一步原位气泡拉伸法制备LDHs/PS纳米复合材料及其力学性能分析

采用一步原位气泡拉伸(ISBS)法制备了水滑石/聚苯乙烯(LDHs/PS)纳米复合材料,研究了ISBS对LHDs的分散情况和复合材料机械性能的影响。结果表明:与双螺杆机械分散法相比,ISBS法可以实现LDHs在PS中纳米级均匀分散;通过双螺杆挤出机消泡处理后,分散开的LDHs没有发生明显的再团聚;相同添加量情况下,一步ISBS法制备的复合材料具有更好的机械性能,在一定添加量范围内,材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度随着添加量的增大而增大,均在LDHs质量分数为5%时达到最大值。     

原位气泡拉伸法制备LDPE/纳米Mg(OH)2复合材料研究

用原位气泡拉伸(ISBS)法制备低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)/纳米Mg(OH)2复合材料。结果表明,ISBS法对LDPE基体中的纳米Mg(OH)2具有良好的分散能力,被分散的纳米粒子没有重新团聚。ISBS法制备的纳米复合材料的力学性能优于双螺杆剪切分散制备的复合材料的性能。复合材料的拉伸强度随着纳米Mg(OH)2添加量的增加而增大,在添加量为15份时达到最大值,然后随着添加量的增加而下降,但仍然远高于纯LDPE的拉伸强度。     

PP/POE/GNP导电复合材料的制备与性能研究

用油酸钠/乙醇溶液、邻二氯苯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮对膨胀石墨进行表面处理和分散改性并制备了纳米石墨微片(GNP),研究了其效果,确定了油酸钠/乙醇溶液作为分散介质和表面改性剂。将由该处理剂制得的GNP以不同添加量添加到聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体共混树脂(PP/POE)中,制得PP/POE/GNP复合材料。测试表明,GNP在基体中分散均匀,大部分达到纳米尺寸,与基体结合良好,复合材料的室温渗滤阈值为9%左右(对应GNP质量份数为10份),GNP质量份数超过10份之后复合材料成为半导体,最低体积电阻率为3.6×107Ω.cm。当GNP质量份数为20份时,复合材料仍然保持较佳力学性能,材料破坏方式为脆性断裂。     

利用ISBS方法制备PMMA/膨胀石墨/P(MMA-St)复合材料的效果研究

气泡在膨胀的过程中可以对周围高聚物做功,并利用相互作用力能够对纳米材料进行有效分散,实验分别通过对膨胀石墨和自制棒状纳米级甲基丙烯酸甲酯与苯乙烯共聚物(MMA-St)与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)共混过程中使用和不使用原位气泡拉伸法(ISBS)进行研究,通过扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)分析证明使用ISBS方法后石墨的长度为未使用的1/7.5,自制的棒状纳米高聚物团聚颗粒在基体中几乎没有了,全部均匀分散到基体中,实验也对加工制得的标准样条进行力学性能测试,数据表明:使用ISBS方法分散添加膨胀石墨可以提高材料的冲击强度达到214％,而使用此方法分散添加自制的棒状纳米PMMA-St可以提高材料的拉伸强度达到72.9％.     

SBR的纳米级分散对聚丙烯力学性能的影响

利用ISBS方法制备PP/纳米SBR复合材料。通过SEM和力学性能测试,研究了纳米SBR在复合材料中的分散状况,并考察了不同纳米SBR的添加对PP力学性能的影响。结果表明:纳米SBR在基体PP中实现了纳米级分散;且纳米SBR的添加量为7%时,复合材料PP/纳米SBR的力学性能最佳,其中缺口冲击强度提高了80%。     

纳米SiO_2增加聚丙烯(PP)的研究

通过熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)／SiO_2纳米复合材料,并使用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子拉力机和冲击机等对材料进行表征。研究发现硅烷偶联剂对纳米SiO_2在聚丙烯(PP)中的分散起一定的作用,但不是非常有效。添加相容剂PP-g-MAH后,可以使纳米SiO_2均匀地分散于PP中。当纳米SiO_2含量为2重量份时,PP／SiO_2纳米复合材料的性能最优,与纯PP相比较,Izod冲击强度提高了90％,拉伸强度略微提高了5％,弯曲强度提高了23%。最后,作者对纳米SiO_2的增韧机理和PP-g-MAH大幅度改善纳米SiO_2在PP中分散效果的机理作了初步推断。     

纳米SiO_2增强增韧聚丙烯界面模型的研究

通过熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯 纳米SiO2 复合材料。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了纳米SiO2 在聚丙烯中的分散效果,结果表明纳米SiO2 团聚少,分散好。测试结果表明,当使用 2份纳米SiO2 时,聚丙烯 纳米SiO2 复合材料的力学性能最优:与纯PP相比,V形缺口冲击强度提高了 90 %,弯曲强度提高了 2 3%,拉伸强度提高了 5 %;最后,设想一种新的模型来解释聚丙烯 纳米SiO2 复合材料可能的微观界面结构     

石墨烯/聚丙烯纳米复合材料性能的研究

采用水合肼还原氧化石墨烯(GO)制备石墨烯(GE),通过熔融共混法制备GE/聚丙烯(PP)纳米复合材料,研究了GE的用量对PP结晶性能、力学性能以及热稳定性的影响。结果表明:GE能在PP基体中良好地分散。添加2.0份GE时,与纯的PP相比,纳米复合材料的结晶温度提高2.9℃,拉伸强度提高13.4 MPa,最大热分解温度上升了48.9℃。     

相容剂对高岭土/聚丙烯纳米复合材料结晶行为的影响

使用密炼机混合制备了不同马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)相容剂比例的聚丙烯高岭土纳米复合材料,利用差示扫描量热仪、偏光显微镜及动态流变仪研究了复合材料的结晶行为,使用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的微区形貌。研究发现,添加一定比例的PP-g-MAH可以一定程度上提高复合材料的结晶速率,而高比例的PP-g-MAH又会降低复合材料的结晶速率。添加相容剂PP-g-MAH可以有效减少团聚现象,提高纳米高岭土在聚丙烯高岭土复合材料中的分散均匀性。     

高分散性PP-R/纳米碳酸钙复合材料的制备与性能研究

无规共聚聚丙烯(PP-R)是聚丙烯的一种,其抗冲击性能,光学性能均优于普通均聚聚丙烯,但力学性能仍达不到实际使用要求,尤其低温脆性较大,因此需要对PP-R进行增韧改性。本研究利用聚乙二醇包覆纳米碳酸钙,然后与PP-R进行共混改性,制备具有高分散性的PP-R/纳米碳酸钙复合材料。对复合材料的力学性能、结晶性能、微观形貌等进行了研究。实验结果表明,活性纳米碳酸钙的添加提高了PP-R的力学性能,其冲击强度最高可达40.73 kJ/m~2;PP-R球晶粒径减小且结晶温度升高,说明纳米碳酸钙起到了异相成核作用。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。