石家庄市春季PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度及其水溶性离子组分特征分析

对2013年春季石家庄市PM10和PM2.5中水溶性离子进行分析,石家庄市春季PM10平均质量浓度为354.9μg/m3,总水溶性无机离子质量浓度为105.48μg/m3,其中SO2-4,NH+4,Ca2+,Cl-和NO-3是主要的水溶性无机离子,占总离子质量分数依次为40.89%,17.93%,13.49%,10.75%和9.09%,共计92.15%;PM2.5平均质量浓度为174.4μg/m3,总水溶性无机离子质量浓度为86.45μg/m3,与PM10中一样,SO2-4,NH+4,Cl-,NO-3和Ca2+是主要的水溶性无机离子,占总离子质量分数依次为41.06%,24.25%,12.11%,8.34%和5.32%,共计91.08%。石家庄市春季PM10及PM2.5中NO-3/SO2-4比值分别约为0.22和0.20,由此判断石家庄市春季主要污染以固定源为主,以燃煤及工业生产为主要来源。     

硫酸法钛白粉还原过程及机理研究

研究了硫酸法钛白粉的还原反应过程,并考察了还原剂添加量、反应温度、反应浓度以及反应体系pH值几种影响因素对硫酸法钛白粉制备还原反应的影响。结果表明,当还原剂添加量至0.20%时,还原反应最佳;反应物浓度对反应速度影响较小,在120g/L-160g/L达到还原反应较为彻底基本已趋于稳定;反应温度太低太高均不利于还原反应的进行,在55°C时反应最佳;强酸性条件有益于还原反应的进行,当pH值小于2时还原反应速率明显较快。基于硫酸法钛白粉还原过程中Fe3+还原成Fe2+,探讨了还原过程的反应机理。     

长治酸雨观测中pH值的研究分析

本文应用数理统计方法,对长治2007年—2014年逐次降水中的p H值进行分析研究,结果表明:2007年—2009年酸雨呈现逐年恶化趋势,2010年以后降水酸化逐渐改善,由于环境治理力度加大,长治由酸雨频发地区转变为酸雨多发地区,可见有针对性的保护和改善生态环境,对实现经济社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

石家庄市环境空气中VOCs及恶臭污染特征研究

采用SUMMA罐采样-空气预浓缩-GC/MS,对石家庄市东北工业区10个环境受体点位30个样品中VOCs及恶臭污染物进行定性定量分析。结果显示,石家庄市VOCs及恶臭污染物检出物质的总质量浓度为639.8～1 403.8μg/m3,全市平均总质量浓度为1 019.2μg/m3。各点位硫化物含量最低,质量分数低于1.0%;卤代烃和芳香烃所占比例分别达到29.0%(质量分数)和21.3%(质量分数);烷烃和烯烃含量分别为17.8%(质量分数)和15.9%(质量分数)。将石家庄市各类VOCs平均浓度与国内外其他城市作比较,石家庄市的环境空气中VOCs的浓度处于较高的水平。根据石家庄市受体成分谱图显示,乙酸丁酯是成分谱图中含量最高的组分,所占比例为9.5%(质量分数),甲苯次之,含量为9.4%(质量分数),显示出乙酸丁酯和甲苯污染源对于石家庄市受体的重要影响。烷烯烃类中,C3—C5低碳数组分相对含量较高;在卤代烃的化合物中,二氯甲烷是含量最高的组分,所占比例为5.0%(质量分数)。     

石家庄市PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃的分布及来源分析

于2013年春、夏、秋、冬四季采集石家庄市6个采样点PM10和PM2.5样品,分析其中的多环芳烃,研究了石家庄市PM10和PM2.5中PAHs在不同季节的污染水平、组成特征和主要来源。结果表明,石家庄市PM10和PM2.5中有15种PAHs检出,全年PM10中PAHs的质量浓度为7.5~510.5ng/m3,PM2.5中PAHs的质量浓度为3.6~460.6ng/m3;PAHs浓度季节变化明显,冬季浓度明显高于其他季节。春、夏、秋、冬四季PM10和PM2.5中的PAHs主要分布在细粒子中。4环和5环化合物是PAHs的主要成分,占比为66%~79%。与其他季节相比,冬季4环PAHs的含量高,5环和6环PAHs的比例相对低。运用比值法综合分析,石家庄市PM10和PM2.5中PAHs在冬季主要受到燃煤污染源的贡献,在春、夏、秋季,受燃煤污染和机动车污染综合作用。     

pH值对碳钢在海洋环境腐蚀的影响

对碳钢在不同pH值的4%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中进行浸渍干湿复合循环实验的锈层进行IR分析,确定pH值在3~5范围内腐蚀产物相似,包括-γFeOOH,-αFeOOH,Fe3O4和少量β-FeOOH;通过测定铁锈的质量得出腐蚀速度随pH值增大而减小;认为铁溶解为Fe2+是整个腐蚀过程的速控步骤。     

VC磷酸酯的HPLC分析

建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定L-抗坏血酸-2-磷酸酯含量的分析方法。采用Agi-lent Eclipse XDB C18分析柱(250mm×4.0mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1mol/L磷酸二氢钾(pH值为4.4)为流动相,二者体积比为35∶65,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为254nm。在此色谱条件下,L-抗坏血酸-2-磷酸酯在0.01～0.10mg/mL质量浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 9,样品平均回收率为98.24%。     

运用市场经济手段 进行大气环境污染控制

<正> 酸雨是一种大气污染现象。形成酸雨的罪魁祸首主要是大气中由燃煤形成的超量的SO2。它与工业粉尘、烟尘并列为大气三大污染排放物。据统计,1995年我国的SO2的排放量高达2370万吨,居世界首位。这使得我国发生酸雨的地区发展迅速。据估计,平均降水PH<5.6的地区已占我国国土面积的40％左右,硫沉降量超临界负荷的面积为210万Km2,占国土面积的21.9％,每年酸雨污染仅给森林和农作物造成的直接经济损失就高达数百亿元,另外大气中的SO2是一种主要     

石家庄市区PM_(2.5)时空分布特征

石家庄市大气污染严重,尤其是PM_(2.5)浓度经常居高不下。为了更全面地掌握石家庄市PM_(2.5)浓度的变化规律,需要对其时间和空间变化规律进行长时间序列的分析。根据2013—2015年石家庄市区的监测数据,采用GIS空间分析方法,研究了PM_(2.5)的时空分布特征。结果表明,2013年PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为154μg/m3,2014年为124μg/m3,2015年为89μg/m3;季节性分布规律明显,月均浓度均呈波浪形分布,日变化呈双峰形分布;还呈现出周末浓度高于工作日浓度的"周末效应"端倪;空间分布上呈现市区东南部污染较轻、北部污染较重的空间格局,并且污染较重的空间范围在逐渐缩小,污染较轻的空间范围逐渐扩大。研究结果有利于准确掌握石家庄市区PM_(2.5)污染的时空分布,从而有针对性地开展环境污染防控。     

石家庄市冬季大气颗粒物中水溶性离子与重金属成分研究

为研究石家庄市冬季大气颗粒物中的组分特征,2015年1月采集了石家庄市大气中PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)样品,采用离子色谱和ICP-MS分别测定了颗粒物中的8种水溶性离子和6种重金属元素的含量。结果表明,石家庄市PM_(10)中Cr,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,Ni重金属质量浓度范围在0.02~1.72μg/m~3之间,水溶性离子平均质量浓度为125.5μg/m~3,其中Cl-,NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-),NH_4~+分别占总离子质量分数的11.6%,7.8%,43.4%,19.0%,共计81.8%。PM_(2.5)中6种重金属质量浓度范围在0.01~1.23μg/m~3之间,水溶性离子平均质量浓度为104.9μg/m~3,其中Cl-,NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-),NH_4~+分别占总离子质量分数的12.5%,7.2%,43.3%,18.7%,共计81.7%。PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中NH_4~+与SO_4~(2-)的相关性较好,NH_4~+可能主要以硫酸盐形式存在。PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)样品中重金属的相关性基本一致,Cr和Ni的相关性较好,表明其可能来源于同一污染源,Cu,Zn和Ni之间的显著性相关说明这3个元素有可能同源。     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。