过零点漂移,进而导致过零点采样自干扰消除方法性能失效问题,本文提出一种符号定时偏差补偿的信号过零点采样自干扰消除方法.首先,利用辅助信号设计与自逆多项式根存在原理得到计算过零点的数学模型.其次,通过分析两种不同符号定时偏差对接收信号的影响,采用差值法和相关函数法计算系统符号定时偏...     

定时和频率偏差对0FDM系统性能影响

推导了定时和频率偏差下OFDM系统中的同步原理,讨论了载波频率偏差和符号定时偏差在高斯信道下对系统性能的影响。在给出系统模型的基础上,用MATLAB实现了频偏和符号定时偏差对接收信号相位和幅度影响的仿真。最后给出在理想情况和存在同步误差情况下的系统误码率曲线。     

一种优化的OFDM符号定时与频偏估计算法及其FPGA实现

符号定时与频偏估计是OFDM系统中的关键技术之一.本文分析了符号定时偏差与载波频偏对OFDM系统性能的影响,提出了一种优化的最大似然同步算法,并给出了在FPGA中的硬件实现方案,得到其仿真结果.传统的循环前缀符号同步算法,仅仅利用一个OFDM符号的循环前缀及其相应部分的相关性,其相关峰值不明显,同步效果不理想.本文提出一种充分利用连续多个OFDM符号同时进行相关功率运算,在同样信噪比的情况下,相对于单个OFDM符号进行同步估计的系统,符号定时与频偏估计的精度更高,误差更小.     

跳频电台中的CPM符号定时同步和频偏估计

提出了一种CPM的符号定时同步和频偏估计方法.首先分析了符号定时同步精度和频率偏差对解调性能影响.针对超短波跳频电台,提出了采用波形相关和最大似然估计定时偏差的方法,将同步精度提高到Ts/16;同时提出了采用预置频偏校正法减小频偏的影响.计算机仿真表明,该方法能使CPM的解调性能接近准确同步、无频偏的性能,验证了CPM...     

OFDM数字接收机的符号定时同步算法研究与仿真

同步技术是OFDM的关键技术之一,同步实现方案优劣对OFDM性能有举足轻重的影响,而符号的时间同步偏差则会导致码间干扰(ISI).OFDM系统的符号定时同步又可以分为粗估计和细估计两个阶段.主要对基于循环前缀的符号同步粗估计及基于频域导频符号细估计算法进行了深入的研究及仿真分析.     

同步偏差对MPAM和MQAM性能的影响

文中分析了同步偏差即定时偏差和载波恢复相差对MPAM和MQAM接收性能的影响。首先推导了高斯噪声信道下同步偏差对MPAM和MQAM信号误符号率的影响,然后通过计算机仿真对结果进行了验证。     

多径衰落信道下的OFDM时频联合同步算法

符号定时和载波频率偏差将严重影响OFDM系统的性能。基于具有重复结构的CAZAC序列,提出了一种仅利用一个CAZAC符号实现符号定时、整数倍频偏与小数倍频偏估计的同步算法。这种算法在完成粗定时同步的同时得到整数倍频偏估计,然后根据整数倍频偏估计值对定时估计进行修正,最后完成小数倍频偏估计。分析与仿真结果表明,该算法相对经典算法,不但提高了传输效率,还显著改善了OFDM系统的定时与频偏估计性能,相比CAZAC序列算法,提升了多径信道下的同步性能。     

OFDM系统符号同步的FPGA设计与实现

分析了符号定时偏差对OFDM系统中数据传输的影响,参考IEEE802.11a标准给出了基于训练序列的符号同步算法在FPGA中的硬件实现方案,并在ISE平台中进行验证.仿真结果表明,该实现方案有效减少了硬件资源的使用,提高了运行效率,能够实现有效的符号同步,并且易于进行工程实现.     

卫星OFDM系统的同步算法研究

定时偏差和频率偏移会造成OFDM系统性能严重恶化,研究了卫星OFDM系统的同步技术,使OFDM能适应卫星信道低信噪比环境,实现天地一体化通信网络的融合。在分析了现有的卫星信道条件下OFDM符号定时同步算法和载波频率同步算法性能的基础上,根据CAZAC序列相关峰位置受定时偏差和频率偏移的影响,设计了一种新的训练序列,并依新训练序列提出了一种改进的同步算法。仿真结果表明,在卫星信道下该算法在低信噪比时依然具有较高的符号定时同步和载波频率同步性能,并且在时域信号中就可以实现同步,相比其他在频域中实现同步的算法减少了复杂度。     

Mathematical analysis of the impact of timing synchronization errors on the performance of an OFDM system

This letter addresses the effect of timing synchronization errors that are introduced by an erroneous detection of the start of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. Throughout this letter, the term "timing error" would refer to this type of error. Such errors degrade the performance of an OFDM receiver by introducing intercarrier interference (ICI) and intersymbol interference (ISI). They can occur due to either an erroneous initial frame synchronization or a change in the power delay profile of the channel. In this letter, we provide a mathematical analysis of the effect of timing errors on the performance of an OFDM receiver in a frequency-selective fading environment. The analysis presented in this letter is for the case that no equalization technique has been used to mitigate the introduced ICI and ISI. We find exact formulas for the power of interference terms and the resulting average signal-to-interference ratio. We further extend the analysis to the subsample level. Our results show the nonsymmetric effect of timing errors on the performance of an OFDM system. Finally, simulation results confirm the analysis. The results of this letter can be easily extended to address the effect of such errors on DMT modems.     

Analysis of DS-CDMA parallel interference cancellation with phaseand timing errors

We consider the use of multistage parallel interference cancellation at the base station of a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) wireless system. Previous work in this area has demonstrated the potential for significant improvements in capacity and near-far resistance. However, most previous work has assumed perfect synchronization with the signals of interest. Practical systems will experience phase jitter and timing errors. We undertake an analysis of the effects of phase and timing errors, obtaining a closed form result for bit-error rate (BER) performance after an arbitrary number of stages of cancellation in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. This result is shown to agree well with simulations. Simulation results are also presented for the important case of frequency selective Rayleigh fading. The results from both analysis and simulations demonstrate that interference cancellation is fairly robust to phase and timing errors     

阵列模型误差影响下ESPRIT算法的二阶性能分析

 针对阵列模型误差扰动的影响,该文对ESPRIT算法的方位估计性能进行二阶性能分析(即忽略模型误差扰动量的三次及以上各项).与经典分析方法(即一阶分析方法)相比,文中的性能分析方法能够在模型误差扰动较大的情况下提高性能预测精度.此外,文中的理论推导不仅针对阵列流形失配的情况,还针对阵元噪声模型失配的情形.数值实验表明:在较大模型误差的条件下,文中的二阶性能分析方法能够提高对ESPRIT算法的性能预测精度.     

Analysis and measurement of timing error effects in a SAW-basedgroup demodulator

This paper examines the effect of timing errors on QPSK/FDMA signals regenerated by a SAW-based group demodulator. The presence of a timing offset not only degrades the performance of that channel, but also increases the amount of its interference into other channels. Time windowing of the input to the chirp Fourier transform is shown to reduce the impact of the timing errors, but at the cost of an increased output noise variance. Measurements are presented for the bit-error rate (BER) performance of a single channel with a fixed timing offset using a surface acoustic wave (SAW) group demodulator based on the convolve-multiply-convolve (CMC) configuration with Kaiser-Bessel windowing     

PVTA-aware approximate custom instruction extension technique: A cross-layer approach

Process, Voltage, and Temperature variations together with transistor Aging (PVTA) can result in significant number of timing errors in Custom Instructions (CIs) manufactured at nano-scaled silicon nodes. The state-of-the-art approach to tackle this concern is to use guard-band. However, this policy can adversely decrease the performance gain obtained by CIs as the gap between worst-case delay and true delay due to PVTA variations is increased. This paper proposes a novel approximate CI selection technique to address this issue. This technique allows the applications which do not require perfect accuracy to experience a tolerable amount of timing errors imposed by PVTA variations in favor of significantly improving the performance of the extensible processor. To achieve this, the proposed CI selection technique not only considers those CIs which their PVTA-aware delay is less than the given timing constraint, but also it takes into account the approximate CIs (i.e., those CIs that cannot strictly meet the timing constraint resulting in noisy/approximate computations). First, a timing analysis is performed to precisely compute the delay distribution of CIs in the presence of workload- and circuit-dependent PVTA variations. Then, based on the obtained distribution for each CI, a fault-map (i.e., timing error locations) is extracted. Using the fault-map, each circuit-level timing error is propagated to application-level to evaluate the quality/accuracy of the application output in the presence of PVTA-induced errors in approximate CIs. Finally, based on this cross-layer information, an optimal set of CIs is selected. This set results in maximum performance per silicon area under the given constraints on the power consumption and the errors which can be tolerated by the user. The simulations for various benchmark applications show that the proposed cross-layer technique results in up to 2.7 × speedup increase compared to the existing techniques, which comes at the expense of 6% more error.     

A robust timing synchronization design in OFDM systems?part II: high-mobility cases

In this paper we consider the design of a robust timing synchronization algorithm for pilot-aided OFDM systems in high-mobility fading environments. We first analyze the impact of both mobility and timing errors on the performance of a pilot-aided OFDM system for frequency selective fading channels, by deriving an expression for channel estimation error variance. The analysis will show that, even for high levels of mobility, a pilot-aided channel estimator is considerably sensitive to timing errors, due to the impact of rotations in different bases. We then show how this sensitivity can be utilized to design a robust timing synchronization algorithm for mobile OFDM systems, without relying on synchronization training information. Theoretical results are then confirmed by simulating the performance of an OFDM system in high delay and Doppler spread fading environments. Finally, we show how the proposed mathematical framework and algorithm can be used to address timing synchronization in the presence of a frequency offset as well. The analysis of this paper is the extension of the derivations of Part I [8], the accompanying paper on the design of a robust timing synchronizer for low-mobility OFDM systems.     

Timing error detector design and analysis for orthogonal space-time block code receivers

A general framework for the design of low complexity timing error detectors (TEDs) for orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) receivers is proposed. Specifically, we derive sufficient conditions for a difference-of-threshold-crossings timing error estimate to be robust to channel fading. General expressions for the S-curve, estimation error variance and the signal-to-noise ratio are also obtained. As the designed detectors inherently depend on the properties of the OSTBC under consideration, we derive and evaluate the properties of TEDs for a number of known codes. Simulations are used to assess the system performance with the proposed timing detectors incorporated into the receiver timing loop operating in tracking mode. While the theoretical derivations assume a receiver with perfect channel state information and symbol decisions, simulation results include performance for pilot-symbol-based channel estimation and data symbol detection errors. For the case of frequency-flat Rayleigh fading and QPSK modulation, symbol-error-rate results show timing synchronization loss of less than 0.3 dB for practical timing offsets. In addition it is shown that the receiver is able to track timing drift with a normalized bandwidth of up to 0.001.     

A Bayesian maximum-likelihood sequence estimation algorithm for apriori unknown channels and symbol timing

It is shown that the optimum demodulator for the case of an a priori unknown channel and symbol timing can be approximated using a modified Viterbi algorithm (VA), in which the branch metrics are obtained from the conditional innovations of a bank of extended Kalman filters (EKFs). Each EKF computes channel and timing estimates conditioned on one of the survivor sequences in the trellis. It is also shown that the minimum-variance channel and timing estimates can be approximated by a sum of conditional EKF estimates, weighted by the VA metrics. Simulated bit error rate (BER) results and averaged-squared channel/timing error trajectories are presented, with estimation errors compared to the Cramer-Rao lower bound. The BER performance of the modified VA is also shown to be superior to that obtained using a decision-directed channel/timing estimation algorithm     

接口时序对数字中频发射机边带抑制的影响

结合AD9142在GSM无线通信发射机中的应用,指出了边带信号对系统性能的影响,着重从原理上分析了接口时序错误对边带信号的贡献、成因及改善方法,并给出了时序优化前后的数据对比验证结果。为了保证DAC输出性能达到最优,需要保证接口时序满足建立时间和保持时间要求。通过调整基带处理侧的延时和DAC内部的延时可以使接口时序满足要求。     

A robust timing synchronization design in OFDM systems?part I: low-mobility cases

In this paper we are interested in designing a robust timing synchronization algorithm for OFDM systems that utilize pilot-aided channel estimation. We first characterize the impact of timing errors on the performance of a pilot-aided OFDM system. We derive analytical expressions for average channel estimation error variance in the presence of timing errors in high delay spread fading environments. The derived expressions show that pilot-aided channel estimators are considerably sensitive to timing synchronization errors due to the impact of rotations in different bases. We then show how to utilize this sensitivity to design a robust timing synchronization algorithm, without training overhead. The proposed algorithm is a cross-block design that uses channel estimation information to improve timing synchronization. We confirm our analytical results by simulating the proposed algorithm in high delay spread fading environments. In this paper, i.e. part I, we focus on timing synchronization for low-mobility cases. The analysis and results are then extended to high-mobility applications in part II.