纤维缺陷光电自动分杰检验仪

一、传统的纤维均匀度及毛疵检验方法纤维缺陷中的匀度定级和毛疵的分类计数,是棉纱、蚕丝等纤维质检中的重要指标。目前广泛采用人工目视、对照标准照片进行定级分类的黑板检验法。这种方法速度低、主现任意性强,难于对纤维作出客观的评价。在棉纺织业及其检验部门,现已引进国外乌斯特仪,可对棉纤维匀度和毛疵作自动测量。该仪器采用电容传感器,根据棉纤维对探测器极板内电场     

显微放大率测量方法的不确定度分析

确定现行光学仪器目视显微放大率测量方法的准确度限,可通过建立目视显微放大率测量方法的误差链,找出误差源,根据误差源属性进行A类或B类不确定度分析,从而得出目视显微放大率测量方法合成的扩展不确定度可以达到U90=0.4%.现行光学仪器目视显微放大率测量方法,可以满足1.2%允差要求的检验;按2次检测合并要求,可以满足1.7%允差要求的检验.     

有关冷轧生产TA18钛合金管材加工工艺分析

针对小规格厚壁TA18钛合金无缝管试生产中遇到的内表面易产生裂纹、成品率低的问题，研究了冷轧工艺参数对管材表面质量和拉伸性能的影响，探索提高管材成品率的方法。结果表明：两辊开坯轧制变形量选择39％，管材内外表面质量较好；用三辊轧机进行中间道次轧制时，Q值小于0．87，管材内表面质量较好；成品管材轧制变形量选择30％，能够得到较好的力学性能和显微组织。为了提高TA18钛合金管材的成品率，在轧制过程中每轧制1～2个道次，就进行除油、酸洗、退火、矫直处理，再用喷砂＋酸洗方法去除内表面裂纹。采取该措施后，成品管材探伤合格率提高到35％-40％。     

稀有金属管材内表面流动酸洗设备的研制

介绍了一种稀有金属管材内表面流动酸洗设备的构成和解决的技术难点,生产实践证明,该设备较好地解决了小直径管材内表面酸洗困难的问题.     

铝合金薄壁管热态内压成形的变形控制

薄壁管材热态内压成形时,管材内部各处受到均匀内压的作用,但是由于管材各处的温度和边界条件不同,所以将产生复杂的变形过程。讨论热态内压成形时影响管材变形的主要因素,揭示管材热态内压成形时产生不均匀变形的主要原因。在此基础上,结合实例说明如何从控制温度分布和模具约束条件2个方面来控制管材的变形。采用不均匀温度分布,可改变各区域材料的变形抗力和摩擦状况,提高管材零件的壁厚均匀性;采用局部快速加热,可实现长管状零件的局部成形而无需大尺寸的模具;采用局部模具约束,可改变不同区域变形的先后顺序、有效控制变形的不均匀性,从而提高管材的成形性能。     

目视管理在建筑施工安全管理中的应用分析

在建筑施工中,安全问题一直是施工管理的一个重要方面。建筑施工因其危险作业、劳动强度比较大以及相关的施工人员的安全意识和素质比较低,经常出现一些安全上的问题。要真正的做好建筑施工现场的安全管理不是一件容易的事情,而在安全管理中引入目视化管理,对相关从业人员和设备进行目视化管理,使得建筑施工现场的安全管理逐步取得比较显著的效果。目视化管理直观的管理特点使得安全管理工作在一定程度上简化了、容易了。     

锆管坯挤压缩尾处理

目前,在高标准锆无缝管材的生产中,管坯的制备一般都采用热挤压方式进行,但挤压管坯都带有300--400ram的缩尾段,在正式生产中一般都将缩尾部分切除。针对锆挤压管坯缩尾段利用率低的现象,本文进行了不同处理方法对超声波检验合格率的对比试验。结果表明,对缩尾段切除300mm时,可获得很高的超声波检验合格率及尾部利用率。     

AZ41 镁合金管材充液压形规律探究

目的实现镁合金管材的室温成形。方法利用物理实验的方法研究AZ41镁合金薄壁管材充液压形过程中的成形规律,分析主要缺陷形式,并揭示圆角填充过程和壁厚分布规律。结果 AZ41镁合金管材充液压形易发生破裂和失稳缺陷。内压过低变形部位难以转移,导致弯曲破裂的发生;内压过高,管坯合模前膨胀,导致截面周长大于零件截面周长,进而发生起皱。结论最终在5.6 MPa的支撑内压下成功成形出了最小圆角5 mm的零件,最大减薄率小于5%。     

石油螺纹的检验

在石油钻采工业中 ,使用着大量的石油专用管材。作为钻采设备的关键———钻柱、套管和油管均是１０米左右一根带锥螺纹的专用管材依靠螺纹接头将其连结起来的。这种锥螺纹具有通过轴向位移来补偿连结部分直径误差的特点 ,因此具有互换性程度高、结合紧密和装拆容易等优点 ,在管材连结中应用极为广泛。但螺纹连结部分因为其受力条件较管体更为恶劣 ,是专用管材最薄弱的环节。为了保证管材之间的螺纹连接能达到足够的抗拉伸失效强度、良好的密封性、可靠的互换性和较长的使用寿命 ,确保钻采的施工安全 ,就必须对管材螺纹质量的检验和量值的溯…     

石油管材标准化：瞄准国际前沿 引领技术发展

石油管材,包括石油天然气工业用钻杆、钻铤、套管、油管和输送管等,是石油天然气工业勘探开发、炼化储运的重要载体和原材料,其标准化涉及管材产品、术语、检验、评价、工程规范等。中国石油管材研究所作为石油管材专业标准化委员会秘书处单位,是国内唯一从事石油管工程科学研究、质量监督检验和技术服务的专业研究机构,拥有国际、国家和石油天然气行业授予的10余个质量、标准、安全和失效分析资质。负责归口组织管理石油管材国家标准和石油行业标准的制修订工作,同时又是ISO／TC67／SC5“套管、油管和钻杆分委会”中方技术归口单位,ISO／TC67／MCEC“管理与执行委员会”、API／C1／SC5、ISO／TC67／SC5和美国石油学会API／C1／SC5“管材标委会”及钻柱构件分委员会、石油专用螺纹及量规资源组的正式投票成员。经过多年的辛勤工作,我国的石油管材标准化工作已居国际一流水平,取得了很好的工作业绩,在我国石油管材标准化和技术发展方面起到了不可替代的引领作用。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。