氧化剂用量对氧化石墨烯合成的影响

研究了改进Hummers法中氧化剂用量对所合成的氧化石墨烯结构和亲水性的影响，通过控制氧化剂用量制备了两种氧化石墨烯，采用原子力显微镜、红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射、水接触角对氧化石墨烯进行了表征分析，研究了不同氧化剂用量下的氧化石墨烯的微观结构、氧化程度和亲水性。试验结果表明随着氧化剂用量增加，氧化石墨烯的厚度和横向尺寸变小，层间距不变，氧化程度增加，亲水性降低。     

油脂氧化常用检测方法及其评价

油脂氧化常用检测方法及其评价韩玉莲卫生部食品卫生监督检验所（１０００２１）现普遍认为、油脂氧化则导致食品变质，食品质量的好坏取决于脂质氧化的程度，因此，一些评价油脂氧化程度的分析方法和标准，在食品卫生学中具有相当重要的意义。现就常用的油脂氧化检测方法...     

淀粉氧化程度与其表面施胶作用的关系

本文通过分析不同工艺条件下制备的氧化淀粉羧基含量、淀粉颗粒表面形态的变化，研究了不同氧化程度的氧化淀粉作为表面施胶剂对纸张性能的影响。结果表明，在本实验条件下，随着氧化剂（H2O2）、催化剂用量的增加，淀粉氧化程度提高；随着水用量的增加，淀粉氧化程度下降。作为纸张表面施胶剂，不同氧化程度的氧化淀粉对纸张性能的影响有明显的差别，其中，羧基含量为0．62％的2#及羧基含量为0．72％的6#氧化淀粉的作用效果最好。     

纺织上浆用氧化淀粉的表观性能及微观机理

氧化淀粉是由原淀粉与氧化剂在一定温度和pH值条件下反应制得的变性淀粉，氧化淀粉的氧化深度可根据氧化淀粉的羧基和羰基数量来判断。文中通过羧基含量对氧化淀粉粘度的影响、氧化反应对淀粉颗粒表面的作用等试验，对原淀粉和氧化淀粉颗粒的微观表面进行了分析对比，指出：氧化反应使淀粉颗粒表面的粗糙度增加；在制备羧基含量高的氧化淀粉时，粘度不能降得太低；高羧基含量的氧化淀粉对提高纱线的粘附力是不能忽视的。     

冷榨制取与超临界CO2萃取核桃油的氧化稳定性比较研究

核桃油中的不饱和脂肪酸含量很高，因而比较容易氧化。为了比较冷榨制取与超临界CO2萃取的核桃油的氧化稳定性，测定了它们在黑暗和光照条件下的过氧化值，并进行了感官品评。研究发现：黑暗条件下，冷榨制取的核桃油的氧化稳定性高于超临界CO2萃取的核桃油的氧化稳定性；光照条件下，超临界CO2萃取的核桃油的氧化稳定性高于冷榨制取的核桃油的氧化稳定性。根据它们氧化稳定性的不同可以选择不同的材料对产品进行包装。     

辐照处理对泠却肉脂肪氧化影响的研究

研究了辐照剂量、贮藏时间和抗氧化剂对冷却肉脂肪氧化的影响。结果表明：辐照处理会加速冷却肉脂肪氧化，辐照剂量越高，脂肪氧化程度越大；在贮藏前期，随着贮藏时间的延长，辐照冷却肉脂肪氧化速度明显加快；在贮藏后期，冷却肉脂肪氧化的程度不能单纯根据过氧化值来判断；抗氧化剂茶多酚可以明显抑制辐照处理和贮藏时间对冷却肉脂肪氧化的影响。     

氧化猪脂-热反应制备猪肉香精研究

以过氧化值、茴香胺值和酸值表征脂肪的氧化状态，采用控制氧化工艺，制备了不同氧化状态的猪脂样品。根据各氧化猪脂的热反应产物感官评价结果，分析比较了氧化猪脂的过氧化值、茴香胺值和酸值对热反应产物风味的影响。初步确定了氧化猪脂-热反应制备猪肉香精的氧化猪脂控制指标：过氧化值230-630meq氧／kg脂肪，p-A．V．大于60，A．V．小于4．0mg KOH／g脂肪。     

对油脂氧化机理中缺陷的研究

传统不饱和天然油脂氧化(和抗氧化)机理及皮革化学品(氧化亚硫酸化加脂剂)油脂氧化机理的观点，与大量的实验存在很多明显的矛盾。现代仪器分析测试手段的引入，系统地研究与表征了油脂氧化过程中的产物，完善了传统油脂氧化机理。     

利用带光电二极管阵检测的反相HPLC对ECG,EGCG和红茶中的氧化 …

利用反相ＨＰＬＣ分析对ＥＣＧ和ＥＧＣＧ的氧化产物的色谱进行了比较，实验中有少量的ＥＧＣＧ在所设计的氧化体系中，由ＥＣＧ经所选择的化学氧化条件氧化形成。所以ＥＣＧ的氧化要能是先产生ＥＧＣＧ，随后再与ＥＧＣＧ共同被氧化或ＥＧＣＧ单独被氧化来继续其反应，用于分析洗脱红茶及多酚类的氧化产物的较为理想的ＨＰＬＣ洗脱梯度应为：试剂Ａ１％柠檬酸，自９２％至５０％，而相应的试剂Ｂ乙腈，则由８％在设计的区间内升至５     

氧化交联淀粉浆料HD-2的研制及应用

用过氧化氢氧化淀粉，控制一定的氧化深度，进一步与交联剂反应合成了一种新型上浆剂．分析了过氧化氢的用量、反应pH值对氧化深度的影响，选择了一种新型交联剂进行交联反应．测试结果表明，该氧化交联淀粉上浆性能优良。     

鼠尾草酸抑制油酸甲酯热氧化反应作用研究

食用油热加工过程中油脂氧化劣变 对人体健康存在风险,有效控制油脂氧化劣变,对提升食品安全水平具有重要意义。针对鼠尾草酸（Carnosic acid,CA）如何有效抑制油酸甲酯热氧化反应这一科学问题,利用国标法、液相色谱（High Performance Liquid Chromato- graphy ,HPLC）、电子顺磁共振（Electron Spin Resonance,ESR）分析CA对油酸甲酯热氧化反应的抑制作用。结果表明,加入抗氧化剂能够显著降低油酸甲酯主要特性指标游离脂肪酸（Free fatty acids ,FFA）、酸价（Acid value,AV）、过氧化值（Peroxide value ,POV）、p-茴香胺值（p-anisidine value ,PAV）、总氧化值（Total oxidation value ,TOTOX值）和抑制主要醛类羰基化合物和自由基的产生。其中CA对油酸甲酯FFA、AV和自由基的抑制作用效果略好于TBHQ,而在POV、PAV、TOTOX和醛类羰基化合物方面稍逊于TBHQ。电子顺磁共振分析表明CA比TBHQ对油酸甲酯中自由基含量的抑制效果更为明显。研究表明加入抗氧化剂可以提高油酸甲酯的热氧化稳定性,其作用效果可与TBHQ媲美。     

ENHANCEMENT OF THE SHELF-LIFE OF FLAVORED BUTTER OILS BY SYNTHETIC ANTIOXIDANTS

The shelf-life of flavored butter oils was enhanced by adding permitted antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 0.02% level. Such samples competed well with conveitional ghee. Tertbuthydroquinone (TBHQ) (permitted antioxidant for vegetable fats) showed the greatest antioxidant potency and could be recommended even at a very low level (0.005%) for imparting a longer shelf-life to flavored butter oils.     

低热量油脂的发展与应用研究现状

过量摄入油脂会引发一系列的疾病,为了人类的健康,营养与食品学专家致力于开发低热量油脂.对目前国内外在低热量油脂方面的研究开发状况进行了简要介绍,综述了国际、国内已投入生产及正在研究的各种低热量油脂的类型、性质及各产品的功能和应用领域,以期为低热量油脂的研究与生产提供一些参考.     

食用氢化油的用途

对食用氢化油在糖果、焙烤食品、煎炸食品、冷饮，仿乳制品、预制产品中的应用进行了综述，并对不同用途的氢油的制备方法作了简单介绍。     

功能性油脂纳米乳研究及应用进展

功能性油脂纳米乳作为亲脂性物质载运体系被认为是有效且安全的,近年来国内外对功能性油脂纳米乳潜在价值的研究日渐深入,大量研究结果表明其应用前景广阔。为促进功能性油脂纳米乳的基础研究和产品开发,更好地拓展其应用领域,综述了功能性油脂纳米乳的构成、理化特性与制备方法,分析讨论其在脂溶性营养素包埋与传递、抗菌与抗氧化、营养药物递送载体等方面的探索性应用研究成果。建议重点探究、优化新型功能性油脂纳米乳的制备方法,赋予其更多的营养性、功能性,以满足食品工业对纳米乳体系优质原料的迫切需要。     

Influence of Tertiary Butylhydroquinone and Certain Other Surface Coatings on the Formation of Carbonyl Compounds in Granulated Roasted Peanuts

A 15-month shelf life study was conducted with granulated roasted peanuts (Arachis hypogaeu L.). The nuts were coated with combinations of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03% tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) antioxidant, two fats and an acetylated monoglyceride. Total carbonyls were measured monthly and served as an index of oxidative rancidity. TBHQ combined with citric acid was an effective anitoxidant in inhibiting carbonyl production, while the fats and monoglyceride coatings alone had no significant effect on carbonyl production. Samples without TBHQ exhibited a fivefold increase in total carbonyl content compared with samples treated with TBHQ. Total carbonyl levels of granulated peanuts treated with 0.02% TBHQ, the level presently allowed by the FDA, increased 20% during the 15-month storage period compared with an increase of 110% for those without TBHQ.     

如何选择糖果用油脂

<正> 油脂为糖果食品提供独特的性质,它能决定食品的感观特性、加工特性、稳定性和营养特性。选用适当的专用油脂产品能为开发新食品,改进现有产品的味道、质量和方便性等提供一定的有利条件。本文将深入探讨油脂的功能特性,生产商从而能选择适当的专用油脂,生产出外观、质地、风味、营养等俱佳的糖果食品。     

Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the quality and safety analysis of fats and oils: A review

Abstract

Fats and oils are essential food components. Their quality and safety pose major concerns for consumers and food producers because of factors such as oxidation and rancidity, excessive levels of trans fatty acid (TFA), and widespread adulteration. Thus, a rapid and easy-to-use technique must be exploited for quality parameter evaluation and monitoring to ensure the edibility, safety, and quality of fats and oils. In the last decades, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has shown great potential in analyzing fats and oils given its speed and simplicity. FTIR-based analytical techniques for common intrinsic quality parameters, including peroxide value, free fatty acid, moisture, TFA, iodine value, as well as oxidation stability, adulteration, and classification of various fats and oils, are summarized in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of selected infrared spectral accessories and sample preparation and spectral processing methods are highlighted. The prospects and reformative aspects for future application of the FTIR technique in the field of fats and oils are also discussed. This review may serve as a basis for applying FTIR not only in future research but also in the fat and oil industries.     

Lipid Changes during Frying of Frozen Prefried Foods

Fat absorption, lipid interchange and preferential adsorption of polar compounds on food surfaces were studied during frying of frozen prefried foods. Four frying oils were used to fry frozen potatoes and battered hake. Major and minor changes in food fats and frying oils were determined. Lipid determination after frying demonstrated significant differences in fat absorption due to the physical structure of foods. From quantitation of major fatty acids, lipid interchange between frying oils and food fats could be determined. Polar compound concentrations and distributions demonstrated no preferential adsorption on food surfaces during frying of these prefried foods.     

Determination of Tert‐Butylhydroquinone in Vegetable Oils Using Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Monitoring the level of tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a permissible antioxidant additive in edible vegetable oils in many countries, is important to ensure that oils and products that contain them comply with the relevant import regulations. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology coupled with chemometric methods including partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machine (SVM) regression was applied to determine levels of TBHQ in spiked corn oils (0 to 500 mg/kg, n = 40) and commercial vegetable oils (0 to 99.7 mg/kg, n = 25). The lowest detectable concentration was 5 mg/L for TBHQ in standard solutions and 10 mg/kg of TBHQ in vegetable oils from various plant sources. The TBHQ levels predicted by the PLS or SVM model had a high correlation with actual TBHQ levels in commercial oil samples (SVM: R² = 0.972, ratio of performance to deviation [RPD] = 5.55, root mean square error [RMSE] = 5.73 mg/kg; PLS: R² = 0.976, RPD = 6.43, RMSE = 4.94 mg/kg), indicating great potential of SERS methods for detection and quantification of TBHQ in oils from a variety of sources.