Ti—12Co—5Al合金高速低温超塑变形

采用合适的冶炼及形变热处理工艺获得了具有x-Ti+Ti_2Co金属间化合物双相超细组织的Ti-12Co-5Al合金板材。该合金呈现出优异的高速低温超塑性,在700℃的较低温度和3×10~(-2)s~(-1)的高应变速率条件下获得了延伸率为1550％的超塑性。微观组织研究表明,超塑变形促进了Ti_2Co粒子的长大和形状变化,且在延伸率达500％时试样中仍无孔洞产生。     

ZnA127合金超塑性研究

本文对ZnAl27合金的超塑性进行了探讨.特别是研究了该合金铸态实现超塑性的条件、影响超塑性的因素.实验表明:铸态ZnAl27合金经过适当的超塑处理后,在250℃～350℃的温度范围内和应变速率为5×10~(-4)sec~(-1)～3.3×10~(-3)sec~(-1)时均具有超塑性,其中最大延伸率达1140%,而流变应力仅为0.58kgf/mm~2.     

大晶粒Ni-Al合金的超塑性

研究了原始晶粒尺寸为 2 2 0μm的 Ni- 40 % Al(原子分数 )单相合金的高温变形行为 .结果表明 ,该合金在 1 0 0 0～ 1 1 0 0°C温区 ,5× 1 0 -4～ 5× 1 0 -5s-1的应变速率范围内呈现超塑性变形 ,在1 0 5 0°C应变速率为 2 .5× 1 0 -4s-1时 ,最大延伸率可达 340 % ,相应的应变速率敏感指数为 0 .3,表观激活能为 2 89k J/mol.原始大晶粒组织经超塑性变形后显著细化 ,而大晶粒超塑性是由高温变形过程中发生连续回复和再结晶所致 .     

Al-Ca-Zn合金的超塑性研究

Al-Ca-Zn合金是新型的铝基超塑合金。本文对不同成分的Al-Ca-Zn合金的超塑行为进行了系统的试验研究,确定了合金的最佳超塑变形温度及最佳超塑变形速度。含Ca5％在共晶沟附近的合金、在550℃,ε_0=1.67×10~(-2)S~(-1),时可取得最大延伸率770～830％,最大m值0.42。讨论了合金的超塑细晶形成及稳定机理、孔洞及超塑断裂。认为控制合金成分及其铸态组织是取得较高超塑性能合金的重要条件之一。     

5A90铝锂合金的超塑性变形行为

采用光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射、电导率测试以及超塑性高温拉伸实验研究5A90铝锂合金超塑性变形行为和变形机理。研究结果表明:经450℃/30 min再结晶退火后,在变形温度为500℃、应变速率为8×10~(-4)s~(-1)的超塑性变形条件下,可使伸长率由未退火状态的630%提升至1 120%;在超塑性变形过程中,晶粒由长条状逐渐变为等轴状,而退火后的晶粒更加细小且等轴化程度更高,再结晶退火还可以提高材料内部的空位浓度并增加大角度晶界所占的比例,这都有利于伸长率提高;在最适宜超塑性变形条件下,该材料的应变速率敏感性指数m为0.63,因此,其主要变形机制为晶界滑移,但在变形后期扩散机制成为一种协调机制。     

Ni-42Al单相金属间化合物的超塑性

研究了原始晶粒尺寸为200μm的富Ni单相Ni-42Al金属间化合物的高温变形行为及组织演变规律.结果表明,该合金在1 000~1 100℃、应变速率(0.125~2)×10-3s-1内呈现超塑性变形,在1 075℃、应变速率为10-3s-1时,最大延伸率可达306%.研究发现,该合金的应变速率敏感指数m与应变温度及应变速率相关.实验条件下,m值在0.2~0.3变化.显微结构分析表明,原始大晶粒组织经超塑性变形后显著细化,大晶粒超塑性变形是通过位错的交滑移与攀移等交互作用发生的连续动态回复和再结晶导致的.     

Al含量对Zn—Al合金超塑性的影响

用恒载荷和恒夹头速度蠕为法研究了Zn－2．5Al、Zn－5Al和Zn－10Al合金的超塑性。研究表明，Zn－5Al共晶合金的超塑性优于亚共晶合金Zn-10Al及过共晶合金Zn－2．5Al，其优异的超塑性来源于细密的层片状共晶组织（α－β）。Zn－5Al合金的组织全部为（α＋β）共晶体，变形抗力低，晶界滑移均匀；Zn－10Al合金的α／β界面较Zn－5Al的少，超塑性也不如Zn－5Al的好；Zn-2.5Al合金的组织为（α＋β）＋β，（α＋β）共晶体主要包含α／β界面，超塑变形时易滑移，先共晶的β相包含β／β界面，超塑变形时不易发生滑移。随着拉伸速度的减小，合金的流变应力减小，延伸率增大。轧制变形量的合金，其超塑性也好。     

Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg合金超塑性变形行为及变形机理

对Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg合金在Instron5500电子万能材料试验机上进行超塑性拉伸实验.通过对该合金超塑性过程中延伸率δ,应变速率敏感性指数m值的计算,获得了不同变形温度、不同应变速率下δ和m值的变化规律.该合金在温度为793 K,应变速率为1.67×10-4s-1时,合金的应变速率敏感性指数和延伸率均达到最大值,分别为0.44,379%.分别构建了该合金的功率耗散率图以及铝合金RWS变形机理图.运用功率耗散率图预报该合金的超塑性变形区域;应用铝合金变形机理图并结合该合金超塑性拉伸前后显微组织变化规律,根据不同温度下Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg合金柏氏矢量补偿的晶粒尺寸值、模量补...     

粉末冶金法制得的白口铸铁的超塑性研究

通过快速结晶法制得了2.875％C+1.3％Cr的白口铸铁粉末。然后用热等静压方法在温度720℃,压力150MPa将粉末压3h得到了高密度的粉末压块。压块经63％的变形后,显微组织由晶粒尺寸为1～3μm的铁素体和直径小于3.5μm的渗碳体颗粒组成。在670～770℃的温度区间和3×10~(-4)～1~(s-1)的应变速率范围,对材料在热等静压后和热等静压+63％的墩粗变形后的超塑性行为进行了研究。研究结果表明:材料在720℃和3×10~(-3)～3×10~(-2s-1)的应变速率下显示出低的流动应力和高的应变速率敏感性(m=0.42)。     

Superplastic Behavior and Deformation Mechanisms of AI-12.7Si-0.7Mg Alloy

对Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg合金在Instron5500电子万能材料试验机上进行超塑性拉伸实验.通过对该合金超塑性过程中延伸率δ,应变速率敏感性指数m值的计算,获得了不同变形温度、不同应变速率下δ和m值的变化规律.该合金在温度为793 K,应变速率为1.67×10-4s-1时,合金的应变速率敏感性指数和延伸率均达到最大值,分别为0.44,379%.分别构建了该合金的功率耗散率图以及铝合金RWS变形机理图.运用功率耗散率图预报该合金的超塑性变形区域;应用铝合金变形机理图并结合该合金超塑性拉伸前后显微组织变化规律,根据不同温度下Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg合金柏氏矢量补偿的晶粒尺寸值、模量补偿的应力值预报该合金的超塑性拉伸变形机理.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.